Data Description Study: Lighting And Hallucinogenic Drugs

Exercise 1: Data Description

1) The Independent Variable (IV) in the given study is the type of lighting that is used in the office which is altered by the researcher.

2) The Dependent Variable (DV) in the given study is the number of daily errors made by the inputters which is a function of the type of lighting used in the office.

3) For the given data, the box plot obtained using SPSS is indicated as follows.

1. a) The given data is clearly not normally distributed which is apparent from the box plot is not symmetric. It is evident from the box plot that the difference between Q2-Q1 is not equal to Q3 –Q2. Also, the maximum value is significantly greater owing to which there is presence of positive skew as indicated from the box plot (Flick, 2015).
2. b) From the box plot above, it is evident that there are five outliers in the given data as indicated by circles and asterisk, so the outliers are from scores 3, 4, 5, 13 and 14.
3. c) The mean and standard deviation of the given data is indicated as follows:

Exercise 2: Data Description

1) The IV in this study is if the students took or not hallucinogenic drugs while they were     attending Dr Boering’s lectures. 

2) The DV in this study is the marks obtained by students in the exam at the end of the term since the marks are supposed to be dependent on the decision taken by the students to consume or avoid consumption of hallucinogenic drug.

3) The histogram for the marks of those students who took hallucinogenic drugs in Dr. Boering’s lectures has been derived using SPSS as shown below:

The histogram for the marks of those students who did not take hallucinogenic drugs in Dr. Boering’s lectures has been derived using SPSS as shown below.

1. Based on the histograms of the scores for two sets of students shown above, it is apparent that  they can be assumed to be roughly normally distributed. This is on account of  the middle value in the distribution having the highest frequency and lower frequencies to the left and right (Ericsson & Kovalainen, 2015).
2. b) The corresponding outputs indicating the mean and standard deviation of marks of those students who took hallucinogenic drugs in Dr. Boering’s lectures has been derived using SPSS as shown below:

The corresponding outputs indicating the mean and standard deviation of marks of those students who did not take hallucinogenic drugs in Dr. Boering’s lectures has been derived using SPSS as shown below:

On the basis of the above outputs, it can be concluded that highest mean is exhibited by the group of students who did not take hallucinogenic drugs in Dr. Boering’s lectures. Variability is captured by standard deviation which is higher for the group of students who did take hallucinogenic drugs in Dr. Boering’s lectures (Hastie, Tibshirani & Friedman, 2016).

References

Eriksson, P. & Kovalainen, A. (2015). Quantitative methods in business research (3^rd Ed.).  London: Sage Publications.

Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. & Friedman, J. (2016) The Elements of Statistical Learning (4^th ed.). New York: Springer Publications.

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