The Concept of Australia’s Two-Tier Welfare State
The paper is constructed to discuss the argument put forward by the Jamrozik (2009) that Australia has a two-tier welfare state. There are several claims as some consider it to be a two tier [hyphenated] welfare state and some do not agree with this concept. Both the ideologies [Which ideologies? You have not nominated any as yet. You cannot say they will be discussed if not nominated] are discussed with the help of empirical studies. The two-tiered welfare state and neoliberalism are also explained with the help of past studies [This is to general. You need to provide specifics]. The health policy presented by the government [Which government? There have been 47 in Australia] is considered to be very effective and is discussed through the concept of neoliberalism. Dean, this is an extremely minimalist introduction. It needs a lot of work. I would like to see how you are going to approach your discussion. This can be highlighted by outlining the key points you are going to argue or discuss. Importantly, an introduction should be around 10% of the allocated words for the assessment. This would make an introduction for this assessment task approximately 200 words. The following link will provide you with some information on how to write your introduction: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgCujqVW-8E
See my comments about headings in your first assignment. They do not add to a critical discussion because it is not possible to synthesise the discussion. Jamrozik claims that Australia is a two-tier welfare state because the current situation of the country is similar to that of the two tier state [Reference]. It is claimed that the welfare state is more beneficial for the middle class because it has become a new source to provide them with different benefits and also views some exclusions from the lower class [When you make a claim or statement such as this, you need to support it with a reference]. The welfare state is different and is criticised as a welfare state due to being biased and not bringing equality for the citizens of the country [This does not make sense. A welfare state is about providing for the disadvantaged. One need investigate the difference between equality and equity. This is a trap many get confused with. When politicians talk about equality it usually comes at the expense of equity]. One of the welfare policy [policies?] of Australia is to give a specific minimum amount of income to individuals and families [this contributes to equity not equality because if it was equality all would get it.]. The income given to each individual is equal regardless of their financial status. This policy is bias as some people who might need a little to fulfill their basic necessities avail more from the government and those who might require more receive less. Those who receive more compared to their financial status are being unjust because the extra money could be used to help others. The citizens who are receiving this welfare benefit are not to be blamed but the welfare policymakers are to be held responsible for this act. Australia in its current state is rightly claimed to be a two-tiered welfare state because the welfare policies are biased and these policies can be deemed as favouring those who already have a sufficient financial status and are able to take care of their needs comfortably. It is claimed that this situation in the country makes the welfare system of the country a two tiered welfare state (Jamrozik and Nocella, 1998). A couple of things Dean. Firstly, you need to provide definitions for the key concepts before you begin your discussion. This means a definition of a social policy, neoliberalism, the two-tiered state and health care in Australia. Secondly, in the above you seem to be constructing a critical discussion on social welfare. This is the issue with headings. One tends to silo the discussion and gets locked in on a pathway. Best not to have headings. They belong in reports not essays.
Neoliberalism and Health Policy
On the contrary, it is also claimed that it is not correct to term the welfare system of the country as a two tiered state because the welfare system is not biased and is free from corruption [you need to develop your logic for the discussion. This is done with the topic (first) sentence of each paragraph. The first sentence should always address your key point. In this essay it is health.]. A particular amount is provided to those citizens who are struggling financially and need help from the government to take care of their needs. If such policies are eliminated from the welfare policies then it will give rise to misconduct and a rise in poverty will be visible on the streets. It is also claimed that the authority is vigilant on the act of those citizens who take welfare benefits and not only provide them with incentives but also help them in finding jobs so that they can earn a living for themselves (Orloff, 2014). Best not to ‘tag’ a reference on at the end of a paragraph. The last sentence of a paragraph should be a linking sentence.
The welfare system [You are still talking about the welfare system. You need to move on. Health policy is the topic] of the country is developed to provide its citizens the best standard of agreed social service without any differentiation of class and status. As discussed earlier there are different levels of poverty and all those who require financial support or incentives from the government should be processed on a means basis system to be fair across the board [What has this to do with the influence of neoliberalism on health policy?]. The needs of some citizens are more than that of others. All citizens who take this financial and social help from the government of Australia are not completely entitled to it because some have sufficient resources to serve themselves. This additional help from the government shows that a two-tiered welfare system in the country which provides more benefits to citizens who are already financially stable. Another view regarding this welfare policy is that once the government has agreed to provide a particular service to the citizens then at the time of agreeing to the welfare service the government must review the report of the citizen who requires such social services and upon investigation and analysis, the government might agree to give the citizen their welfare right (Carney, 2014).
Social Policy and Poverty in Australia
[You need to have a clear space between paragraphs]The welfare policy in the two-tiered welfare state is narrowed down to the insecurities of the individuals and the families ability to meet the criteria of social contingency like old age, sickness, disability, and unemployment [This sentence has numerous topics in it. You need to be discussing only one – health care policy]. Those individuals and families that have these problems and issues are considered to be more eligible for such social welfare privileges but if the individuals or the families do not lie in this category then they are less likely to be able to claim certain benefits. If a sick, disabled or an old person is rich and has the capability to take care of their basic needs because of sufficient resources, even with the narrowing down of the criteria they are able to enjoy the welfare benefits from the government of Australia. The families where a person is working but does not earn sufficient resources to meet the basic needs of the entire family is not eligible for the welfare benefits because of these policies. These policies are for the favour of a particular class and are not based on justice and equality, therefore, the welfare system of Australia is claimed to be a two tiered welfare state (Atal and Bar, 2014). You have some discussion in this section about being sick but nothing on any health policy or neoliberalism.
You seem to have extensively covered the two-tiered state in the above. The welfare system that emerged over the two decades from the 1960s to the 1980s is known as the two tier welfare state [This is not correct. The two-teired system began to emerge after the Howard Coalition began to privatise social policies such as health care. He privatised along the ideologies of neoliberalism many components of Medicare. As a direct result of this only certain services were available to lower income people. Other services such as most dental were only accessible as a user pays system. This also included the pharmaceutical schemes] The main feature of the two-tier welfare state is that it showers valuable benefits to the middle class and allows them to be in an advantageous position in the free market economy [This is inaccurate and a very generalised statement. You need to research it further. Any form of means testing separates those who need a service from those who can afford it. The issues lay with certain government policy]. The benefits that are provided to these citizens are mainly basic necessities that are given to both working and non-working classes. But these benefits are not randomly given, as the authority keeps a strict check and surveillance in order to avoid any kind of fraudulent claims on the state (McClelland and Smyth, 2006).
A “welfare state” is a state in which composed power is purposely utilized as a part of a push to change the play of market powers in no less than three headings – initially, by ensuring individuals and families a base salary regardless of the advertiser estimation of their work or their property; second, the welfare policy in the two tiered welfare state is narrowed down to the insecurities of the individuals and families that they should meet the criteria of the social contingency like old age, sickness, disability, and unemployment; and third, by guaranteeing that all nationals without qualification of status or class are offered the best benchmarks accessible in connection to a specific concurred scope of social administrations (McClelland and Smyth, 2006). This is one incredibly long sentence. It needs to be structured correctly. A topic sentence. Supporting evidence sentences and a concluding or linking sentence.
The main significant element of the welfare state was government responsibility regarding keeping up elevated amounts of work, combined with work showcase control in the type of lowest wages, hours of work, and damage protection, to diminish abuse also, guarantee adequate work supply [Simplify this sentence]. Accepting essential financial significance after World War II was the quest for worldwide financial strength, subordinate upon effective usage of total request approaches to encourage full business, value strength, and worldwide exchange and fund. Some of the views of this types of welfare policies claim that these policies are made by a group of those individuals who have not experienced poverty first hand, therefore, the policies they have made have several loopholes. Moreover, the benefits that are provided in this type of welfare system are not distributed equally according to the level of poverty of the people (Jamrozik and Nocella, 1998). The above really does not make any sense. I have to question whether you have re-read your work.
Neoliberalism (Health Policy) Neoliberalism Is Not Health Policy:
Neoliberalism means free from government interventions [No that is not what it means]. In this, reasons are given to justify the views about limiting the government towards the market. In Australia, the neoliberal worldview is accepted to genuinely influence outright the dominant part of contemporary changes [Meaning?]. Fairbrother indicated that neoliberal monetary approaches were received and actualized by the governments under the supervision and administration of Hawke from the period of 1983 to 1991, which was taken further by Keating from the year 1991 to 1996, and are clear and also available in the Howard driven Coalition [Reference your information]. Outline and usage of the changes in the social policy framework are impacted fundamentally by the pattern of neoliberalism that is followed worldwide. The neoliberalism ideology has developed an idea that the requirement of the state is effectiveness whereas, the private markets are more cost-effective and buyer cordial [Reference]. The part of unregulated markets as well as the negligible welfare system with the government is restricted and is also underlined through the concept of Neoliberalism so that it does not have negative impacts on market powers, well-being and social welfare [This in not correct. It may be an economists’ argument but it has impacted social policy significantly in Australia. There is empirical evidence of this in homelessness, social well-being (mental health), and the cost of utilities (gas, fuel and electricity] The essence of neoliberal social insurance renewal has taken a toll cutting, which means that the decentralization of the neighbourhood or provincial levels as opposed to the national levels (Horton, 2007). This last sentence does not make sense.
The Australian human service framework includes the wordings that are outlined by neoliberal reasoning that are helpful in winning the discourses [What does this mean?]. These wordings are deficiency cutting, client pay expenses, declining welfare state, intensity, disintegration of social insurance, wasteful aspects, disassembling, free markets, scaling down, terminations, certainty, spending cuts, slashing administrations, de-protected, revenue driven medicinal services, raising costs, being compelled to settle on troublesome strategy decisions, heartbreaking necessities and legitimate penances (Horton, 2007 This paper argues the impact of neoliberalism on identity). This is not a sentence.
From one viewpoint, this wonder of ‘well-being consumerism’ recommends an assortment of techniques for interest at various levels, for example, basic leadership, characterizing needs and assessing results and additionally being an open responsible framework. Be that as it may, the downsides are exceptionally basic as well: subsequently, the patient buyer may, indeed, be a myth in light of the fact that the ‘… shopper show [as such] does not fit well into social insurance’. The expression “shopper” additionally neglects to feature disparities between different social gatherings since patients, not at all like buyers, don’t have any huge power with regards to impacting choices made in connection to human services. In a comparable vein, Rob Irvine affirms that the use of consumerism for those accepting well-being administrations is not suitable ‘in light of the fact that it neglects to portray precisely the real conduct of patients in the solid setting of the healing center, the facility or the expert’s surgery (Feo, 2008).
At the primary look, these discoveries genuinely undermine the apparently sensible supposition that the essential premises of neoliberalism fall apart the arrangement of social insurance. As a general rule, the flow condition of research does not take into account making any conclusions in such manner. Right off the bat, there is lacking exploration accessible to completely comprehend the connection between social insurance and the kind of financial framework. Besides, in spite of the built up arrangement of the Australian economy as neoliberal, a few creators still express worries that this order might be off base (Feo, 2008).
Conclusion:
It is concluded that the welfare system that was transformed and developed in the decades of 1960s and 1980s is acquired in Australia. The argument of Jamrozik is correct as currently the welfare system of Australia can be called a two tiered welfare system. The welfare system policies that are developed by the authority are like every other thing having its own pros and cons. The concept of neoliberalism is also explained and is discussed with regards to the health care policies in Australia. It is noted that to some extent the involvement of government is important but there are certain areas where the ideology of neoliberalism should prevail.
References:
Dean, in your first assignment I asked you to reference in the correct Harvard style. You need to obtain a copy of that manual and use it for your references. It can be obtained as a PDF from the library web site. I suggest you use it.
Incorrectly cited. I gave you an example of how to cite a journal in your last paper. Atal, V. and Bar, T., 2014. Patent Quality and a Two?Tiered Patent System. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 62(3), pp.503-540.
Incorrectly cited Carney, T., 2014. Where Now Australia’s Welfare State?
Feo, O., 2008. Neoliberal policies and their impact on public health education: observations on the Venezuelan experience. Social Medicine, 3(4), pp.223-231.
Horton, E.S., 2007. Neoliberalism and the Australian healthcare system (factory).
Jamrozik, A. and Nocella, L., 1998. The sociology of social problems: Theoretical perspectives and methods of intervention. Cambridge University Press.
McClelland, A. and Smyth, P., 2006. Social policy in Australia: Understanding for action.
Incorrectly cited Orloff, A.S., 2014. Gendering the analysis of welfare states. Public Rights, Public Rules: Constituting Citizens in the World Polity and National Policy, p.239.
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