Forms of domestic violence
Question:
Discuss about the Domestic Violence for American Economic Journal.
Domestic violence has been one of the major issues plaguing the social life of the people in the society majorly due the fact that the general population is often affected. Domestic violence is in general an act of violence by a person related by blood or law to the victim (Bobonis et al. 2013). The concept of family and the cultural norms is deep seated in the minds of the general population. The major issues influencing the acculturation of the people in the society sometimes causes a number of different stringent measures being taken in the family which is one of the major cause of the domestic violence prevalent in the society.
By the concept of domestic violence it is a general trend among the people and the society to think about the violence on women, but it exists in the other forms and senses such as the violence against the children, elderly and the dependent family member who have special needs.
One of the major issues that is pointed out in the development of the psyche of the development of the domestic violence in the society is the fact that they have to focus on the different situational factors leading to the domestic violence.
Are the current mechanisms for sufferers of domestic violence sufficient?
The different data analyzed and scrutinized for the understanding of the different issues related to the domestic violence in the society is collected from the different literature collected from the different sources of the previously researched topics. The data collected is then analyzed ton understand the situation fully in the study.
The research is based on the secondary data collected from a number of different sources such as the different journals published on the topic of domestic violence. To understand the implications of the domestic violence on the people in the society is often affected by a number of different cultural aspects which have an influence on the overall development of the different individuals in the society.
The data analysis methods focus on the different methods based on the qualitative data collected in the research. The various data collected in the process is used in the process is often affected by the different factors such as the availability of the data and the overall information available in the data sources. The data collected in the process is qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis to underhand the results of the individual data sources and their implication in the domestic violence faced by the individuals in the society (Hanmer and Itzin 2013). The implications of the various social aspect related situations are often affected by the individuals’ social situation. This situations take into account the factors under which the individuals face domestic violence and are forced to live in the situations. The data was analyzed in the purview of the different information available about the domestic abuse of the people in the situation scenarios they are in and their various cultural background.
Factors influencing domestic violence
The case study based design and the study of the data helps in the formulation of the basic ideas regarding the various causes of the domestic violence in the families of the divergent cultural and ethnic backgrounds. The religious perspective of the domestic violence is also assimilated from the various studies available for a better understanding of the religious aspects playing an important role in the development of the family scenarios in the society (Fuchsel 2012). One of the major factors that can be analyzed in the overall discussion and the data collected from the case study is the effect of the domestic violence on the victims and the different acculturation scenarios which make an individual escape from a situation or accept it.
The studies from a number of sources shows that the domestic violence is often the result of the patriarchal behavior prevalent in the different families. The male dominance is often established by the use of the violence in the different families which has given the rise to the domestic violence in the society (Sultana 2012). One of the major factors affecting this belief in the majority of the society is the concept of the patriarchy which has strengthened itself through time making it tough for the individuals to outgrow themselves from the concept making the domestic violence an acceptable norm among the societies.
The situations relating to the domestic violence among the Kenyan families are strongly attributed to the promulgation of the different ideals among the male members of the society of the religious curbing and the control prevalent among them. There are a number of different issues presented by the societies in such scenarios because of the different situational positions. It is deeply cultured among the Kenyan youth that the domestic violence can be justified in the different scenarios in the case that it has a plausible cause. The physical supremacy given to the men in the society makes them tyrannical about the families in their society (Black 2017).
In a study by Katzensteina and Fontes (2017), the issues relating to the child sexual abuse among the Jewish families are highlighted making the under reporting of the child sexual abuse a major issues in the society. It is one of the most common problems in the society and is often overlooked due to the lack of discussion and importance being given to it. One of the major issues regarding this form of violence is that the victim is very much dependent on the perpetrator which causes one of the major issues of the dispersion of information. Moreover in orthodox religious families like the ones of the Jews this kept in the wraps and is exaggerating the issue.
Domestic violence is the practice affecting a major population of women in the United Kingdom society. In UK around 25% of the women are affected by domestic violence in one form or another (Ramsay et al. 2102). This leads to one of the major issues in the security and the wellbeing of the women in the UK society being highlighted. The various kinds of the violence that the women undergo in the country often affect their overall behaviors and the sense of social wellbeing in the society. It was also found that the prevalence of the domestic violence was higher among the women who were seeking health care. The sufferers of the chronic or the mental illness were seen as more prone to the domestic violence in the society. One of the major implications of this behavior was the fact that the women in the society was the lack or the primary healthcare professionals to indulge in communication regarding domestic violence with women who suffered it.
Current mechanisms for sufferers of domestic violence
According to Trevillion et al. (2012), men and women with the different kinds of mental disorders were subject to more percentage of domestic violence in their families. Although there is no considerable data about the gender based study of the prevalence of the different types of the violence in the societies. The study still ascertains the fact that the different mental disorder patients have a larger chance of facing domestic violence then the normal people who have no history of any mental disorder. Another major issue presented in the study is the vulnerability of the people to the domestic violence due to their overall dependence on the different family members due to their disability.
According to Hester (2013), men are not the sole perpetrators in the different domestic violence cases. In a study based in UK it was found that in some of the cases women came out to the sole perpetrators and the partners of the perpetrators in a number of different cases. The posing of the women as the main perpetrator of the domestic violence in a number of cases is making the situation tougher for the police to handle. The results of the research proposed that among the different types of violence in the society in general the identity of the perpetrators and the victims was gender asymmetrical but violence of men against women were more severe than the violence of women against men.
The issues related to the domestic violence in the different societies are often attributed to the social behavior. Despite this, there are a number of cases where the ethnicity the overall behavior and the situation of the person has major role to play in the person being the perpetrator or the victim of the domestic violence in the different societies. The different situational scenarios of the person that causes domestic violence in the society is the habit of people to show their dominance in the different relationships (Kiss et al. 2012). This is very well explicable in the different gender based issues faced by the different individuals in the society but the sexual violence among the children among some ethnic groups cannot be justified or the causal issues cannot be found due to the lack of the bankable data on the causes of such happenings.
The majority of the domestic violence that is prevalent in the society is majorly because of the mental conditions and the dependency of the individual on their family or the partners. The domestic violence is also seen as one of the major reasons of the people suffering from a number of anxiety disorders. It is seen among the different societies that the situations have an important role to play in domestic violence related problems in the different societies (Hester et al. 2012). There are a number of domestic violence cases where the perpetrators is saved because the family tries to cover up the issue and it is extremely prevalent in the different ethnic groups who tend to live in closed societies. The social acculturation of the individuals greatly affects the overall situational conditions of the different people undergoing domestic violence in the societies.
Religious perspective of domestic violence
It is also seen that the victims in most cases tend to stick to their batterer in the cases of domestic violence. This too might be a result of the different types of violence being faced by the people at home. In most cases the victims are afraid of further harms. Still, there are also scenarios where the people are affected by a number of different situations where the person is still believing that the perpetrator may change in the long term and the change may stop the person in being violent towards the victim but it reinforces the belief system among the individuals. The different victims believe that if they leave the abuser may cause them further harm or may harm their family members or close one (Yamawaki et al. 2012). One of the major problems in this overall condition is the fact that the different victims often do not stand up against the violence and this makes the perpetrators more dependent on the victims’ weakness to exploit them further. One of the major results of this overall situation is the fact that the different perpetrators of the crimes of domestic violence take advantage of this situation and exploit the situation of the victims.
Conclusion
Therefore, it is seen in the different culture and the ethnic groups that the perpetrators and the victims in the case of domestic violence are often shaped by the mores of the society. There are a number of different issues relating to the rise in the racial and the ethnic related issues aggravating the domestic violence in the different scenarios. There are a number of issues that present themselves in the understanding of the psychological implication of the domestic violence as the study finds that psychologically dependent people are prone to domestic violence and the domestic violence begets anxiety disorders among the victims. It is also seen in the study that the ethnic and the religious groups which have closed cultural bonds have a higher rate of domestic violence as the issue is not highlighted and often kept under wraps. One of the major problems to be overcome in the case of domestic violence is to make the victims speak out about it and moreover fight for themselves as it is seen that the people cannot help the victims unless they themselves choose to do so.
References
Black, J.W., 2017. Sex, abortion, domestic violence and other unmentionables: Orthodox Christian youth in Kenya and windows into their attitudes about sex. Religions, 8(5), p.73.
Bobonis, G.J., González-Brenes, M. and Castro, R., 2013. Public transfers and domestic violence: The roles of private information and spousal control. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(1), pp.179-205.
Fuchsel, C.L.M., 2012. The Catholic Church as a support for immigrant Mexican women living with domestic violence. Social work and Christianity, 39(1), p.66.
Hanmer, J. and Itzin, C., 2013. Home truths about domestic violence: Feminist influences on policy and practice-A reader. Routledge.
Hester, M., 2013. Who does what to whom? Gender and domestic violence perpetrators in English police records. European Journal of Criminology, 10(5), pp.623-637.
Hester, M., Williamson, E., Regan, L., Coulter, M., Chantler, K., Gangoli, G., Davenport, R. and Green, L., 2012. Exploring the service and support needs of male, lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and transgendered and black and other minority ethnic victims of domestic and sexual violence. Bristol: University of Bristol.
Katzenstein, D. and Fontes, L.A., 2017. Twice Silenced: The Underreporting of Child Sexual Abuse in Orthodox Jewish Communities. Journal of child sexual abuse, 26(6), pp.752-767.
Kiss, L., Schraiber, L.B., Heise, L., Zimmerman, C., Gouveia, N. and Watts, C., 2012. Gender-based violence and socioeconomic inequalities: Does living in more deprived neighbourhoods increase women’s risk of intimate partner violence?. Social Science & Medicine, 74(8), pp.1172-1179.
Ramsay, J., Rutterford, C., Gregory, A., Dunne, D., Eldridge, S., Sharp, D. and Feder, G., 2012. Domestic violence: knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practice of selected UK primary healthcare clinicians. Br J Gen Pract, 62(602), pp.e647-e655.
Sultana, A., 2012. Patriarchy and Women s Subordination: A Theoretical Analysis. Arts Faculty Journal, 4, pp.1-18.
Trevillion, K., Oram, S., Feder, G. and Howard, L.M., 2012. Experiences of domestic violence and mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 7(12), p.e51740.
Yamawaki, N., Ochoa-Shipp, M., Pulsipher, C., Harlos, A. and Swindler, S., 2012. Perceptions of domestic violence: The effects of domestic violence myths, victim’s relationship with her abuser, and the decision to return to her abuser. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(16), pp.3195-3212.
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