Developing personal skills
Discuss about the Health Promotion in Diabetic Patients for WHO.
According to World Health Organization (WHO), health promotion goes beyond the normal health care (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). It involves making the health as an agenda of policymaker in all related health sectors at different levels through directing them and making them know the results health consequences brought by their decisions in order to enforce them to have responsibilities for health (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). Therefore in 1986 Ottawa health conference, various strategies were endorsed to help develop a support and interrelated groups in developing and maintaining actions toward health promotion intended to support the wellbeing of individuals and community completely. In order to enforce this, all parties including the government, media, individuals, healthcare providers, institutions, nongovernmental organizations and the community are crucial (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). To enforce this, five basic strategies were advocated during the Otawwa charter which includes creating a supportive environment, developing personal skills, strengthening community actions, building public health policies and reorienting health services (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). These five strategies go hand in hand with Australian health priorities as a way to promote the health of the entire population and reduce the inequalities that exist among different groups (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2012). Diabetes has been recognized as one of the Australian health priorities as it is a common disease that affects most of the people in the country (Green, Brancati & Albright, 2012). Nurses and midwives have a core responsibility in reducing the prevalence of diabetes and its effects on health promotion. This study tends to demonstrate how a nurse can apply the five strategies from Ottawa charter to promote health promotion for diabetes.
This strategy involves modifying the behaviors and habits of an individual in order for them to notice that they can make changes that can lead to reduced risk of developing various diseases and illnesses (Flynn, 2015). Nurses use this strategy to educate the public using strategic suitable skills in order to make improvements of peoples health (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). These skills include communication, enhancing decision making, time management, problem solving and assertiveness, (Green, Brancati & Albright, 2012), According to WHO there are seven basic skills a nurse need to educate patients in order to manage and promote health promotion in diabetes (Flynn, 2015). This includes educating the public the need of healthy eating, performing physical exercises, health checkups, and monitoring, the need to adhere with medications prescribed, problem-solving strategies, ways of reducing the extra risks and healthy coping (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2012). Nurses should educate the public the need for healthy eating which includes eating all three nutrients; proteins, fat, and carbohydrates in correct quantities to reduce instances of obesity and overweight. Physical activities are among the most effective strategies for controlling the effects of type 2 diabetes since it helps to control blood glucose levels.Nurses need to demonstrate which physical activities are helpful and how they need to be done. In addition to that, the public need to be aware of frequent blood glucose check-ups and the methods of monitoring, how to take medication at home and self-management and problem-solving when it comes to diabetes management (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2012). Other than that, nurses should educate the public about risk reduction among diabetes patients especially injuries since they do not heal fast and healthy coping through psychological support.
Reorienting Health Services
This strategic action is meant to make sure that health services are available and accessible to everyone across the country (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). This is a collaboration amongst individual, community groups government, health institutions and health care providers (Delaney et al., 2017). Through reorienting health services health promotion, prevention of illness and support of well being is achieved. Among the many government programs, an initiative like ‘ Lets Prevent Diabetes’Around 375 health professional across the country members were trained in a two-day program on the basic strategies to prevent type two diabetes (Flynn, 2015). Nurses take such opportunities in order to gain knowledge on various current tactics in health promotion. This enables them to train and educate their patients more effectively on various strategies of diabetes self-management (“Supportive environments | Working in Health Promoting Ways”, 2018). Nurses need to embrace the expanded mandate that is highly sensitive and have respect for the cultural needs of patients with diabetes. This mandate should lie in line with the support of the needs of the patients and community at large for a healthier life and opens channels between the health sector and patients broader social, economic, political and physical environment (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2012). In addition, reorienting health services also require nurses to ensure they focus on diabetes research as well as the changes in diabetic education and training (Green, Brancati & Albright, 2012). This, in turn, will lead to change on the attitudes of the health institution as a whole and make the nurses to provide health services to diabetic patients refocusing on the patient’s total needs as a whole person (Green, Brancati & Albright, 2012).
This priority health strategy focuses on the environment where individuals are situated in order to determine the approach toward health improvement (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). This involves an approach of partnering with the community and individuals to construct healthy environments that encourage, support and provides resources to people who have potentials to better improve their health status (Michelini, 2017). One of the initiative by the government in Australia that creates a supportive environment is National Diabetes Service Scheme (NDSS) (Bergman et al., 2012). The major function of the NDSS is to deliver diabetes-related products at a reduced price in order to promote affordability. Other than that the NDSS provides support and information services to people with diabetes and the general public (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2012). All people diagnosed with the diagnosis are provided with free registration to ensures that there is free access to everyone with diabetes. Nurses should make sure they inform their patients about the initiative and provide support during the registration process (Kim & Rich, 2016). Other than that, nurses should create a supportive environment in the hospital as well when caring for the diabetic patient (“Supportive environments | Working in Health Promoting Ways”, 2018). This involves things like patient education on diabetes self-management, connecting patient with families and friends, giving patient proper medication at given time, guiding and counseling to promote good coping strategies and ensuring that the is in a clean and comfortable environment. In addition, it is the responsibility of nurses to ensure that diabetes patients require all available resources in the hospital including cultural and religious aspects (Laverack & Keshavarz Mohammadi, 2014).
Creating Support Environment
Strengthening the community action basically means that nurses should increase the community assess to diabetes health services and their control on the social determinants of health (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). By focusing on the community nurses are able to pinpoint the exact community problems and areas of concern that the diabetic patients need to be addressed. Nurses should be involved in different strategies like communicating with community and social marketing activities in order to help people understand the risks of diabetes (Schiøtz, Bøgelund, Almdal, Jensen & Willaing, 2012). Nurses should also involve the members of the community in health education about the risk of diabetes by creating health campaigns and camps where the community could share their views on what they know about diabetes (Schiøtz, Bøgelund, Almdal, Jensen & Willaing, 2012). The nurse should also educate the community about proper nutrition and physical exercises needed for diabetes prevention (Michelini, 2017). This could be probably by direct participation with the community, sharing educative videos, educative posts, creating social media pages where different people can share their views and also guiding and counseling (Laverack & Keshavarz Mohammadi, 2014). In addition, nurses can advocate for community development draws on the already existing resources both human and material in order to enhance self-help and social support on diabetic patients (Kim & Rich, 2016). This, in turn, can encourage the development of flexible systems that encourage public participation in directions related to health matters and therefore leading to continuous access of available health information, learning opportunities as well as financial support for affected diabetic individuals who have financial problems (Kim & Rich, 2016).
This involve making the health as one of the major agenda of policymakers in all sectors and at all levels through directing them to understand the consequences of health and be aware to accept the health as their responsibility (“The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion”, 2018). Nurses can perform nursing advocacy for diabetic during policy making using various strategies. First, a nurse can conduct an evidence-based research concerning diabetes and present to decision-makers about the changes one need to be fixed (Laverack & Keshavarz Mohammadi, 2014). The presentation should be prepared well in order to reduce limitations that might be rejected by other interest groups (Delaney et al., 2017).Other than that, a nurse can present personal experiences on cases of diabetes to politicians and the government in order to demonstrate certain possible aspects that need a change in care. In addition, nurses can use national advocacy groups like Diabetes Australia in order to gain an understanding of the emerging issues and learn how one can get involved in change (Kemppainen, Tossavainen & Turunen, 2012). National organizations normally have experts and resources that can make nurses be able to connect with others in order to provide a unified voice (Laverack & Keshavarz Mohammadi, 2014).
References
Bergman, M., Buysschaert, M., Schwarz, P., Albright, A., Narayan, K., & Yach, D. (2012).
Diabetes prevention: global health policy and perspectives from the ground. Diabetes Management, 2(4), 309-321.
Delaney, G., Newlyn, N., Pamplona, E., Hocking, S., Glastras, S., McGrath, R., & Fulcher, G. (2017). Identification of Patients With Diabetes Who Benefits Most From a Health Coaching Program in Chronic Disease Management, Sydney, Australia, 2013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 14.
Flynn, M. (2015). Empowering people to be healthier: public health nutrition through the Ottawa Charter. Proceedings Of The Nutrition Society, 74(03), 303-312.
Green, L., Brancati, F., & Albright, A. (2012). Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes: integrative public health and primary care opportunities, challenges and strategies. Family Practice, 29(suppl 1), i13-i23.
Kim, D., & Rich, M. (2016). Patient-centered Care of Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Multiple Chronic Conditions. Canadian Journal Of Cardiology, 32(9), 1097-1107.
Kenny, A., Hyett, N., Sawtell, J., Dickson-Swift, V., Farmer, J., & O’Meara, P. (2013).
Community participation in rural health: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1).
Kemppainen, V., Tossavainen, K., & Turunen, H. (2012). Nurses’ roles in health promotion practice: an integrative review. Health Promotion International, 28(4), 490-501.
Laverack, G., & Keshavarz Mohammadi, N. (2011). What remains for the future: strengthening community actions to become an integral part of health promotion practice. Health Promotion International, 26(suppl 2),
Michelini, E. (2017). The communicative validity of health-related promotion of physical activity: A critical analysis of national health strategies. Social Theory & Health, 15(4), 448-464.
Schiøtz, M., Bøgelund, M., Almdal, T., Jensen, B., & Willaing, I. (2012). Social support and self-management behavior among patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetic
Medicine, 29(5), 654-661.
Supportive environments | Working in Health Promoting Ways. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.dhhs.tas.gov.au/wihpw/principles/supportive_environments
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. (2018). World Health Organization. Retrieve from https://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index1.html
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