Pole Phase Modulated Multiphase Induction Motor Drive
Drives that are used in the Electrical vehicles require constant power maintenance though it produces a maximum variation in speed when it picks up from the low speed to high speed. Pole phase modulated multiphase induction motor (IM) drive has a potential to extend the power operation to a constant value although the speed increases at a maximum rate with the high transient torque for electric launch or hill climbing. The paper (Reddy, Umesh, & Madhukar Rao, & Venkata, Ravikumar & Siva Kumar, 2017) deals with the 45 phase squirrel cage IM drive with 1:3:9:15 speed ratio using pole phase modulation. The proposed drive functions with the four speeds that could be determined by eliminating the change of the electric pole that requires a mechanical gear box. This is very light in weight and the EV size could be small. There is an advantage that the voltage rating of the power switch could be reduced that makes the dc link to support a maximum number of phase since the phase number appears to be a little larger (). When the phase number is increased then it could reduce the torque ripple thereby increasing the efficiency with the decreased slot harmonics. The proposed EVI operates in a pole combinations of 45 phase 2 pole, 15 phase 6pole, 5 phase 18 pole and 3 phase 30 that is confirmed by FEA simulation using 5hp model in Ansys Maxwell (an electromagnetic package) and Simplorer (related simulator of the particular circuit).
The pole phase modulation (PPM), which drives the Multi-phase induction motor (MIM) is extremely applicable for the electric motor application due to the following reason: 1) Constant power operation is done at an extremely high speed 2) high accuracy 3) highly reliable. The above proposed method could work at the five combinations which could eliminate the mechanical gear system of the conventional electric vehicle applications.
In order to enhance the torque density we could use the high-order harmonics of the magnetic field, which work on certain topologies of the multiphase machines. But the temperature, current and voltage parameters have to be considered for the inverter and the machines while dealing with the torque enhancement. This paper (Umesh, & Keerthipati, Sivakumar, 2015) deals with the rotor-?ux oriented control scheme that is capable of utilizing the high range of torque at any speed. This could be possible by the multiphase induction motor drives. At the minimum speed, the torque could be improved by including the third harmonic component to the basic one at the magnetic field air gap (Mengoni, Zarri, Tani, Parsa, Serra, Casadei, 2015).
We generally require high efficiency for all the machines, motor and so on. If we look into the propulsion system of the commercial ship, it is necessary to obtain a maximum efficiency for the electrical drive system. The paper (Reusser & Young, 2015) deals with the naval Full Electric Propulsion (F.E.P.), its dynamic behavior that includes a Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter as well as an Induction Motor Drive. The simulation result is obtained from the loss of the load, impact of the load as well as the reversion of the speed (Osama & Lipo, 2011). Three phase stator winding has been used among the group of two coils associated within a phase that results in a six coil with the six terminal machines. The supply for the machine is provided by two inverters that provide the necessary current, which work either as two pole or four pole windings. The concept of zero pole gives rise to the four pole operation that find its way till the end of the constant power region. The constant power region could be extended by bringing contactor less pole changing in order to attain the best result of doubled speed range with the same inverter/machine rating.
Rotor-Flux Oriented Control Scheme
The usage of a single DC source could provide us a direct ac to ac conversion. Moreover the inverter could feed a power back to the grid with any power factor. The paper (Nair, Rahul, Pramanick, Gopakumar & Franquelo, 2016) deals with the systematic approach of using a single DC source for the 6- phase stacked multilevel inverter fed symmetric IM drive. Here each DC supply is appreciated by capacitors connected in series (split) with inherent balancing of the neutral point (DC link capacitor mid-point) current within a switching cycle (Umesh & Sivakumar, 2017). Due to this the capacitor size that produces a DC link could be abruptly reduced. This proposal is verified experimentally by using a 6-phase stacked nine level inverter, which was developed for a symmetric 6-phase IM that runs with the help of the V/f control.
The paper (Umesh, & Rao & Siva Kumar, 2016) deals with the 3-level inverter scheme that works with the single dc source, which could highly improve the pole phase modulated multiphase induction motor drive’s (PPMMIM) performance. Every individual phase of the commercial 9-0 4-pole induction motor (IM) has voltage profile coils (IVPC) connected in series with the two pole-pitch spans. The excitation is offered by the 9-0 2-level inverters individually to the two 9-phase star groups that could be formed by the disconnected IVPC. These inverters are connected to the dc-link that is found to be common (Umesh, Sivakumar, 2014). The requirement produced by the dc-link of the traditional 3-0 IM drive is found to be six times larger when compared to the 9-0 IM drive (Reusser, & Young, 2015). The phase count is decreased and high torque is supplied by the PPMMIM drive that could highly increase the harmonic space magnitude of the air-gap during the maximum pole operation. With the help of phase shifted carrier space-vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) the proposed MLI scheme operates by the multilevel voltage across the effective phase. Due to the 1800 phase shift reference, the effective voltage from the center band of the first harmonics could be cancelled (Sun, Ge, Bi, 2010).
In the field of the high power traction and ship propulsion, Multiphase induction motor (MIM) drives play a vital role. Their advantages are numerous that includes the better efficiency with low torque pulsations and high tolerance to the faults (Kelly, 2007). The use of PPM could also enhance the operation of MIM drives that sufficiency increases the speed-torque ranges. The use of multiphase space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for controlling the MIM drives leads to minimum dc link voltage utilization (DLVU) when compared to the three-phase (3-φ) counter parts. This is due to the addition of sine reference offset value in the multiphase SVPWM that is always found to be lower when evaluated with the third harmonic order offset value in case of 3-φ SVPWM. This could lead to the utilization of additional dc link voltage utilization that could be same as compared to the three-phase SVPWM. This could bring current of third harmonics into the multiple phase windings where the drives are connected in the form of a star. The most suitable and sufficient technique is to group the drive in the three-phase groups that has been proposed in (Levi, Bojoi, Profumo, Toliyat and Williamson, 2007). This is done in order to avoid the dominant lower order harmonic currents in to the phase windings. This proposed technique works with the pole ratio 1:3 with the pole phase modulated nine-phase induction motor (IM) (Lin, Zhou, Fu, Stanton & Cendes, 2008) . This is implemented by Simplorer circuit simulator that generates a two-level inverter which feeds the developed finite element model of nine-phase PPMIM from ANSYS Maxwell two dimensional (2-D) (Ganev, 2014). The anticipated PPMMIM drive is experimentally validated for 5 hp nine-phase IM, fed from a two-level inverter. The inverter control algorithm is implemented by a SPARTAN 6 FPGA board that is coded using VHDL.
References:
Reddy, B & S. Umesh, B & Madhukar Rao, A & Venkata, Ravikumar & Siva Kumar, K. (2017). A five speed 45-phase induction motor drive with pole phase modulation for electric vehicles. 258-263. 10.1109/ICIT.2017.7913093.
Umesh, B.S. &, Sivakumar, K. (2015). Multiphase induction motor drive with 1:3:9:15 speed ratios for gear free electric vehicle application. 10.1109/ICIAFS.2014.7069559.
Mengoni, M., Zarri, L., Tani, A., Parsa, L., Serra, G. & Casadei, D. (2015). High-Torque-Density Control of Multiphase Induction Motor Drives Operating Over a Wide Speed Range. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on. 62. 814-825. 10.1109/TIE.2014.2334662.
Reusser, C. & Young, H. (2015). Full electric ship propulsion based on a flying capacitor converter and an induction motor drive. 2015. 10.1109/ESARS.2015.7101468.
Osama, M. & Lipo, T. (2011). A new inverter control scheme for induction motor drives requiring wide speed range. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications – IEEE TRANS IND APPL. 32. 350 – 355 vol.1.
Nair, V., Rahul S.A., Pramanick, S., Gopakumar, K. & Franquelo, L. (2016). Novel Symmetric Six-Phase Induction Motor Drive Using Stacked Multilevel Inverters With a Single DC Link and Neutral Point Voltage Balancing. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. PP. 1-1.
Umesh, B.S. & Sivakumar, K. (2017) A three-level inverter configuration for pole-phase modulated nine-phase induction motor drives with single DC link. 2017 National Power Electronics Conference (NPEC). DOI: 10.1109/NPEC.2017.8310458
Umesh, B & Rao A, Madhukar & Siva Kumar, K. (2016). Pole-phase modulated multiphase induction motor drive with improved dc link utilization. 1858-1863. 10.1109/IECON.2016.7793786.
Umesh B.S., Sivakumar K., (2014). 15 phase induction motor drive with 1:3:5 speed ratios using pole phase modulation. In the 2014 International Power Electronics Conference. Hiroshima. pp. 1400- 1404.
Sun D.S., Ge B.M., Bi D.Q., (2010). Winding design for pole-phase modulation of induction machines, Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Delft 278-283.
Kelly J.W. (2007). A novel control scheme for a pole-changing induction motor drive. PhD Thesis. Michigan State University.
Levi, E., Bojoi, R., Profumo, F., Toliyat, H.A. and WilliamsonG, S. (2007). Multi phase induction motor drives – a technology status review . IET Electr. Power Appl. 1, (4), pp. 489-516.
Lin D., Zhou P., Fu W.N., Stanton S., Cendes Z.J., (2008). A dynamic core loss model for soft ferromagnetic and power ferrite materials in transient finite element analysis. IEEE Trans. Magn. 40(2): 1318-1321.
Reusser, C. & Young, H. (2015). Full electric ship propulsion based on a flying capacitor converter and an induction motor drive. In IEEE Electrification Magazine. 2(4):13-22
Ganev, E. (2014). Selecting the Best Electric Machines for Electrical Power-Generation Systems: High-performance solutions for aerospace More electric architectures.. Electrification Magazine, IEEE. 2. 13-22. 10.1109/MELE.2014.2364731.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
