A financial statement (or financial report) is a formal record of the financial activities of a business, person, or other entity
Assets – things they own
Liabilities – things they owe (suppliers, loans/overdraft, and mortgage)
Trading profit and loss word meaning
Trading profit and loss statement – A trading, profit and loss account shows the business’s financial performance over a given time period.
1. Turnover – the amount of money taken by a business in a particular period, for instance Abscon Ltd have a turnover of £1500,000 in 20014 and £1300,000 in 2013
2. Cost of sales – on an income statement, the cost of purchasing raw materials and manufacturing finished products, there cost of sales in 2014 totalled to £860,000
3. Opening stock – stock of an item at the beginning of the financial year, at 2014 they had £100,000 of opening stock
4. Purchases – To obtain in exchange for money or its equivalent; buy.
5. Closing stock – a business’s remaining stock at the end of the financial year. It includes finished products, raw materials or work in progress and is deducted from the period’s costs in the balance sheets.
6. Gross profit – The difference between revenue and the cost of producing goods or services sold. It is sometimes expressed as a percentage.
7. Expenses – money or costs incurred in a business’s efforts to generate revenue, representing the cost of doing business
8. Wages – a fixed regular payment earned for work or services, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis
9. Salaries – a fixed regular payment, typically paid on a monthly basis but often expressed as an annual sum, made by an employer to an employee, especially a professional or white-collar worker
10. Operating profit – profit from business operations (gross profit minus operating expenses) before deduction of interest and taxes
11. Net interest – the total amount of interest paid by a business on funds it has borrowed less the amount of income earned in interest on amounts it has lent out or invested
12. Profit before tax – company’s profits before the company has to pay corporate income tax. This measure deducts all expenses from revenue including interest expenses and operating expenses, but it leaves out the payment of tax.
13. Corporation tax – tax imposed on companies’ profits
14. Profit after tax – The net amount earned by a business after all taxation related expenses have been deducted
15. Dividend – a sum of money paid regularly (typically annually) by a company to its shareholders out of its profits (or reserves).
16. Retained profit – Retained profit is the profit kept in the company rather than paid out to shareholders as a dividend. Retained profit is widely regarded as the most important long-term source of finance for a business.
Balance Sheet
Balance sheet – A balance sheet shows the value of a business on a particular date. A balance sheet shows what the business owns and owes for the last day of the financial year.
1. Fixed asset – an assets which is not consumed or sold over the course of the business, such as premises and fixtures and fittings.
Premises – a house or building, together with its land and outbuildings, occupied by a business or considered in an official context
1. Fixtures and fittings – forming part of the setting of the shop which an organisation conducts its business, such as a plant or chairs
2. Current assets – assets that are expected to be converted into cash within one year in the normal course of business. Can include stocks, debtors and bank
3. Stocks – the total merchandise that is kept on hand by a business
Debtors – somebody who the business owes money to
1. Bank – an arrangement made with a bank whereby one may deposit and withdraw money and in some cases be paid interest. Abscon Ltd had £750,000,000 in their bank in 2014.
2. Current Liabilities – amounts due to be paid to creditors within twelve months such as creditors, taxation and dividends
3. Creditors – a person or company to whom money is owing. Taxation – money paid as tax
Dividends – money that is paid to shareholders
Net assets – total assets minus total liabilities
1. Long term liabilities- A category of debts on a company’s balance sheet that do not need to be repaid during the upcoming twelve months, but that instead need to be repaid in a year or more such as mortgage and capital employed
Mortgage – a legal agreement by which a bank lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of a property
Employment of capital – The total amount of share capital and debt that a company has and uses
Shareholders – somebody who owns a share in a business
Share capital – part of the capital of a company that comes from the issue of shares
Profit and loss account – A trading, profit and loss account shows the business’s financial performance over a given time period.
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