Research Objectives
Employee training is very crucial for the success of any organization within the competitive business environment (Ahmad & Din, 2017). Employees who have been effectively trained perform better than those who have not been trained. This is because training results to high morale among the employees at the work place due to performance of tasks which they are well acquainted. This research shall focus on the impact of training and development on the morale of the employees at Ethiopian Press Agency (Bartel, 2014). This is one of the media organizations and it is the only governmental printed media in the country. Its main vision is to be the most preferred media in Africa. This vision can only be achieved through an effective investment on the human resources through training and development which inturns results to high morale among the workforce hence the achievement of the organizational goals and objectives.
The research purposes to establish the impact of training and development on the morale of the employees at Ethiopian Press agency. This shall send signal to other organizations to implement training and development policies in their organizations.
- How can the Ethiopian Press Agency prepare training for all employees?
- What training methods are used for conduct training and development?
- To what extent does training and development influence employees’ performance?
In addition to the research questions stated above, the following hypotheses are also stated:
- HA: Training and development has no any contribution on employees’ morale in an organization.
- Ho: Training and development has clear contribution on employees’ morale in an organization.
Geographical Context:
This research shall be carried out on Ethiopian Press Agency in Addis Ababa. There might be many press agencies in the country but the researcher is only interested in Ethiopian Press Agency.
Cultural Context:
The research shall focus on the organizational culture of employee training. Ethiopian Press Agency has incorporated employee training into its culture hence the research shall focus on this aspect.
Social or institutional Context:
The research shall mainly focus on the employees and their performance within the organization. The researcher shall evaluate the impact of training and development on their morale which is usually directly proportional to their performance in Ethiopian Press Agency.
According to Blanchard and Nick (2016) research, as a scientific process and activity, has got its own basic ethical conducts that shouldn’t be compromised at any levels.
Research ethics are very vital for the success of any research by the researcher. The researcher should adhere to the following ethical requirements during research:
- The researcher should ensure that the participants are not subjected to any harm when giving the information in relation to the impact of training and development on their performance.
- The researcher should respect the dignity of the participants because they are his important source of information
- The researcher should not share the confidential information of the participants with the third party. The privacy of information should highly be adhered to by the researcher during data collection from the organization.
- The researcher should give accurate data to avoid misleading other researchers who might rely on the information provided by him.
- The researcher should ensure the voluntary participation of the correspondents especially when filling the questionnaires.
- For instance, any source that is quoted and written as used as essential part of the study should be mentioned by the researcher.
It includes the research approach and design, the geographical area where the study was undertaken, description of the respondents of the study selected by the researcher, tools and methods of data collection, variables studied, pilot study and the statistical techniques used for analysis and interpretation of the data
Research Questions
Use of Questionnaires
The semi-structured questionnaires shall be designed by the researcher to enhance efficient data collection which shall be very efficient for the formulation of the research findings by the researcher.
Semi structured Interviews
A semi-structured interview shall be conducted with the selected executive members and heads of departments. The interview will be conducted because; it is an important source of gathering data for the study at the Ethiopian Press Agency. The questions for the interview shall not follow a specific order despite of being predetermined by the researcher.
Surveys
The researcher can be able to obtain relevant information for the research through conducting a survey through various blogs.
The researcher has used various tools, resources and techniques for research during the study. He has made use of the questionnaires, field work, surveys and focus group discussions to collect efficient data for the research.
The researcher shall adopt descriptive statistics method in the analysis of the data collected via interviews and surveys (Choo & Bowley, 2017).The researcher shall also use a statistical tool and a software called SPSS in the analysis of data collected through questionnaires. The collected data will clearly presented by using tables which are expressed in the form of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. To examine the relationship between manpower training and development in employee morale, the correlation has been used. Moreover, multiple regressions may also be used to identify the most important effect of measuring manpower training and development which brings employee morale in an organization.
The collected data shall be stored in CD- drives for future reference by the researcher.
The study will focus all the employees of EPA. The total population of the employees is approximately 400. However, members of the staff with less than one year work experience in the agency won’t be included. Therefore the purposive sampling method would be the researcher’s target to use here.
Such factors include the:
Sample size
Type of survey used especially in the comparison of types and methods to increase validity.
The capacity to general the findings across the entire population
Having an access to the appropriate personnel for data collection
Some of the research techniques that can be used are statistical methods, field study, and observation
Although the research has reached its aims, there were some unavoidable limitations .First, because of the time limit, this research was conducted only on a small size of employees who were the supervisors so it won’t be accurate since people have different opinions .Therefore to generalize the results for larger groups ,the study should have involved more participants at different levels of the organization .Second ,the questionnaires designed to determine employees views on the impact of training and development may have been filled inaccurately and even not all the employees did have access to questionnaires. There might be other factors that might have led to employee increased morale among the employees at Ethiopian Press Agency but this study inclined on training and development as the key factor.
Hypotheses
This study is limited to the effect of man power training and development on employee’s morale in an organization. Ethiopian press Agency is the only federal print public media in Ethiopia. The researcher will focus only on employees of Ethiopian Press Agency, so as the study will be limited to EPA only. EPA is found in Addis Ababa and there are many private and public print media in the city but the researcher will take EPA only for accuracy.
How the research meet the needs of the target group
The research has clearly outlined the significance of employee training and development making it clear for the organizations which will then have to implement various training and development programs in their organizations.
The researcher shall use the following applied method in research
This research usually aims to solve an immediate problem in a given organization. According to Jones and Wright, (2012) the researcher tend to obtain relevant data in relation to the implication of training and development on the morale of the employees so as to initiate training and development programs in other organizations to reduce the turnover rate experienced in many organizations today.
The researcher has used Ethiopian Press Agency as the case study to come up with the implication of training and development on the morale of the employees.
The researcher shall collect data during the research through:
Surveys
The researcher shall conduct a survey in relation to the impact of training and development in the organization through which he shall be able to obtain relevant information to enhance the research findings.
Interview
The researcher shall interview the employees through which he shall be able to obtain relevant information to facilitate the research findings.
Focus group discussions.
The researcher shall divide the sample population into groups after which he shall request them to give him their views of the impact of training and development on their morale which has a direct impact on their performance within the organization (Delery and Doty, 2016). This shall be very crucial to him in coming up with the research findings for the study.
Methods and techniques selected to optimise the collection of useful data for the research topic:
The researcher shall use the following the methods and techniques for optimum collection of relevant data for the topic under study
Use of journals
The researcher shall read as many journals as possible so as to obtain more information on the impact of training and development on the morale of employees on various organizations.
Ethical Requirements
Field study
The researcher shall focus on other researcher’s work in the same field so as to fill the gaps in knowledge for the better utilization of the human resources in the organizations (Tai, 2016).Field study shall enable him to advice various organizations on the significance of training and development on the morale of the employees in the organization (Knoke and Kalleberg, 2014).
Use of journals
Through the use of journals the researcher shall be able to have an access to a wide source of ideas which shall enhance appropriate research findings (Noe, 2011).
Field study
This method is very efficient because the researcher shall be able to compare his thoughts with what others had already done for effective research findings and conclusion.
The following are the data collection tools that shall be used by the researcher during his research at the Ethiopian Press Agency:
A semi-structured questionnaire shall be used by the researcher to collect relevant data from the population under study. According to Kumpikait? (2018) the questionnaires shall have questions revolving around career development and how employees perceive the influence it has on their morale which has a direct impact on their performance within the organization. The participants shall be the employees within the organization and they shall be instructed to be genuine when filling the questionnaire.
Video recorder
This shall be used to record interview sessions between the researcher and the population under study. This is very efficient as the information can be stored for future reference by the researcher.
Journal
According to Hameed & Waheed (2011) the researcher shall use a journal to record the outcome of the focus group discussion where the employees shall share their views of the influence of training and development which shall enable the researcher to formulate the research findings.
Pilot study
This enhanced the efficiency of the questionnaires where the experts ascertained the suitability of the questions which saw the researcher reframing some of his questions to suit the research topic effectively. The final questionnaire was fine as per the feedback from the experts which was an assurance to the researcher of the efficient data collection from the correspondents during the research.
Some of the questions in the questionnaire were omitted because they seemed to be rhetorical in nature. The researcher added more questions under the guidance from the experts which resulted to an efficient questionnaire for data collection process.
Data Collection Techniques
Use of focus group interviews
The researcher shall interview various groups of employees regarding their perception of the influence training and development has on their morale and performance within the organization.
Use of questionnaires
This is important especially if the researcher needs to collect specific data from the correspondents.
To identify the training and development ways in the agency that are necessary to do their jobs;
- To describe training methods used for conducting the training and development;
- To identify the purpose of training and development of the agency to do the employees their jobs;
- To recognize the overall employee’s satisfaction with the training and development program that they have received concerning to Employee’s morale.
This research was initiated by the researcher himself because he wanted to enhance the culture for training and developing the employees in various organizations since he discovered that it has an impact on the morale of the employees at the work place. The research is meant for organizations that do not have the culture for training and developing their employees through various career development programs.
Due to increased need for efficient achievement of organizational goals and objectives, the employees need to perform well. This can be achieved when the employees are skilled and motivated especially if they engage themselves in tasks they can understand hence the need for training and development which has an influence on their morale which is directly proportional to their performance within the organization.
According to Marie (2015) the researcher adopted qualitative research strategy due to the following reasons:
- It aim to provide a clear answer to the research question through the questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions.
- There is a distinct set of procedure used to provide a clear answer to the research question.
- The researcher is able to collect a clear evidence to enhance the research findings.
- It provides the researcher with an opportunity to come up with findings that never existed before.
- The research findings are applicable on a wide scope beyond the immediate boundaries of the study.
From the data analysis, the researcher found out that training and development increased the morale of the employees at the work place hence efficient achievement of the organizational goals and objectives. Ethiopian Press Agency conducts a regular training and development for its work force in order to cope with the rapid technological changes in the external business environment.
From the research findings, the organization shall have a clear picture of the impact of training and development on the morale of its workforce. This would enhance the creation of more training programs by the organization for its employees for greater achievement. The research shall also be of great benefit to the learner group as they will appreciate the fact that training and development is essential for the success of any organization within the competitive business environment.
The research findings can apply to all the organizations because training and development is a crucial aspect for the success of any organization.
The research has only been inclined to the impact of training and development on the morale of the employees in Ethiopian Press Agency. Further research is required on other sectors of different organizations in future.
Conclusion:
Organizations should enhance regular training and development of the employees at the work place because it reduces the turnover rate of the employees within the organization because it enhances employees’ job satisfaction due to increased morale among them.
References
Ahmad, I. & Din, S.U. (2017). Evaluating training and development. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 2.pp804
Bartel, A.P. (2014), “Productivity gains for the implementation of employee training programs”, Industrial Relations, Vol. 33 No. 4, pp. 411-28.
Blanchard, P, Nick (2016) and Tracker, James, W; “Effective Training Systems – Strategic and Practices’ 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd., Vol 16. p.4.
Choo, S., & Bowley, C. (2017). Using training and development to affect job satisfaction within franchising. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(2), 339–352
Delery, J.E. and Doty, D.H. (2016), “Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: tests of universalistic, contingency and configurational performance predictions”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39 No. 4, pp. 802-35
Hameed, A. & Waheed, A. (2011).Employee Development and Its effect on Employee Performance: A Conceptual framework. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, No. 13, pp.45-65
Jones, G.R. and Wright, P.M. (2012), “An economic approach to conceptualizing the utility of human resource management practices”, in Rowland, K. and Ferris, G. (Eds), Research in Personnel and HRM, Vol. 10.pp80
Knoke, D. and Kalleberg, A.L. (2014), “Job training in US organizations”, American Sociological Review, Vol. 59, pp. 537-46.
Kumpikait?, V. (2018). Human Resource Development in Learning Organization. Journal of Business Economics and Management, Vol.9, No.1, pp. 25–31.
Marie, W. (2015). The effects of self-regulatory coping orientation on newcomer adjustment and job survival. Personnel Psychology, 48(3), 633– 650
Noe, R.A. (2011).Trainees’ Attributes and Attitudes: Neglected Influences on Training Effectiveness: Academy of Management Review, University of Minnesota, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp.736-749
Tai, W. T., (2016). Effects of Training Framing, General Self-efficacy and Training Motivation on Trainees’ Training Effectiveness, Emerald Group Publishers, 35(1), pp. 51-65
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