The Role of Color in Business
Discussb about the Impact Of Color Type Of The Paper, In Performance.
The studies of colors have been frequent in the field of business to identify the colors that can capture the attention of clients to buy goods and services. In branding and purchase of goods color play very important role. For instance, ninety percent of comments made about products by clients are based on color (Ciotti, G.2016). As result, many researchers have concentrated their investigation on colors with regard to business, yet color affects education. Color plays a key role in creating an environment that foster learning (Gutienrrez, K.2016 2nd p).Color has been overlooked by learning institutions also for so long yet it affects learning both negatively and positively. Every color has a specific wavelength that affects the brain of learners in different ways. When color is transmitted to human eyes, a hormone which affects mental clarity is produced by the brain ( Englebrecht, K.2003).However how brain process color is very complex that is beyond the scope of this study.
Correct selection of write color can seriously affect attention and behavior of learners. Colors affect comprehension (Plass, J.2014).Howard argued that different color impact learning In different ways, red color encourage learning activity, green reduce stress while blue encourage concentration (2005).Red color enhance accuracy while blue color foster creativity (Belluck, P.2009).In contrary red color undermine the performance as it evokes avoidance tendency that hampers concentration(Weiten, W.2012). Additionally a study by Weller and Livingstone to investigate the emotional reaction of colors (white, pink and blue) found that pink color produces the less emotional reaction (Malnar, J, and Vodvarka, F.2004). Despite the existence of evidence how color may impact learning there are still conflicting perception surrounding color. For example, color relates to individual preference, thus does not affect learning (De, N, lyoni, G and Arthur Kelly, M 2017). Different researchers argued differently about how color type impact learning. However, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of color in performance on a comprehension test among students whose question sheet had the following colors: pink, green and white.
Participants
Ninety-eight students voluntarily participated in the experiment during the tutorial. The age bracket of the students was between seventeen and twenty-five (17-47).The studies were conducted as a class activity during the tutorial. The gender of the participants was considered (they were both males and females participants).
Participant’s Age Distribution
NB group A represent participant who received ‘pink’ question sheets, Group B represent participant that received ‘green’ question sheet and finally Group C represent participant that received ‘white’ question sheet. SD means standard deviation.
Design
The experiment was to compare the performance of the participant in a comprehension task produced in different colors. The color of the papers was green, pink and white. It focuses on the color type of the paper in performance task. The independent variable (IV) of the experiment was the color type of the paper while dependent variable (DV) was the performance of a participant in comprehension test.
The Role of Color in Learning and Education
Material
Question papers with same questions, but of different colors namely: pink, green and pink, pens, stopwatch, record sheet for data collection and calculator to compute the result.
Ninety-eight students voluntarily participated in the study. Frisking was conducted to ensure no participant accesses exam room with the electronic device (phone) or written material that would favor him an exam. This was to ensure the result of the experiment was not compromised and to enhance the conducive environment for conducting the study. The participants were arranged in a line. Ninety-eight (98) question papers of comprehension were distributed randomly among the participant. Thirty-four (34) students received pink question papers, thirty-two (32) received green question papers and thirty-two (32) received white question paper. The distance between the participants (students) was big enough to produce the conducive environment for doing the exam and provided with question paper of different colors. The participants (students) were condition to answer the entire question and desist from exam irregularities. The total marks of the comprehension task were marked out of ‘ten’ (10), the duration of an exam was timed and all students advised to stop immediately the time of exams (test) elapse.
The number of students who received pink color of the paper was considered as group A, and the number of students who received green question paper was considered as group B, and finally the number of students who received white question paper was referred to as group C. the means score and standard deviation of each group was to be computed immediately after marking comprehension task.
The means score, standard deviation and total means score for each group were computed and analyzed.
Findings of the Study(experiment)
The high mean score means high score. Group B students (the participant who used green question paper) registered high means score as compared to the student who had white and pink question sheet. That means that most participants who received green question paper scored high marks in the test. The studies suggest that color has an effect on the performance of the student. The same trend was also consistent with the standard deviation result. However, the result of the standard of standard deviation was not considered since it depends on the number of the participant yet the number of the participant in each group was not equal. Therefore its inclusion in finalizing the outcome of the result of the study would compromise the hypothesis of the experiment.
Impact of color and its role on academic achievement has been the great concern to both educational experts and psychologist. Despite the existence concern, the research on impacts of color in learning has been insufficient. The findings of the experiment found that the hypothesis which states that: color type impact performance of learners was true. The evaluation of the outcome reveals that green color support learning effectively as compared to white and pink. This was evidence of group B participant that registered high means score of 7.0625 that was close to ten that was the apex of the means score. Green color evoked the sense of nature (calmness) that boosts efficiency and focus and it is the best color to lengthen concentration of student (Psychologist, 2017). Gutierrez, K. argued that green color provide a restorative experience that boosts mental resources of leaners(2016) and further suggests that green color restore leaners concentration with compliance material. White color reflects a lot of light on the eye that hampers concentration. Research conducted by Yamazaki and Eto on the effect of background color (blue and white) on the brain function. White color registered low average score compared to blue color ( Tweedale, J, and Jain, L.2012). In contrary to what was reported with.
The Impact of Color on Academic Achievement
Students react to colors differently. For instance, students with learning disabilities such as attention deficit and autism are more sensitive to color as compared to normal students. This is heightened by their ability of strong visual processing power and heightened sensory response. Among the participant, such student with such abilities was not identified and they could be the ones who perform well in the test, thus compromise the hypothesis which states that green color impacts learning by encouraging high performance
All colors were not included in the study as numerous researchers argued differently how color impact the performance of learners. For instance, a study by Sinclair discovered that students pursuing accounting course registered high marks when the question sheet was blue in color than when the question paper was printed on red color (Aaron, M .2014).In addition blue color foster productivity and the best color for challenging learning situations (Psychologist 2017)
Another limitation, the test was only carried out on one subject (English) yet the students have different abilities in the different subject. For instance, some students are good at solving mathematics problems and poor in language yet they were included in the test. They could be ones who registered low marks in each group. In addition, another disadvantage of this study would be the participants were adult learners, yet the study was not specifically for adult learners (students) but it applies to all learners regardless of the level of education. As result better sample that represented population could have been considered for the experiment.
Conclusion
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of color on the performance of learners using pink, green and white colors. Participants who received green question sheet exhibited high performance that was affirmed after analysis of the outcome thus green color impacts learning more positively compared to white and pink color that registered low performance in a comprehension task respectively. However, the existence of the discrepancy in the performance, the difference in performance in both white and pink color sheets was very minimal (0.28085) that they can be deduced jointly that they are low in fostering performance.
From the result above, one can conclude that improvement in performance of leaners cannot be only achieved by changing teaching methods, reading the variety of books, attending lessons regularly and so on, but it can also be achieved by just simply changing the color of question sheet that you used to administer exams. Therefore educational experts and psychologist should incorporate color in their effort to improve the learning outcomes. The experiment proved that color of learning materials can positively impact the performance of the learners. In addition, in future, I can expect to see numerous researchers that will do a lot of studies to find ways to improve the performance of students. This was further affirmed by the research by Gilavand and Hosseinpour (2016) that conducted a study to investigate the effect of color on the performance and proved that color impact learning. Above all this topic required more investigation
References
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Ciotti, G.2016.The Psychology of Color in Marketing and Branding,[Online].[Updated April 13,2016].Available at<https:// www.entrepreneur.com.[Accesssed 15 April 2018].
De, N. J., Lyons, G., & Arthur-Kelly, M. (2017). Positive learning environments: Creating and maintaining productive classrooms.
Engelbrecht, K. (2003). The impact of color on learning. Chicago, IL: Perkins & Will.
Gilavand, A., & Hosseinpour, M. (2016). Investigating the Impact of educational spaces painted on learning and educational achievement of elementary students in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. International Journal of Pediatrics, 4(2), 1387-1396.
Gutierrez, K.2016. The psychology of color. [Online].[updated 10,MAR2016].available at<https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/how-do-colors-influence-learning.[accssed 15 April 2018]
Howard, C. (2005). Encyclopedia of distance learning.
Malnar, J. M., & Vodvarka, F. (2004). Sensory design. Minneapolis [u.a.: Univ. of Minnesota Press.
Marcus, A. (n.d.). Design, User Experience, and Usability. User Experience Design for Everyday Life Applications and Services [recurso electrónico]: Third International Conference, DUXU 2014, Held as Part of HCI International 2014, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, June 22-27, 2014, Proceedings, Part III.
Plass, J. L., Heidig, S., Hayward, E. O., Homer, B. D., & Um, E. (2014). Emotional design in multimedia learning: Effects of shape and color on affect and learning. Learning and Instruction, 29, 128-140.
Psychologist,2017. How color affect students learning.[Online]. [Updated Oct 23. 2017]. Available at<https://www.mathgiraffe.com/blog/how-color-affects-student-learning [ Accessed 15 April 2018]
Tweedale, J. W., & Jain, L. C. (n.d.). Advanced Techniques for Knowledge Engineering and Innovative Applications [recurso electrónico]: 16th International Conference, KES 2012, San Sebastian, Spain, September 10-12, 2012, Revised Selected Papers.
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