Margaret’s Case: Struggling with Obesity
The first case study is regarding Margaret who is a 35 year old woman with no kids, and also she is overweight with a BMI of around 35. She is considered to be a job holder in a full time basis. However, Margaret has an issue of being overweight or obese since the time she was 21 years old. Though, Margaret had tried a couple of dieting routines in the past which had been effective only for a while but went in vain after some time. Moreover, she had a tendency of putting on weight after a period of series of dieting. It has been seen that the levels regarding the depression as well as for the anxiety are much higher among the people who have been diagnosed with the issues of being the one with the obesity. The people who are obese are often found out having quite a number of issues with the attitudes regarding that of eating. In addition to this, it has also been proven that the quality of the lives in the obese people in terms of the physical field is also considerably uneven as well as acknowledged as poor (Jung et al., 2021). Moreover, there are Many Psychological Factors related to the person who is obese and some of the physical medical issues like that of occurrence of diabetes as well as ailments of heart (Sanyaolu et al., 2019). It is expected that Margaret would be exhibiting the indoor activities as well as the avoidance regarding heavy tasks.
In the ubiquitous environment of food habits of the generation of today which has the ability as well as the potential to provide the accessibility to the hedonic dense food habits that is consisted of high calories can considered to be responsible for triggering the habits of overeating that can lead up to the physiological issues of being obese and can also lead to the failure of the efforts initiated towards the weight management (Sagar & Gupta, 2018). It is recommended that the parents as well as the children are motivated enough in their ways of eating so that they can set and embark on a motivated journey towards the avoidance of the tempting as well as unhealthily delicious food cues. They must be given the motivation so that the parents and the children are able to set up a purpose of the home which can only accumulate habits of the healthy food eating as well as something that has the potential for eliminating the food consisted of high fat, and foods with high sugar which are considered to be the ones that invite the disease of the obesity in human beings (Lyons et al., 2018). Also, the motivated people need to do a self-monitoring of the intake of food.
- The externality theory of obesity of Schachter has provided for a model or theory in order to develop some of the alternative treatments for the disease of obesity.
- This theory has stated that the obese people do have a more reactive attitude towards the external cues of eating (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020.
- They are less sensitive towards the internal hunger and the satiety signals than the lean counterparts of them through motivation of eating a healthy diet (Feldman et al., 2019).
- However, the theory stated that the over responsive to the external food habits but decreased responsivity to the hunger have somehow led to the overeating in the vulnerable individual.
- Therefore, it is recommended that the parents should motivate the children for less eating in the outside.
In the case study of Margaret who is a 35 year old woman with the issues of being obese, the externality theory of obesity of Schachter can be successfully applied. It is mentioned in the case that she is unable to keep up with almost all the dieting routine that she had once started in the past because she has a stubborn tendency of putting on weight after a period of dieting. As it can be assumed that she lacked motivation in order to keep up with the dieting practices and to stay away from the tempting as well as unhealthily delicious food cues. In the theory of obesity of Schachter, it is stated that the people consume or overeat excessive food not as a response to the internal factors like hunger, boredom or not from a situation of stressfulness (Baik, 2018). But, as stated by the theory of obesity of Schachter, overeating is caused as a response to the external food cues like the sight or the smell of the palatable food in the situations that indicate that eating the food is appropriate (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020). However, in case of Margaret, she needs to be motivated enough to avoid such food habits and maintain a clean diet charts in order to reduce the habit of overeating and be focused on the internal cues which comes as a response to the bodily functions (Uemura et al., 2019).
Contributing Factors of Obesity
In this case study, the character of Mark is a 35 year old married man with no children and is a job holder of the full time basis. Even though he should have been responsible enough as he is married, he has an addiction of drinking. It is stated in the case study that Mark is a regular drinker who drinks alcohol about four glasses about a six days a week which turns it into a regular drinker. To Mark, he is of the opinion that after a stressful situation at the end of the day, drinking helps him to relax and unwind. He also considers the point of drinking socially as because he is of the opinion that he is sure to have a lot of fun with his friends after he drinks a few glasses. After analysing the case study, it can be safely claimed that the Mark is imposed with an addiction of alcoholism which also deals many of the psychological factors like stress relief, trauma, peer pressure, taking of the highly addictive drug with the influence of friends, due to the lack of the family involvement as well as guidance so that people can take less drinking as a habit (ROMANOVA et al., 2019). These are the factors that can influence the high rate in the addiction of the alcoholism. Alcohol has the primary targets related to the actions of one like that of Mark who an addict of the alcohol as he is married. The dependence of the alcoholism is one of the common severe disorders of the psychiatrist with the multifactorial etiology (Gibbins, 2019). There are some of the risk factors of the related dependency of the alcoholism that can lead up to the substance-related disorders which can have the potential of creating the availability of the high-throughput genotyping (O’Brien & Lushin, 2019).
- Drinking has been conceptualized as the strategic or the motivated behaviour which has the potential to be used for the regulation of the both positively as well as the negatively affected experiences (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020). The coping of the usage of the extreme alcohol consumption can be defined as the strategic usage of the alcohol for the escapism, avoidance, or the otherwise regulatory function of the negative emotions (Robillard et al., 2021). Therefore, the addiction related to the drinking as well as coping with the drinking has been depicted in the model of the drive reduction which has been developed by the Clark L. Hull as the Drive-Reduction Theory (Soto-Angona et al., 2020). This theory of the motivation has been considered to be focusing on the process of how the motivation gets originated form the needs as well as drives of the biological purposes (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020).
- The “drive” state is considered to be the arousal or the tension which has the ability to get triggered by the physiological or the needs of the biological purposes
- The needs or the requirements of the biological purposes are included in the hunger, needs for the warmth and the thirst of the human nature (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020)
- In this theory, the theorist Clark L. Hull had states that the drives have the potential to give rise to the motivation of the individuals (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020)
- He also explained that the needs and requirement of the individuals during the duration of the state of the person’s survival (Martel, Edwards & Jamison, 2020)
- In order to reduce the tension as well as the anxiety in a person, as per the theorist, the person would be on the verge to seek out different ways in order to satisfy himself or herself with something that the potential for satisfying the needs and the requirements (Brown-Rice et al., 2018)
In the case study, it has been mentioned that Mark is an addict of the alcoholism who has the tendency to drink more often such that he ends up consuming alcohol for six days a week with four standard drinks. It has also been mentioned that he has so much dependency on alcohol that he considers it as something to give him relief and unwind himself at the end of the day (Brown-Rice et al., 2018). As per the theory of the motivation of the model of the drive reduction, it can be explained that Mark responds to his inner stress and uneasiness with the use of the excessive consumption of alcohol.
References
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