Domestic Violence Against Women
Discuss about the Violence against Australian Women.
Domestic violence could be considered as the major issue which influences the wealth of the Australian census. Domestic violence has been observed in all the age group of people irrespective of their socioeconomic as well as demographic situations but the risk of being affected due to the same is highly associated with the kids and women (Bohra et al., 2015). The women who are at the highest risk of such violence are generally young, indigenous or pregnant but also any women with disabilities or women with financial shenanigans might face such risks. Moreover, any act of violence with kids or in front of them effects the same. For example, a violence against mother may affect the kids witnessing it. The primary motive of this research is to identify the lookout of the women who has experienced domestic violence in their foul relationships (Camarillo-Daley, 2014).
An act of violence which takes place between two or more people who are into close relationship within a domestic setting can be considered as domestic violence. The Australian people as well as society has been hugely affected by the act of domestic violence against the women of the nation (Coker et al., 2015). However, an idea to prevent the social problem is encouraging as it is possible. In order to implement the effective measure to curb this social problem, an understanding of the concept of violence against women is needed. The gender-based violence varies as there could be many types of violence such as sexual, physical or even psychological. These kind of harms during the violence against the women can have various effects on their health which creates issue that might result in illness, disabilities within the victim and even might cause death.
The homelessness of women has also been observed as the outcome of the domestic violence against them and the same has been identifies on a global basis (Straus, 2014). This matter associates a cost with it as Australia incurs a cost of about $21 billion for the violence against women. Moreover, the children who witness violence intended towards their mother are also affected and are harmed on psychological basis. It also strongly impacts the emotional, social and behavioral level of the children. As per the reports prepared by Australian Bureau of Statistics, (ABS), it has been seen that the women who are victim of domestic violence experience the same with their previous partners rather than with current partner (Bohra et al., 2015). Therefore, it has been suggested that such rude behavior of people against their partner is needed to be stopped as a step towards social well-being. However, women prefer not to report the same with relevant authorities as their stigma prevents them from doing so. It has also been observed that women generally report such incidents only after their separation and majority of women experience such violence.
Impacts of DV Against Women
The violence against women has attracted the attention of the community towards itself. This has heled in identifying that the community by itself has contributed towards the continuation of violence against women by responding to the same and even helped to prevent it as well (Bohra et al., 2015). Hence, in this case, the attitude towards this violence reflects the social norms and any shift in the same could termed as a progressive addressing towards domestic violence. The knowledge of the community regarding the same is of significance as it structures their attitude towards the social problem. A huge number of Australian think that women could walk out of a relation where violence has rooted deep. However, most of people are also of thought that the act of such violence can be excused as people lose their control in anger. The attitude of Australian population towards gender equality is higher wherein they support the concept in public as well as private spheres. Though they support equality in workplaces but still the women population in the country witness biasness. However, the country witnessed a wave of amendments in its policy to prevent such cases.
Violence and Abuse in Australia
According to Ellsberg et al., (2015) violence can be categorized as spouse abuse, domestic assault and abuse, battering, woman abuse. It is also gathered that it is inadequate to observe domestic violence as a part of normal interpersonal conflict that takes place in most of the families. Moreover, the cultural and the social bases for the violence against the women in Australia has been the major focus of the public attention for over years. As per the data gathered by Jewkes, Flood and Lang, (2015) from it has been gathered that the “Australian Law Reform Commission” reported an increased woman abuse and violence in Australia. It has also been reveled from the previous research that one among the three women experience at least one instance of physical violence and one among the five women face the sexual violence in all over her lifetime. Jewkes, Flood and Lang, (2015) also added that it has also been established that a considerable factor inhibiting the effective implementation of criminal justice process within Australia also includes the degree of under-reporting regarding violence against women in Australia. Despite early recognition of such issue on women violence, the idea of personal security to be an individual right has been lost. Moreover, the least developed of any of such human rights is protected by the international covenants.
Barriers to Reporting DV
How does the violence against women impact their lives?
This question will help in understanding the various ways in which the women are affected due to violence committed against them. This could be emotional, physical or even mental (DeKeseredy& Hall-Sanchez, 2017).
Why most of the women does not report such violence?
This will focus mainly on the barriers which keeps them from reporting the violence committed against them.
What is the attitude of community towards such social problems?
This will signify the role of community in prevention of domestic violence against women.
What could be the steps to prevent such crimes against women?
This question will highlight the steps taken by the authorities to prevent such acts of violence.
The research is deemed to implement the explorative and the descriptive approach. These research methods are employed in this investigation for the reason that explorativeresearch is deemed to be the most suitable technique at the time of dealing with such issued information that is less known (Ellsberg et al., 2015). This is consideration to the fact that domestic violence against women within the Australian environment was previously under-researched. The explorative research approach through employing qualitative methodology of research will for this reason be the most suitable method in the recent research. The qualitative research approach that is used in the exploration of “Violence against Australian women” is through carrying out a semi-structured interview with the research participants those are the victims of violence (Flick, 2015).
Due to the sensitivity of the research subject, the research participants those will be selected for the survey will be by means of carrying out non-probability sampling in which the purposive sample type will be used. This will be attained by means of approaching the companies that work in collaboration with the women facing violence in Australia. At the time of carrying out such research, necessary ethical approval will be attained from the government agency as well as the university (García-Moreno et al., 2015). After such ethical approval 20 respondents will be selected for the research and the qualitative interview will be carried out with them for over 30 minutes with each participant. The face-to-face interview that is limited to the selected themes of the study will facilitate in understanding the experiences faced by the women those were abused in Australia. Considering the same, qualitativeresearch analysis will be carried out in which thematic approach will be employed in order to elaborate the impact of violence on Australian women and barriers those are faced at the time of reporting such issues related to violence. Such analysis will also facilitate in recognizing the needs and support that will be needed in order to help these abused women in Australia (García-Moreno et al., 2015).
Community Attitudes Towards DV
The results those are gathered through carrying out qualitative analysis through the thematic study approach are deemed to have certain useful implications in solving such issue for women. However, there are also certain limitations those are faced in this research in data collection as well as at the time of research analysis (Jewkes, Flood & Lang, 2015). For the reason that primary data has been gathered through the interview process there is a chance that the reliability of the research serves as a major restraint which develops a barrier between research results along with attainment of the research. Validity of the interview answers can be questioned as the respondents might hesitate to provide genuine answers within the survey and might not disclose major concerns because of the sensitivity of the research subject. Another imitation can be that the collected secondary data might be manipulated to an extent which can impact the research quality and the research results (Ramamoorthi, Jayaraj, Notaras& Thomas, 2014).
Resources
In carrying out the research on “Violence against women in Australia” certain important resources are needed that can facilitate in successful completion of this study. These resources require personnel coordination, equipment requirements along with other relevant resources. The personnel requirement includes the senior researcher, coordinator as well as the secretary (Mackey &Gass, 2015). In addition, the equipment that are required by the research include telephones, computers, and softwarelicenses along with the office materials. Certain other important resources that are needed in accomplishing the research and analyzing the data gathered includes premises for coordinating place for the research work, travels and accommodations in order to travel for attaining relevant data through interview. Resources will also be required for gathering relevant data on the research of Violence against women from the newspapers, access to library and the government website access.
Ethics
In carrying out the recent research, the researcher has considered to follow the proper code of conduct in accomplishing all the necessary steps in the data collection and the research. It has been ensured that secondary data has been ethically gathered from the reliable sources that attains along with the main human responses (Lewis, 2015). The researcher has also made attempt to sustain the reliability of the researchcollected from employing qualitative responses for data interpretation. Moreover, the researcher has also employed the most authentic secondary data sources and has given recognition to data gathered from previous researches.
Prevention Measures
Significance
This research has highlighted several matters which not only includes the reasons for domestic abuse but also the reasons for the victim to not report the same to the relevant authorities. It has been seen that the main cause of domestic violence is the desire to gain as well as maintain the power over the partner. Moreover, the victim of such social problem could be anyone irrelevant of age or sex (García-Moreno et al., 2015). In consonance to the research it can be seen that the victim generally due to some financial problem or certain other emotions cannot leave the abuser. Hence, this research will help in identifying the nature of the victim and their reasons to leave or remain with the abuser. It will help the women to defend themselves from such violence and educate them to take relevant steps against the same. Moreover, it will also provide a way for the victims to recover from their emotional or mental wound from such abuses. It may even provide an option to the victim to move legally for the abuses they suffered from (Henriksen, Schei, Vangen&Lukasse, 2014). Moreover, this research might even enlighten the community to help the victim in such situation and make sure the issue may not occur. The main idea behind the same is to gain consciousness and talk against such incidents and report to the proper authorities. Rather than becoming a bystander they should take a stance to stop such things from happening.
References
Bohra, N., Sharma, I., Srivastava, S., Bhatia, M. S., Chaudhuri, U., Parial, S., … &Kataria, D. (2015). Violence against women. Indian journal of psychiatry, 57(Suppl 2), S333.
Camarillo-Daley, L. (2014). Intimate partner violence perpetrated by police officers: A study of the prevalence rate(Doctoral dissertation, The Wright Institute).
Coker, A. L., Fisher, B. S., Bush, H. M., Swan, S. C., Williams, C. M., Clear, E. R., &DeGue, S. (2015). Evaluation of the Green Dot bystander intervention to reduce interpersonal violence among college students across three campuses. Violence Against Women, 21(12), 1507-1527.
DeKeseredy, W. S., & Hall-Sanchez, A. (2017). Adult pornography and violence against women in the heartland: Results from a rural southeast Ohio study. Violence against women, 23(7), 830-849.
Ellsberg, M., Arango, D. J., Morton, M., Gennari, F., Kiplesund, S., Contreras, M., & Watts, C. (2015). Prevention of violence against women and girls: what does the evidence say?. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1555-1566.
Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.
García-Moreno, C., Hegarty, K., d’Oliveira, A. F. L., Koziol-McLain, J., Colombini, M., & Feder, G. (2015). The health-systems response to violence against women. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1567-1579.
García-Moreno, C., Zimmerman, C., Morris-Gehring, A., Heise, L., Amin, A., Abrahams, N., … & Watts, C. (2015). Addressing violence against women: a call to action. The Lancet, 385(9978), 1685-1695.
Henriksen, L., Schei, B., Vangen, S., &Lukasse, M. (2014). Sexual violence and mode of delivery: a population?based cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, 121(10), 1237-1244.
Jewkes, R., Flood, M., & Lang, J. (2015). From work with men and boys to changes of social norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: a conceptual shift in prevention of violence against women and girls. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1580-1589.
Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475.
Mackey, A., &Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge.
Ramamoorthi, R., Jayaraj, R., Notaras, L., & Thomas, M. (2014). Alcohol-related violence among the Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders of the Northern Territory: Prioritizing an agenda for prevention-narrative review article. Iranian journal of public health, 43(5), 539.
Straus, M. A. (2014). Addressing violence by female partners is vital to prevent or stop violence against women: Evidence from the multisite batterer intervention evaluation. Violence Against Women, 20(7), 889-899.
Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., &DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Wistow, R., Kelly, L., &Westmarland, N. (2017). “Time Out” A Strategy for Reducing Men’s Violence Against Women in Relationships?. Violence against women, 23(6), 730-748.
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