Purpose
Organizational culture and strategy. How does it work? An Empirical Research.
Purpose
This article explains the reasons that make some firms not to succeed in implementing competitive strategies while others succeed. The author outlines various barriers that make organizations to fail, such as insufficient resources, changes in external environment, and lack of information. He also describes the relationship between culture and success of strategies in organizations. According to him, having a dynamic organizational culture which is designed to appreciate new strategic initiatives is fundamental in organizations because it reduces the chances of making new strategies to fail.
Theory
This article uses various theoretical frameworks related to business strategies. For instance, it explains how an organization can succeed through preparing employees for a change when implementing strategies. According to Armando (2015, p. 159), strategies are implemented in organizations to change and improve the way things are done and therefore require change acceptance to succeed. The author relates the effectiveness of business strategies with acceptance to change, and outlines some of the benefits which can result from implementing business strategies in organizations that have a culture of accepting new things.
Methodology
The method used to collect data in this article was two questionnaires. One of them focused on organizational culture and the other on strategic efforts undertaken by the companies. The article is cross-cultural because its empirical study targets different Romanian construction companies that have employees with diverse cultural beliefs.
Data analysis
The use of normality test values statistically analyzed the data in this case. The researchers also present the data in a linear graph to obtain a clear understanding concerning the key findings so as to make correct conclusions.
Conclusion
The findings and conclusions from this article are that changes are generated by new strategies and make employees to reject the intended strategies because they feel change is not good for them. Therefore, creating a dynamic organizational culture is fundamental because it makes employees to accept changes and also to take initiatives in formulating and implementing strategies with the aim of attaining competitive advantage (Satya, 2014, p. 28).
How did the author contribute to the theories and concepts of business strategy?
The author contributes to theories and concepts of business strategy by arguing that the culture influences strategies change, and because employees like holding things the way they are, it is essential to let them know how change will benefit the organization.
Theory
Managing Family businesses and small communities
Purpose
This article provides an insight of how businesses in small communities enhance the quality of living among the residences. In operating small businesses in small communities, there are various strategic approaches that managers should consider: market preferences, costs, industrial structure, and internal capabilities (Miller, 2001, p. 75). According to the author, Strategic management is the key to business performance whether small or big because it is the one which identifies what needs to be changed to deliver the best outcome.
Theory
There is theoretical framework related to business strategy because the author focuses on explaining the influence of strategic management in small family businesses (Agwu, 2018, p. 227). He also outlines how managers who manage family businesses can use strategic management to attain sustainable growth. The weakness identified is that the author limits strategic management to family businesses.
Methodology
The methodology used in this study was sampling, and interview technique was used to collect data. This article is cross-cultural because it talks about people with varying values, opinions and beliefs. Although the author talks about family businesses, he also includes other people involved in running the businesses such as managers.
Data analysis
This researcher analyzed data by the use of tabulation technique. The tables comprised of descriptive information concerning the family businesses and managers. They also used cluster analysis to group items that had similar characteristics. Differences between the clusters were determined on way-way analysis of variance using the least square method.
Conclusion
The article concluded that although every business targets to attain sustainable growth through working towards customer satisfaction, some of the family businesses need to be assisted on how to identify customer needs and how to use the defined needs to implement strategies that can enhance satisfaction.
How did the article contribute to theories and concepts of business strategy?
This article contributes to theories and concept of business strategy by stating that to succeed in managing family businesses, managers should consider implementing various strategic approaches such as understanding market preferences, costs, industrial structure, and internal capabilities (Tim, 2015, p. 580). It also states that Strategic management is the key to business performance whether small or big because it is the one which identifies what needs to be changed to deliver the best outcome.
New perspectives on strategic management process
The author’s central point in this article is to explain the importance of establishing strategic goals when developing an enterprise in developing countries. The reason why this is fundamental is that it makes the investors to identify the key factors that may hinder business success and those that present opportunities for sustainable growth (Michael, 2011, p. 28). The author also argues that because businesses operate in a continually changing environment, it is fundamental to think about implementing strategies that can aid in overcoming challenges and using opportunities to enhance business performance.
Methodology
Theory
This article uses theories related to business strategy because it explains some of the benefits of ensuring investors apply strategic goals while operating businesses in emerging economies. He also affirms that businesses operate in constantly changing environments and therefore require proper strategies to be employed in order to succeed (Scott, 2017, p. 49). The strength identified from this article is that it is comprehensive in explaining the relationship strategy and success in of businesses in different markets. The weakness is that it is not detailed in describing how strategies can be used overcome challenges in emerging markets.
Methodology
There was no research methodology in this article. This article is cross-cultural because it identifies the application of business strategy from a more comprehensive perspective, targeting people with different values, beliefs, and ways of living.
How was the data analyzed?
There was not any method of data analysis mentioned in this article.
The conclusion from this article is that strategic management has advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits is that it makes managers to implement decisions that can aid in establishing sustainable growth in an organization (Heather, 2013, p. 89). The significant disadvantage is that it is an expensive process that includes undertaking various activities such as conducting market research, implementing special software, hiring consulting firms and so forth.
How did the article contribute to theories and concepts of business strategy?
This article has a significant contribution to the theories and concepts of business strategy because it talks about the importance of using proper strategies which can assist a business to succeed in their operations.
Culture-driven Governance: Why influencing behavior is an essential governance strategy
Purpose
This article talks about the reasons why organizational leaders should influence their followers to do tasks in the right manner. The author affirms that one of the tactics which make leaders can succeed in guiding organizations towards attaining their set goals is through establishing a culture driven governance (Asher, 2017, p. 51). He also states that influencing behavior is one of the essential leadership strategies because it makes employees to understand various things that they should consider to perform better. The article outlines other multiple things that should be incorporated into strategic governance such as establishing a popular culture, empowering team members, enhancing relationships, building trust and respect, among others.
Theory
There are various theories related to business strategy in this article because the author relates strategic governance to business performance. He argues that for strategic leadership to be successful, the leader must consider incorporating other aspects such as influencing employees, establishing a desirable culture, and empowering in his/her strategy. One of the strengths associated with the framework is that the author is detailed in explaining the importance of being influential in strategic governance. On the other hand, the weakness related to this article is that it does not consider that there of different leadership approaches.
Data analysis
Methodology
The author did not conduct any research, and therefore there is no methodology used. The article is cross-cultural because it considers valuing employees with different values. The author considers this by stating establishing a desirable cultural environment which allows people to interact is crucial for attaining an organization’s governance objective.
Data analysis
There was no data analysis in this article.
From this article, one can conclude that being an influential leader is one of the basic governance strategies. One can also conclude that establishing a cultural environment that accommodates employees with different values and beliefs is one of the best ways of making governance to bear positive fruits.
How the theory contributed to theories and concept of business strategy
The information contained in this article contributes to the theories and concepts of business strategy in the fact that it discusses some of the critical things that leaders should consider in their governance strategy. It asserts that culture driven governance is fundamental when an organization establishes a cultural environment which accommodates different people and also affirms that influencing behavior is one of the important governance strategies.
International Human Resource Management strategies of Chinese Multinationals Operating Abroad
Purpose
This article talks about how the Chinese MNCs use the idea of aligning human resource management with corporate strategy and trusting that it would aid in promoting organizational performance. It also outlines the importance of considering HRM in internationalization strategies by considering how they can contribute to firm’s success in the international market.
Theory
The article uses theoretical framework related to business strategy by affirming that aligning HRM to internationalization strategies can make MNCs to realize sustainable growth. The key purpose for business strategies is to assist a business in attaining success and therefore by talking about something that can make the MNCs to realize success in their operations relate to business strategy (Fan, 2013, p. 531). One of the strengths identified from this article is that it is educative regarding the role played by HRM in MNC operations. Its weakness is that it limits its explanation to only Chinese firms.
Methodology
The author applied qualitative approach and used interview method to collect data. This article is cross-cultural because it talks about firms that operate in different countries. Milad (2017, p. 91) affirms that when a company internationalizes, it meets people with cultures that differ in various aspects.
Methods used to analyze data
Conclusion
After collecting data through interview method, it was analyzed through tabulation technique. The use of this method enabled the researchers to have a clear understanding concerning the data to be able to make sound conclusions.
Conclusions
From this article, one can conclude that there is a relationship between HRM strategies and operation of businesses in foreign countries. The article emphasizes that aligning IHRM strategies to internationalization tactics enables MNCs to outdo competitors.
How the article contributed to theories and concepts of business strategy
This article contributes to theories and concepts of business strategy by enhancing knowledge concerning how business strategy relate to HRM, and how understanding this relationship can assist businesses to succeed in foreign markets (Kenneth, 2010, p. 251). The author provides in-depth information concerning how implementing business strategies, especially in regard to HRM, leads to success.
References
Agwu, M. E. (2018). Analysis of the Impact of Strategic Management on the Business Performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17(1), 224-265.
Armando, R. G. (2015, Growth and Consolidation of Strategic Management Research: Insights for the Future Development of Strategic Management. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 14(2), 154-168.
Asher, D. (2017). A Framework for Strategic Organization Development. Organization Development Journal, 35(4), 47-56.
Fan, D., Zhang, M. M & Zhu, C. J. (2013). International Human Resource Management strategies of Chinese Multinationals Operating Abroad. Asia Pacific Business Review, 19(4), 526-541.
Heather, F. L. (2013). Strategic Human Resource Development in Small Businesses in the United States. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 19(1), 87-101.
Kenneth, B. E. (2010). Strategic Planning: A Practical Primer for the Entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial Executive, 15, 247-260.
Michael, H. A. (2011). Relevance of Strategic Management Theory and Research for Supply Chain Management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(1), 24-56.
Milad, N. B. (2017). Analyzing the Use of Strategic Management Tools and Techniques between Iranian Firms. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 16(1), 87-95.
Miller, N. J., Mcleod, H & Ob, K. Y. (2001). Managing Family Businesses in Small Communities. Journal of Small Business Management. 39(1), 73-87
Satya, P. K. (2014). Strategic Brand Management for B2B Markets: A Road Map for Organizational Transformation. South Asian Journal of Management, 21(3), 24-37.
Scott, H. X. (2017). A Stakeholder View of Strategic Management in Chinese Firms. International Journal of Business Studies, 15(1), 47-64.
Tim, O. (2015). Strategic Management Research in the Journal of Management & Organization: International in Orientation with an Australasian Edge. Journal of Management and Organization, 21(5), 578-598.
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