An overall evaluation of the business of the university
The study reports on analyzing an existing system within the overall business of the university that suffers from issues and requirements enhancement. In addition, information about the university and related information about the strategy that can compete in the marketplace and operations are explained in the present study. In order to gain maximum advantages in the operational activity of an organization, it is important to exploit all of its capacities. Adoption of an effective information system through processing of data from an organization inputs to produce information, which would be useful to manage the operation. Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness of the operation, adoption of effective information system would be useful. In this perspective, the study has been conducted based on existing human activity system and find the issues in that; so that new information system can be proposed for obtaining competitive advantages in the matter. The organizational form, value chain of University of South Australia and competitive strategy are discussed in the study. On the other hand, existing human activity cause problem for the university is analyzed in the study. In this perspective, a new information system for supporting human activity system of the university is proposed in the present study. In the present paper, University of South Australia has been selected as a case study.
The University of South Australia is one of the public research universities in South Australia. The university is known as the largest university located in South Australia has more than 32000 students (Prokopy et al. 2015). The university was founded in the present form in 1991 merging with South Australian Institute of Technology along with College of Advanced Education.
The environment of information management of the university has been changed radically in last few years with developing the new system as well as enhancing the system. The system is potentially outstripping the capacity to manage as well as exploit the stakeholders. As a result, a situation has been generated where the role of the information management has undergone a dramatic transformation. The changing nature of higher education and pressure placed on the institutions in order to satisfy several stakeholders. In this situation, the role of information is perceived to be increased rapidly significantly in identifying the needs of stakeholders. Additionally, initiatives taken by the particular commissions to enhance information strategies of the organizations cause some issues and conflict in the university.
An organization form defines the procedure of activities like task allocation; coordination as well as supervision can be diverted towards achieving the aim of the organization (Schurr et al. 2017). Mintzberg’s model analyzes the organization into five generic elements that consider the role of each associated with coordination of its activities like strategic apex, operating core, techno structure and support staff as well as the middle line.
The strategic apex of the University of South Australia is developed by the principals and senior faculties. The role is to interpret the mission of the university and ensure objectives to be consistent. On the other hand, the operating core of the organization carries out specific activities essential for delivering outputs (Arnetz et al. 2015). However, techno-stricture of the University of South Australia is developed by key individuals as well as teams working in functions like human resources, training, planning, and finance. According to Mintzberg, analyzers of the institution decide the best methods for performing jobs and search for standard skills, whereas planners take a decision on outputs and define quality needs. On the other hand, supporting staffs like faculties work in such functions like research.
Organizational form of the university utilizing Mintzberg’s classification
The concept of an educational organization as a system is developed by subsystems like the process of outputs and transformation. It includes consumption as well as acquisition of the resources like money, materials as well as outputs (Somchart et al. 2016). The activities can be divided into primary or secondary activities. The value chain consists of primary activities and supporting activities. Logistics, marketing, and sales are included in primary activities. On contrary, the support activities consist of infrastructure, development of technology as well as academic standard. The educational value chain is known as a graphic tool and used as a route in order to follow determined value added by the technology.
The Porters value chain provides an idea of designing different value chains. Due to the nature of the particular services, it requires another version of the value chain. Primary attributes of the value chain for services are designing service, delivery systems management, management of knowledge and moment of truth management as well as services competition management. Thus, it is important to implement the effective system that can provide a potential outcome for the university.
Porter’s five forces include five elements that can be applied to analyze competitive strategy of the university.
The threat of the entry of new competitors: Public universities are generally very large organizations with administrative operations, invaluable brands, alumni base, and pervasive facilities, which have legacy over hundred years old. The existence of intellectual property within the university allows facing threats for the organization (Westerman et al. 2014). On the other hand, the opening of new universities with a number of facilities and online learning centers become a threat of the entry of new competitors.
The intensity of competitive rivalry: The organizations within the higher education industry have exceedingly high fixed for operating capacity as measured through the process of enrolment for including a chance to realize competitive economies of the particular scale. On the other hand, the profit segment is generally executed and most of the organization’s lease spaces for the classroom. It does not include facilities like residential accommodations and includes limited resources. Additionally, it does not give tenure tracks for the faculty employees. Thus, it results in lower fixed costs for the organization.
The bargaining power of customers: There are additional elements influencing the degree of buyer power to the industry (Laudon and Laudon 2016). A developing market diminishes buyer power that is effective for the industry. Public and private universities have a target to recruit 15 to 25% of high school classes with predictable as well as unintended consequences of the market segment in order to select particular options.
The bargaining power of suppliers: In the specific case, the degrees of supplier concentration as well as supplier significance for higher education industry are essentially on the same side of an economic coin. If few of the suppliers to the specific industry have necessary elements for the industry, the power of supplier will be high relative to the different industry.
The threat of service substitutions: The strategy of the university has some limitations that consist of an unintended consequence of minimization of switching cost between public universities. The overall evaluation of threat for substituting is considered as high. Thus, it is not beneficial to the industry incumbent.
Value chain of the university using Porter’s value chain model
Issues of culture, as well as world view and their impact on the process of learning and working in university like University of South Australia, have become increasingly significant to practitioners along with teachers. Academic organizations like the University of South Australia have faculty members seeking to evaluate own cultural makeup and possible impact of development or expansion in the global online learning environment. In the University of South Australia, the admission process is processed through a number of steps. At first, it is required to fill out forms and inspect (Irish et al. 2014). If the form is found as incorrect, it is canceled; whereas correct form is displayed as correct student forms. After checking the application list, it is checked whether it is included in the list or not. If it is not included in the list, it is canceled. On the other hand, listed candidates apply to university. On listed candidates are checked for creating student record. On the other hand, fees are paid. If fees are paid, payment is processed and receipt is printed. Even though the existing system has potential benefits, there are some limitations in the existing system of the university such as searching for an application in the system is missing in the system.
The success model developed by DeLone-McLan has provided a robust indicator of the success of the information system. There are four conclusions from the research have been highlighted by them like followed.
- There is a broad list of individual variables in order to select from of the IS researcher.
- Important minimization in the number of distinctive dependent variables measures is required so that the outcome of research can be compared.
- There are also some attempts made for measuring the influence of human activity system on performance of the organization.
- Human activity success is considered as a multidimensional construct and needs to be effectively measured.
With the help of D&M model, success can be measured for the organization. Over the time, the model can be modified to encounter the needs set by different types of the information system. DcLone and McLean (2016) can be applied to the present success model in order to assess the success of human activity system of University of South Australia. According to the model, information quality, system quality, and service quality are related to intention to use. The model needs to evaluate the effective process of learning and efficiency of the employees of the university (De Filippo et al. 2014). On contrary, user satisfaction is the outcome of information quality and system quality. Additionally, service quality is also related to satisfaction of the user. Thus, some issues related to checking of corrected forms are processed along with checking for application in the specific list. In this perspective, more authentications are required on it.
The evaluation processes of the human activity system need not large costs or reduction of quality. It is significant to have adequate and proper knowledge as well as experience along with technical expertise during deployment of the changes in the organization. It helps to gain profit from experiences as well as good practices of successful organization (Hendrick and Kleiner 2016). The enhancement of performance does not have limitation to implement the process of making changes (Alzahrani et al. 2017). In addition, the efficiency of the process can be expressed by relative indexes defining the ratio of real as well as indicators for planning. The International standard can be defined as the expenses for quality as expenses to ensure satisfactory quality and losses for inadequate quality (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Hence, for critically evaluating the effectiveness of the procedure, the relative efficiency and expenses are utilized as two independent variables.
Analysis of competitive strategy of the university using Porter’s competitive forces model
In information system of an organization, data are processed in several stages. Value of every stage is added for making the data successful. Hence, experts in different fields can help value adding procedures in several ways. However, complexity in the information system is subjective as well as affected by several variants (Wood et al. 2015). Small variations of the elements are resulting system complexity in the major changes in the intended result. There are a number of attempts for developing mathematical models for the process and underpins complexity as chaos theory. System complexity increases at the particular systems evolving into the composite ones (Dumais et al. 2014). On the other hand, a marketing information system of a university relies on external information to the far greater degree compared to different organizational systems.
Comprehension of distinctive types of data and knowledge exist in order to distinguish between several types of knowledge is considered as necessary steps for knowledge. In the information system of university business, data includes primary facts or values. The data are considered as the number of staffs in the organization. It makes possible to evaluate the information system (Saran et al. 2016). However, knowledge represents awareness as well as comprehension and the methods can be useful in order to take an effective decision. The information on specific time spent by every staff of the university on specific projects makes a revision of budgets for future projects of the same type.
In dealing with the issues engaged in comprehension of complicated systems, it would be useful to consider various distinctive perspective of a complicated system. Three foundational perspectives of multifaceted as well as hierarchical system are considered as synoptic and structural perspective (Biasini et al. 2014). Development of three views of human activity system can provide valuable advice to an enterprise seeking for human activity system gives valuable advice to the university seeking for evaluating own cultural makeup as well as possible impact of the activity on development (Eveland and Dunwoody 2016). There are distinctive types of information system like transaction processing system, system for decision support, learning management systems, knowledge management system and office information system as well as database management system, which are implemented as new information system for the university.
It is crucial to focus on the particular system and find the key values. In the present system, new information system needs to be identified. There is search option for the application in the system along with check for application in list. In addition, display matches on the list are identified (Enck et al. 2014). On the other hand, information is the collection of facts that are organized so that additional value can be added. Information gives a context of the data as well as assists to identify the issues. Additionally, checking for application in the list is further processing to application to the university. The system would be helpful for overall information system in the organization. It would be helpful to bring effectiveness of the staffs and make fast process (Aiken et al. 2014). On the other hand, fewer errors in the information system would be helpful for the stakeholders to involve in the system.
The process of calculating evaluation criteria needs to be effectively estimated. Hence, it is essential to determine whether the relative efficiency and relative expenses can be defined as the process. Effective management of the organization is essential precondition for the organization not to survive and competitive in the market to be developed. One of the ways to process effective enterprise management is to enhance effectiveness of management that needs to be properly processed in the university (Sanjana et al. 2014). It is important to take into account that selection of performance management systems is considered as individual process of the organization. Hence, it is important to take necessary action regarding the issue that is presented in the new information system.
Management of information system is considered as important in a university. Hence, the standards need to be implemented and confirm the high level of the system and ensure efficiency as well as success (Acland et al. 2014). It is necessary that the new information system will bring tangent advantages as well as results of efficiency measurement. Moreover, it is important to provide extra material used for developing strategic planning for the particular organization. On the other hand, when assessing the specific criteria of quality as well as costs, it is important to set up the accurate statistical relationship between the relative efficiency of criteria and relative expenses. In addition, the estimated value needs to be matched with the correlation that shows medium strength. It is vital to develop real conformity of performance that can be processed by the institution. As per the analysis, theoretical data, as well as empirical research, can be helpful to the process of assessment of the effectiveness of implemented quality management system included in the university (Kim et al. 2015). Hence, the proposal of new information system would be helpful to the organization to bring effectiveness in the process.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it concludes that the accessibility, reliability, relevance as well as consistency of data that is underpinning the particular information system considered as important to utilization along with effectiveness in a setting of the university. In the present study, the role of information system plays a crucial role in success of the operation as well as challenging posed by the government is discussed in the present study. In this purpose, information has been gauged from academic as well as administrative staffs of the university. Thus the study would be helpful to bring competence in finding, analyzing and synthesizing materials. Moreover, it can assist human activity system existed in the university and find the issues. Hence, the proposal of new information system would assist to minimize the issues and generate potential outcomes.
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