Communication Methods and Processes for the Project
The following table provides an insight into the communication methods, techniques and processes that would be utilized in the project:
Stakeholder |
Communication need |
Communication medium |
Frequency of communication |
Project Manager (contractor side) |
Information regarding the progress of the project (Schwalbe 2015). |
Formal meetings and report presentations |
Once in each fortnight |
Contracts Administrator |
Changes/ variations in the contract |
Formal meetings, official mails |
As and when required |
Site Engineer |
1.Issues or problems encountered on the site 2. Progress made at site (Kerzner 2013). |
Formal and informal meetings, mails |
-Do- |
Site Foreman |
1.Issues or problems encountered on the site 2. Progress made at site |
Formal and informal meetings, mails |
-Do- |
Accounts Clerk |
Budgetary requirements and/ or payments to be made to the contractor |
Formal and informal meetings, mails |
-Do- |
Superintendent |
1. Changes/ variations to be included 2. Payments to b made |
Formal meetings, official mails |
-Do- |
design engineer |
Design issues experienced at the project site |
Formal and informal meetings, mails |
-Do- |
local tennis club |
Information regarding the progress of the project |
Formal meetings (Kerzner 2013). |
-Do- |
Community leader; |
Information regarding the progress of the project |
Formal meetings |
-Do- |
Council Member |
Information regarding the progress of the project (Schwalbe 2015). |
Formal meetings |
-Do- |
Project Risk
The following risks are associated with the project under consideration:
Project Risk |
Probability |
Impact |
Lack of budget (Marcelino-Sádaba e al. 2014) |
medium |
High |
Changes in scope of project |
medium |
High |
Error in budgeting |
medium |
medium |
Error in scheduling |
medium |
medium |
Delays made by vendors in supplying raw materials |
High |
High |
Quality materials not supplied |
Low |
High |
Construction work not completed according to quality standards (Lock 2014). |
Low |
High |
Lac of skilled resources |
medium |
medium |
Permissions not granted by government officials |
Low |
High |
Answer a
The communication procedure for the effective processing of all progress payments on a monthly basis has been outline in the section below:
Step 1: The progress claims to be made for the project has to be submitted to the superintendent : the written reports much include the details of the WUC done and other due payments (Waddell 2015).
Step 2: Within 14 days of receiving the progress report, the superintendent would issue the following to the principle and contractor: a progress certificate, a certificate containing the evidences of the assessments made by the superintendent himself regarding the retention of money and due amounts.
Step 3: The Principal, within 7 days of receiving the certificates, would essentially pay the amount mentioned in the certificate, after deducting the retention amount and/ or other set offs mentioned in the certificate.
The Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002, which is also known as the SOP Act has been put into force with the sole aim of ensuring that all project personnel associated with the construction industry gets paid in an appropriate manner (Wong, Wang and Do 2014). Thus it can be said that the same allows the contractors to receive their payment, as mentioned in the contracts, without the involvement of any legal board or advisory.
Answer b
Clause 8.1 of the AS 4000 indicates that any discrepancies (noticed by either of the parties) in the documents prepared for the construction work, would have to be reported to the Superintendent in writing. The clause also states that if the contractor has to incur more constructional cost due to the discrepancies in the original plans and documents, the same would first be assessed by the Superintend and then added to the contract sum (Whyte and Donaldson 2015).
Additional claims for the errors and ambiguities in the documents were made in accordance to this particular clause.
Answer c
Clause 8.1 of the AS 4000 indicates that the Contractor is not allowed to include any variation in the WUC except the same being requested formally (in writing) by the client (Finnie 2013). However, the Superintendent has the right to direct certain variations to the contractor before the date of practical completion o the project, provided the variations belong to the following types:
- changes like decrease, increase and/ or variation in any part.
- changes in the quality of the work
- changes in the dimension of work and
- carrying out additional work
Project Risks Associated with the Construction Project
Since the client has requested the contractor redesign the seats, the variation essentially falls under those mentioned in this particular clause. Therefore, claims have been made in accordance to the same.
Answer d
The identification of the object of antiquity and the removal of the same was not included in the WUC originally provided to the contractor: thus, this particular activity has been considered as a variation to the WUC and additional charges has been made according to clause 8.1 (Gutierrez et al. 2013).
The Superintendent had dealt with the charges for additional time and work in accordance to clause 25.2.
Answer e
The use of stainless steel bolts instead of galvanized iron bolts, although recommended by the contractor himself, is essentially variation or change in the quality of work to be conducted. Thus, as indicated in clause Clause 8.1 of the AS 4000, the Superintendent would have to provide written instructions to contractor regarding the same, after which the later might proceed with the work (Ward . and Jefferies 2014).
BAC: |
estimated project cost |
= |
640 |
AUD in thousands |
PV at the end of 6th month: |
task’s budget at completion (BAC) — the total amount budgeted for the task |
= |
-200 |
AUD in thousands |
EV at the end of 6th month: |
Earned Value = % of completed work X BAC |
= |
1693.125 |
AUD in thousands |
AC at the end of 6th month: |
actual cost of the project |
= |
840 |
AUD in thousands |
SV at the end of 6th month: |
EV – PV |
= |
1893.125 |
AUD in thousands |
CV at the end of 6th month: |
Earned Value – Actual Cost |
= |
853.125 |
AUD in thousands |
SPI at the end of 6th month: |
EV/PV |
= |
-8.465625 |
|
CVI at the end of 6th month: |
EV/AC |
= |
2.015625 |
Question 3 b
EAC of project, if CPI is expected to be the same for the remainder of the project : |
EAC = BAC/CPI |
== |
317.51938 |
AUD in thousands |
EAC of project, future work will be accomplished at the planned rate: |
EAC=AC |
== |
840 |
AUD in thousands |
EAC of project, If both the CPI and SPI influence the remaining work : |
EAC = AC + [(BAC-EV) /CPI*SPI] |
== |
790.772189 |
AUD in thousands |
Question 4
To……
Dear Mr. John Doe
The progress made in the project up till the end of the sixth month has been outlined in the section below.
In the very early phase of the project, several errors and discrepancies have been identified in the project plan, which had eventually led to the re-development of designs even before the actual construction work could start. While an estimated additional amount of $10,000 would be charged for the same, efforts are being directed towards completing the project within the predetermined time.
The progress of the project has been set back by a many as 14 days as an object of antiquity has been uncovered during the excavation period . The removal of this object has incurred an additional cost of $100,000 . Besides this, during the third month of the project, we were requested t o change the materials to be used for developing the seating facilities at the pavilion. As we had already ordered the same from our vendor, an additional cost of $100,000 has been incurred.
Owing to the set back during the excavation period only 40 percent of the original work has been completed in the last 6 months. The following table has been included in the report so as to highlight the expenditure profile of the project.
Table: Expenditure profile of the project, all values in thousand AUSD
Work |
Month 1 |
Month 2 |
Month 3 |
Month 4 |
Month 5 |
Month 6 |
Month 7 |
Month 8 |
Month 9 |
Month 10 |
Month 11 |
Month 12 |
Planned |
50 |
100 |
120 |
120 |
120 |
130 |
130 |
130 |
120 |
120 |
100 |
50 |
Actual |
60 |
150 |
250 |
120 |
130 |
130 |
Estimation of VOWD: |
|||||||
Particulars |
Total Quantity |
% of Completion |
Qty. Applied |
Rate |
Amount (USD) |
Exchange Rate |
Amount (AUD) |
Delivery of Pipes: |
|||||||
Upto 3rd Month |
10000 |
30% |
3000 |
300 |
900000 |
0.75 |
1200000 |
In the 4th Month |
10000 |
10% |
1000 |
300 |
300000 |
0.75 |
400000 |
Total Delivery of Pipes |
10000 |
40% |
4000 |
1200000 |
1600000 |
||
Lay of Pipes |
4000 |
20% |
800 |
120 |
96000 |
||
Testing of Pipes |
800 |
50% |
400 |
30 |
12000 |
||
Estimated Value of Work Done at the end of 4th month |
1708000 |
||||||
Estimated Accruals: |
|||||||
Particulars |
% of Completion |
Qty. Applied |
Rate |
Amount (AUD) |
|||
Delivery of Pipes |
10% |
1000 |
400000 |
||||
Lay of Pipes: |
|||||||
Upto 4th Month |
20% |
800 |
|||||
Less: Upto 3rd Month |
15% |
600 |
|||||
Accrued Lay of Pipes |
5% |
200 |
120 |
24000 |
|||
Testing of Pipes: |
|||||||
Upto 4th Month |
50% |
400 |
|||||
Less: Upto 3rd Month |
0% |
0 |
|||||
Accrued Testing of Pipes |
50% |
400 |
30 |
12000 |
|||
Total Accruals at the end of 4th month |
436000 |
Finnie, D., 2013. Comparison of time adjustment clauses between DZ3910, AS4000 and STCC. Construction Economics and Building, 13(1), pp.66-84.
Gutierrez, A.L.C., Panuwatwanich, K. and Walker, A., 2013. Learning from the past: analysis of factors contributing to construction project disputes in Australia. Law and Dispute Resolution.
Kerzner, H., 2013. Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Lock, M.D., 2014. The essentials of project management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
Marcelino-Sádaba, S., Pérez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A.M.E. and Villanueva, P., 2014. Project risk management methodology for small firms. International Journal of Project Management, 32(2), pp.327-340.
Pritchard, C.L. and PMP, P.R., 2014. Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press.
Schwalbe, K., 2015. Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Waddell, M., 2015. A new era for Australian Standards General Conditions of Contract. CONSTRUCTION LAW INTERNATIONAL, 10(2).
Ward, P. and Jefferies, M., 2014. ARE AUSTRALIAN STANDARD FORMS OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT CAPABLE OF DEALING WITH THE ISSUE OF EXTENSIONS OF TIME EFFICIENTLY AND EFFECTIVELY?. RCOM A, p.537.
Whyte, A. and Donaldson, J., 2015. Digital model data distribution in civil engineering contracts. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 5(3), pp.248-260.
Wong, P.S., Wang, Z.H. and Do, D., 2014. Use of the security of payment act in resolving disputes in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction, 7(1), p.A4514001.