The last year’s, much attention is given to novel applications of protein-based materials, especially in the industrial application. This interest is driven both by agricultural surpluses but also markedly by a market-pull from consumers and a big interest in environmental considerations. Several industrial proteins are available for the development of technical applications. Originally from the plant as soy proteins, corn- and wheat gluten, potato proteins pea proteins, and from the animal as casein, whey, keratin and collagen (De Graaf and Kolster, 1998).
Casein behooves to a family of phosphoproteins presented in mammalian milk. The casein protein has been produced only in New Zealand for many years because of excess milk production and low cheese manufacturing there (Southward., 1998). Casein is present as a suspension of particles named ‘‘casein micelles” (Ruhsing Pan et al., 1999). These casein micelles are held together by hydrophobic interactions and calcium ions (Dalgleish., 1998). Wheat protein is a cereal grain, cultivated for its seed. In Europe, 9 million tons/year of starch and starch sweeteners are originating from wheat.
Three-quarters of the extracted gluten are used in bakery products, withal one quarter is not used until now has a potential to be used in technical applications. At present, the modified starches are used in the paper industry. Casein and wheat protein and present a structure with large functional properties for this it can be valorized in non-food applications and be used in new application areas. Casein is used in glues, industrial paints and plastics (Sutermeister and Browne., 1940), and medical products (Rose., 2000). One of the industrial applications, it the use of casein as binders with a high resistivity to water (Palomino et al.
, 2008). Recent research shows that wheat gluten can be used in making coatings and biodegradable films for non-food and food applications (Zaritzky., 2009). Some research has also been done regarding its ability to bond wood [10]. Furthermore, wheat gluten-based foams are a new application area (Sharma et al., 2017; (Blomfeldt et al., 2011; (Blomfeldt et al., 2010).
In Europe, it’s used for manufacturing bioethanol fuel. Up to now the most favorable materials for coating applications are polyurethanes with a large range of physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility and are used in a number of high-value applications (Wang et al., 2014; Thébault et al., 2015; Xuedong et al., 2018). Recently, Basso et al., 2017a-2017b have identified and studied a new and interesting reaction of oligomerization and cross-linking by triethyl phosphate (TEP) of condensed (flavonoid) tannins and lignin yielding highly thermo-stable materials. The organophosphorus-based coatings present a large range of applications in different fields as adhesion coating, (Bressy-Brondino et al., 2002) corrosion inhibition, (Lam et al., 2009; David et al., 2011) flame retardancy, (Kannan et al., 2010. Joseph and Tretsiakova-Mcnally., 2011) antiwear films (Mangolini et al., 2012). In the work reported here, mainly biosourced thermosetting resins were synthesized by reacting TEP and proteins (a wheat gluten fraction or casein), presenting good coating properties and applicable as heat-resistant paints. The potential of wheat gluten protein and casein to polymerize by reacting with TEP is extensively evaluated by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (Maldi-ToF) analysis and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Coating tests on aluminum metal surfaces were carried out at high temperature. The results obtained are described in this work.
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