Discussion of health promotion intervention through a health promotion framework
Discuss about the Addressing Social Determinants of Health.
The current assignment focuses on Health Promotion objectives within youth. For the current affair and mint GLENELG Shire communities had been taken into consideration where the underage youth had been subjected to drinking from an early age which had severely affected their adolescence and psychological development. It has been found that most of these children are from year 6 and year 8 of schools.
However, the early onset of Drinking has been associated with low mental development which could affect the performance of the children in academics. Moreover, very fewer children subjected to alcohol and drinking from early age have been seen to complete your 12 of schools. Most of the health educational campaigns were aimed at reducing or completely prohibiting the drinking of alcohol within youth. However, the aims of the you are enough campaign was to make be us the youth defer their drinking to a later time. The campaign was developed to instil the idea in the children that they could be cool and funny and accepted by the society even without drinking alcohol. the goal was to educate the children And their parents regarding the ill effects of supplying alcohol to children and the effect it can have upon the cognitive development of their children which would in turn affect their academic grades and performance.
There are a number of determinants of health some of which have been described over here. The health determinants could be divided into social psychological behavioural and Peer influences. Therefore, depending upon the presence and availability of these factors the health behaviour and outcome within an individual is influenced. For example, the one growing in a poor social on social economic environment has limited access to good food and basic living resources. Some of these people are subjected to social neglect which make them mentally frustrated and develop low self esteem. Some of these aspects of living have a deep impact upon the mental health which makes them resort to ill health behaviours such as drinking alcohol and smoking. The problem has been rampant among kids as they make some of the most wrong health decisions pertaining to peer influences. In this respect, the children in the GLENELG SHIRE COMMUNITY are exposed to habits such as drinking alcohol very early on their live by their parents. Since the action is justified and supported by their parents they don’t find drinking wrong. As mentioned by Adler et al. (2016), supply of alcohol from early age onwards could make one an easy addict. Alcohol has been seen to make negative and deteriorating effects upon the minds of children. Early exposure to drinking habits could affect the cognition and rationale making power of an individual. Once subjected to alcohol in the early years of life, children develop the inclination towards anything that is appears relaxing, fun and cool to them. This often makes them take up wrong habits later in life such use of ice drugs etc. Some of the examples of social determinants are availability of basic resources such as education, jobs and sufficient employment opportunities. As commented by Cantor et al. (2017), social norms such as discrimination could also affect the attitude and health behaviour within youth. The exposure to crime, violence also affects their mental development. It has been seen that exposure to internet technologies could act as a peer influence, which further governs the health behaviour adopted in children (Marmot and Allen 2014). The individual behaviour is further affected by addiction to alcohol drugs smoke etc. early addiction to only addiction to drinking would also result in considerable health in back by affecting vital organs such as liver.
Comparing health promotion intervention to the commission on social determinants of health
In the current Study a campaign was developed by the GLENELG ALCOHOL HEALTH PROMOTION PLANNING COMMITTEE (AHPPC) and the GLENELG BEYOND THE BELL (BTB) education attainment local group. The campaign was based on behaviour change therapy that is, bringing about modification within the thinking patterns of the parents and their children by making them understand the real consequences of drinking alcohol. The campaign was named as “You’re enough” and mainly aimed at bringing under the umbrella as many youths a possible as involvement of same age group would help in disseminating the message more clearly and effectively (healthypeople.gov 2018).
The Health Promotion intervention can be discussed through a number of frameworks. Some of these frameworks are based upon the psychosocial parameter which guides the development of Health and health within an individual. The Framework is based upon some of the policies developed and promoted by the World Health Organization such as healthy people 2020. The move aims towards the development and implementation of policies which aims towards promotion of positive health behaviour. The ecological approach on the other hand focuses upon population-level determinants for the promotion of health objectives (Garg et al. 2015). In this respect much of the success is dependent upon framing of effective health policies by the government.
A number of health promotion frameworks could be discussed over here for the promotion of good health within the individual and community level. The framework has been acronymed as RE-AIM which stands for Reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance. The attributes could be used for the development of a health promotion model where R or Reach represents the percentage of individuals willing to participate, E or Effectiveness stands fort the impact of the intervention on target population, A or adoption refers to the percentage of healthcare staff who are ready to deliver the program , I or implementation refers to the skill using which the various healthcare programs are delivered by the staff, M or maintenance refers to the extent to which the participants of the program maintains the health behaviour change (Stoddart and Evans 2017).
In this respect a number of steps had been taken by the local government to reduce the demand and supply of alcohol to underage people. Some of these programs have been delivered gradually through different steps of the health promotion framework. The initiatives focused on preventing use and delaying alcohol use in the youth. It invited a number of schools of GELENELG SHIRE to participate in the survey, Monitoring underage alcohol sales at liquor outlets, Social marketing to increase community awareness, Building of a local community to implement prevention strategies.
However, the success of the Health Promotion campaigns depends upon a number of factors 50 sufficient amount of participation from the community along with cooperation and availability of funds from the government and Federal government resources. As mentioned by de Andrade et al. (2015), in the lack of support and cooperation from the government it becomes difficult to implement the survey and the change initiative to favour optimum Health Promotion and bring about positive changes in the health behaviour of the youth and their respective parents. Additionally the cultural paradoxes also played a lead role in defining the health approaches and behaviour within the general population. Therefore, in order to bring maximum inclusion within the Health Promotion effective campaign practices are required the just designing posters and leaflets which would attract the parent’s attention of the parents and the children (Nahum-Shani et al. 2015). The artwork and the creations of the students were used to attract the attention of the parents and the youth addicted to alcohol (Biddle and Batterham 2015). The campaign also focuses on important objective such as school engagement of the youths addicted to alcohol as well as educate depends upon effective family management (Lewis 2015).
The Health Promotion intervention needs to be designed as per the commission on social determinants of health which has developed some of the policies such as close the gap. The close the gap intervention was designed for reducing the health inequities and reaching and out to more and more people (who.int 2018). Some of the recommendations some of the recommendations suggested by the committee are as follows- Such as improving the daily living conditions of the people, tackle the unequal distribution of money health and basic resources, access the current health issue and measure the impact of the implemented policies for bringing about the change outcome.
There are a number of Areas where the Health Promotion and the commission on social determinants of health differ. For example, the health promotion objectives are aimed at educating the masses for bringing about changes within their health attitudes and behaviours, whereas the health promotional model is focused upon reaching to each and every nooks and corner of the large-scale community and ensure that they are provided with equal access to the basic resources (Cassels et al. 2017). Additionally, the health promotion campaigns could be initiated and led by both federal governments as well as local community services. On the other hand the commission on social determinants of health is led by government’s health boards. Therefore, each and every community health care bill passed by the commission had to undergo large-scale speculations, whereas the health promotional campaigns are educational in form and mainly designed to educate the masses regarding certain health factors or attributes (Baker et al. 2018). Additionally, there are certain limitations of close the gap service such, as they could be used for the distribution of resources to the community (Nahum-Shani et al. 2015). However, close monitoring of the changes in health behaviour of the population is difficult through such programs whereas the health promotion models help in bringing about positive changes within health behaviour of an individual (Biddle and Batterham 2015). The close the gap services would have helpful over here in ensuring that the parents as well as the children get equitable access to basic health resources such as good food. Some of these could be provided in the form of free fresh fruits and vegetables (Levasseur et al. 2017). This could be combined with the health promotion models to educate the masses regarding the positive consequences of eating healthy.
The five determinants of health could be divided into- Economic stability, education, social context, Healthcare and neighbourhood environment. All these determinants function together to influence the overall health patterns and health behaviour within an individual. The economic stability refers to the monetary condition of a family based upon which the health practices are governed. For example a family doing well can support the growth of their children with sufficient access to fresh fruits and vegetables whereas a family with poor income ratio cannot provide adequate nutrition to their children in the growing areas. Some of which affects both their physical and mental health. The education of the parents is also important factors in governing the nutrition of their children (Yardley et al. 2015). As mentioned by Braveman and Gottlieb (2014), inadequate education leads to less awareness about appropriate nutrition and lifestyle approaches. As argued by Taylor et al. (2016), the cultural and social factors also influence the way of life and nutrition sources adopted. For instance, if a child is subjected to an environment where drinking and violence are common they would grow up to become the same or adopt the same behaviour or practices. In the current study two such determinants of health could be taken into consideration which helps in the optimum promotion of health objectives within the GLENELG youth. One such objective is education and the second objective is economic stability. This is because in poor and downtrodden areas it often becomes difficult for a family to support the optimum growth of their children through proper access to education and food. Therefore, the health promotion objectives would help in educating them regarding the benefits of incorporating fresh fruits and vegetables into the diet of the children (Marmot and Allen 2014). The second objectives which could be undertaken over here are providing the community with economic stability by providing the parents of the children with sufficient employment opportunities. This could be done with a motive of improving the way of life by ending the health miseries.
The systems thinking approach can be used to inform health promotion intervention. The systems approach is a holistic approach that focuses on the manner a system’s constituent parts interrelate. It contrasts with traditional analysis which studies a system by breaking down it into several components. Each of the components is studied separately to provide a well-balanced solution to the problem. Some of the components could be broken into – political, economic, human resources and educational systems etc (Milat et al. 2015). The systems thinking approaches inform the health promotion intervention though different parameters such as the political approaches could help in controlling the addiction towards alcohol in youth within the GLENELG COMMUNITY. Some of these could be implemented in the form of strict government measures or policies which could ban the sale of alcohol from the liquor shops. It had been seen that in majority of the cases it is the parents who have allowed the early access to alcohol to their children. Therefore, the access to alcohols should be restricted in the form of putting a strict bar upon the number of bottles sold. GLENELG reports 25% of poor family management compared to 8% for Australia at a large (healthypeople.gov 2018). This is further a cause of worry as the personal attitudes favourable to drug and antisocial behaviour is high in GLENELG. 48% of the GLENELG community children have reported low commitment to schools. These could be further attributed to poor education systems (who.int 2018). The limited access to education sources further affects the growth and cognitive development in the children.
In order to promote equality and environmental stability through health promotion the local or federal government needs to reflect upon the official figures such as 58% of year 8 students consumed alcohol. Binge drinking contributed to 16% in year 6 students and 21% in year 8 students. A survey in liquor shops reported 80% sale of alcohol to youths. This further marked the lack of government policies and reforms (Dobbins et al. 2017).
Therefore, a number of correctional policies could be suggested over here such as which could reduce the alcohol consumption within the youth such as – improve school engagement and enhance family management. Some of these could be promoted through community-based counselling programs and education services to the parents and their children. For development of an effective family bonding strategies could be employed such as parent-child communication, conflict resolution and problem-solving (Hawe et al. 2015). The problem solving within families should be encouraged through community-based programs.
Conclusion
The study conducted here focuses on the aspect of controlling alcohol consumption within youth. For the purpose of the study a specific Australian community had been taken into consideration belonging to the GLENELG REGION as the alcohol consumption rates have been sufficiently high within the population in the underage youths. It had been further found that the parents are the main sources who have been supplying alcohol to the children. This could be attributed to lack of health awareness or dysfunctional families.
Therefore, a number of community-based strategies could be developed over here for the optimum promotion of health within the population. Some of these programs are organizing community-based workshops which the parents will be attending along with their kids. Additionally, provision of free basic amenities or resources to the families could help in curbing the menace such as access to fresh fruits and vegetables. Additionally, provision of free rehab sessions can help in reducing the addiction towards alcohol within the children. The cooperation and full support from the federal level government can play a pivotal role over here such as supporting effective family engagement along with supporting educational engagement of the children which could help in educating the children addicted to alcohol and restore good behavior in them. The health promotional models over here focus upon encouraging the kids to defer drinking till a certain point of time on their life where they are able to differentiate between good and bad. The point is to make the kids believe that to have fun in life they need not drink and one can even be as much good and capable without succumbing to social and peer pressures.
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