Day’s sales in receivables
Question:
Discuss About The Financial Management Principles Application?
Financial statement analysis can be considered as a process of selection, evaluation and interpretation of financial data, together with other relevant information, in a bid to design an evaluation of a company’s present as well as future financial condition and overall financial performance.
Day’s sales in receivables: As rightly indicated by Ehiedu (2014), day’s sales in particularly accounts receivables also referred to as the total number of days of firm’s receivables, reflects average number of days it requires to pull together firm’s accounts receivable. Enumeration for ascertainment of day’s sales in accounts receivables involves division of total days in a year (that is 365 days) by the accounts receivable turnover ratio for a particular year. In this case a lower ratio indicates a favourable condition as it implies firms can collect cash earlier more frequently from their customers and can utilize the cash for various other operations. The day’s sales in receivables is registered to be 104 in 2011, 126 in 2012, 91 in 2013, 77 in 2014, 74 in 2015 and 95 in 2016. The day’s sales in receivables have decreased considerably during the year 2016 as compared to the base period 2011, although it has increased in comparison to year ago period. Also, the average is registered to be 94.66 that are lower than the industrial average. Therefore, it reflects a favourable financial condition for the firm.
Accounts Receivable Turnover: Accounts receivable turnover can be regarded as the efficiency ratio that enumerates the number of times a specific business can transform accounts receivable of a firm into cash particularly during a specific period. In a way, this ratio can be considered as a liquidity ratio that can reflect the extent of efficiency of a company at acquiring its credit sales from their clientele (Mohanram et al., 2017). In this case, higher ratio implies that corporations are amassing their receivables more frequently all through the year. As enumerated in the case of NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C, the accounts receivable turnover was observed to be 3.50 in 2011, 3.183 in 2012, 3.41 in 2013, 4.62 in 2014, 4.459 in 2015, 4.146 in 2016. The receivable turnover ratio has increased in the year 2016 as compared to the base period 2011 although it reflects a downward deflection in 2016 as compared to the year ago period. On the whole, the average can be calculated to 3.89 that is over and above the industry average of 3.09. Thus, it can be hereby inferred that accountable receivable turnover ratio reveals a favourable liquidity condition of the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C.
Accounts Receivable Turnover in Days: Accounts receivable turnover can be considered as the total number of times every year that a specific business amasses average accounts receivable. This ratio replicates the degree of efficiency of the firm in collecting all the credit sales granted from their customers. Essentially, shorter days implies that the firm can collect their receivables in lesser time (Cortesi et al., 2015). Accounts Receivable Turnover in Days for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C is recorded to be 104 in 2011, 115 in 2012, 107 in 2013, 79 in 2014, 82 in 2015 and 88 in 2016. The recorded figures show that the Accounts Receivable Turnover in Days of NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C has decreased during 2016 as compared to the base period 2011. Also, the average for the period recorded to be 95.78 is lower than the industrial average of 298. 08. Therefore, this reveals a sound liquidity condition for the firm in terms of Accounts Receivable Turnover in Days.
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Day’s Sales in Inventory: Day’s sales in calculation of inventory enumerate the total number of days a company will take to market all it inventory. Lower days of inventory outstanding can be considered to be more desirable than comparatively higher ratio (Titman et al., 2017). The recorded figures for day’s sales in inventory is registered to be 125 in 2011, 143 in 2012, 160 in 2013, 152 in 2014, 147 in 2015 and 143 in 2016. The figures recorded shows that day’s sale in inventory has declined during the year 2016 as compared to the year ago period, although it has increased in comparison to the base period 2011. However, the average is recorded to be 145.07 that is much above the industry average. Thus, it can be hereby inferred that day’s sale in inventory replicates an unfavourable financial condition of the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C. as it reveals that the company is taking considerably longer period to sell its inventory in comparison to the industry.
Inventory Turnover: Inventory turnover can be considered to be an efficiency ratio that reflects the way company can effectively manage inventory by means of comparing costs of goods sold with average inventory for a specific period. As this is a dimension of how effectively a corporation can control their merchandise, so it is essential to have a higher turn (Weygandt et al., 2015). The inventory turnover was registered to be 2.93 in 2011, 2.64 in 2012, 2.35 in 2013, 2.38 in 2014. 2.25 in 2015 and 2.39 in 2016. The recorded figure shows that the ratio has increased in 2016 as compared to the year ago period, reflecting augmented financial health, although the same has decreased in comparison to the base period 2011. In addition to this, the average inventory turnover recorded for the 6 year period that stands at 2.49 is much below the industry average of 14. 35 thereby replicate an undesirable financial condition for the firm.
Inventory Turnover in Days: The inventory turnover in days enumerates the total number of days a business concern will take to marker all its inventories (Pirie et al., 2015). Essentially, this calculation reflects the liquidity of company’s inventory. In itself, shorter days implies that the firm can convert their inventory into cash in lesser time. Along the same time, it can be said the inventory of the firm is extraordinarily liquid and consequently flow of cash is also better. The inventory turnover in days for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C. is registered to be 125 in 2011, 138 in 2012, 156 in 2013, 154 in 2014, 162 in 2015 and 153 in 2016. The recorded figure for the same has declined in 2016 as compared to the year ago period 2016 though it has considerably increased gradually throughout the 6 year period and as compared to the base period 2011. Also, the average figure is recorded to be 147.81 that are much higher than the figure for industry average. Thus, it can be said that this replicates an unfavourable financial condition of the firm
Accounts Receivable Turnover in Days
Operating Cycle: Operating cycle refers to the total amount of time a business concern expends between operating actions of spending money and collecting money from the same operating action (Ehiedu, 2014). Essentially, operating cycle often concentrates on the purchase as well as asset sale. It can be hereby mentioned that longer operating cycle implies that current assets of the firm are not converted into cash fast. This means that the company has not collected cash from their customers in a quick manner. The operating cycle for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C. is recorded to be 229 in 2011, 253 in 2012, 263 in 2013, 233 in 2014, 244 in 2015 and 241 in 2016. Operating cycle shows an upward trend since the period 2011 although it dipped down in 2014 in comparison to the year ago period. The operating cycle decreased during the period 2016 in comparison to the figure registered during 2015, however, the same has increased considerably in comparison to the base period 2011. In addition to this, the average figure is recorded to be 243.57 that is way below the industry average of 328.47, reflecting a favourable financial situation for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C..
Working Capital ratio: Working capital also known as net working capital is necessarily a liquidity ratio that enumerates capability of a firm to repay all their current liabilities utilizing their current assets. This is enumerated by subtracting the firm’s current liabilities from the registered current assets of then firm. In essence, firm’s creditors want companies to produce adequate income/earnings, cash as well as receivables for paying the firm’s current obligations as only they necessarily become due (Ehiedu, 2014). Particularly, this reflects the liquidity condition of the firm. The working capital ratio for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company P.S.C. is recorded to be 517.94 in 2011, 580.80 in 2012, 526.37 in 2013, 529.22 in 2014, 494.26 in 2015 and 412.29 in 2016. The registered figure shows that working capital has decreased during the period 2014 as compared to the base period of 2011 as well as in comparison to the year ago period. However, the average of the 6 year period is recorded to be 510.15 that is much below the industry average registered to be 867.88, reflecting an unfavourable financial condition for the firm.
Current Ratio: Current ratio also referred to as liquidity ratio necessarily enumerates capability of a corporation to repay the liabilities of the firm during the short term using the current assets (Cortesi et al., 2015). Essentially, a higher current ration can be considered to be desirable than a lower one as this reflects that the company can easily make current debt payments. The current ratio for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company is recorded to be 6.61 in 2011, 6.07 in 2012, 4.95 in 2013, 3.89 in 2014, 4.49 in 2015 and 4.02 in 2016. The recorded figures reflect that the current ratio of the firm has declined throughout the period 2011 to 2016. Again, the average for the 6 year period is observed to be 5.01 that are much higher than the industry average of 2.60, replicating a favourable financial health in terms of liquidity.
Day’s Sales in Inventory
Acid-Test Ratio: Acid test ratio refers to a liquidity ratio that enumerates capability of a firm to repay current liabilities at the time when they become outstanding with only quick assets (Cortesi et al., 2015). The acid test ratio is calculated to be 4.19 in 2011, 3.99 in 2012, 3.04 in 2013, 2.53 in 2014, 3.02 in 2015 and 2.68 in 2016. The acid test ratio shows a downward trajectory during the period 2011 to 2016. This can be regarded as an unfavourable sign as higher acid test ratio are more desirable for firms as it reflects there are comparatively quick assets in comparison to the firm’s current liabilities. However, the average for the 6 year period is recorded to be 3.24 that are higher than the industry average of 2.52. Thus, it can be hereby mentioned that liquidity condition is stable in comparison to the industry.
Cash Ratio: The cash ratio or else the cash coverage ratio are necessarily a liquidity ratio that enumerates capability of a firm to disburse current liabilities with particularly cash along with cash equivalents. The cash ratio of 1 refers to the fact that company has equal amount of cash as well as cash equivalents since it has current debt (Titman et al., 2017). As such, it means that in a bid to repay the current debt, the firm would use all the cash along with equivalents. A higher cash ratio implies that the firm has higher liquidity and can easily finance its debt. The cash ratio was recorded to be 0.70 in 2011, 1.10 in 2012, 0.52 in 2013, 0.65 in 2014, 1.56 in 2015 and 1.22 in 2016. The cash ratio has increased in 2016 as compared to the base period 2011. Also, the average for the 6 year period is recorded to be 0.96 that is higher than industrial average of 0.55. Therefore, in terms of cash ratio it can be hereby inferred that the liquidity position of the firm has improved for the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company.
Sales to Working Capital: The sales to working capital ratio can be enumerated by way of dividing annualized net sales by particularly mean working capital. This normally takes a specific amount of invested cash in order to maintain total sales. The sales to working capital ratio is recorded to be 1.16 in 2011, 1.11 in 2012, 1.13 in 2013, 1.34 in 2014, 1.20 in 2015 and 1.24 in 2016. However, sales to working capital ratio have increased during the period 2016 in comparison to the base year 2011. Essentially, the average for the 6 year period is registered to be 1.20 that is lower than the industrial average of 2.90, indicating an unfavourable liquidity condition. Spike in the ratio might indicate increase in grants by the company to enhance the sales figure or a decision to maintain higher inventory (Titman et al., 2017).
As rightly indicated by (), long term debt shall have a maturity of over and above one year. In essence, this can range between two years, five years, 10 year else wise thirty years. The figures recorded during 2012 that shows a negative figure shows overdue, while the positive ratio replicates the current fraction of the firm’s long term debt that is due within a specific period. This has increased over the period 2011 to 2016 and the average figure for the firm is also higher than the industrial average of 0.52 Ehiedu, V. C. (2014).
The sales figure of the firm NCC-Gulf Cement Company is recorded to be 603 in 2011, 607 in 2012, 625 in 2013, 708 in 2014, 612 in 2015 and 561 in 2016. The sales figure shows an upward trajectory till the period 2014 and thereafter it dipped down during the following two years. The net sales of the firm have declined during the period 2016 as compared to the base year period 2011, signifying an unfavourable financial condition for the firm. Again, the net income of the firm is recorded to be -55 in 2011, -7 in 2012, 69 in 2013, 61 in 2014, 71 in 2015 and 50 in 2016. Based on the recorded figure it can be said that the net income of the firm has improved considerably in 2016 as compared to the base period 2011 that registered a negative figure, reflecting improved financial condition. However, the same has declined during 2016 as compared to the year ago that is during 2015, reflecting an undesirable situation in 2016. Again, based on the enumerated values of the ratio it can be said that the financial performance of the firm has improved in terms of liquidity and is at a healthy condition, although there are certain concerns regarding management of inventory.
References
Cortesi, A., Tettamanzi, P., Scaccabarozzi, U., Spertini, I., & Castoldi, S. (2015). Advanced Financial Accounting: Financial Statement Analysis–Accounting Issues–Group Accounts. EGEA spa.
Ehiedu, V. C. (2014). The impact of liquidity on profitability of some selected companies: The financial statement analysis (FSA) approach. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(5), 81-90.
Mohanram, P., Saiy, S., & Vyas, D. (2017). Fundamental analysis of banks: the use of financial statement information to screen winners from losers. Review of Accounting Studies, 1-34.
Pirie, W. L., Broihahn, M. A., Robinson, T. R., & Henry, E. (2015). International Financial Statement Analysis Workbook.
Titman, S., Keown, A. J., & Martin, J. D. (2017). Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson.
Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2015). Financial & managerial accounting. John Wiley & Sons.
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