Discussion
This paper intends to provide an in depth discussion on the issues in technologies used by the developing nations while conducting international business. The developing nations require to embrace technology in their business for growth and expansion of their business. The international business refers to commercial activities of the developing nations across the border utilizing technology. The topic chosen for this report is international business between Israel and India for agricultural and sewage water technology. It would discuss the co-operation of two developing nations India and Israel on the issue of water management. The success of Israel in the management of water and recycling is appreciated by the various developed nations. The two countries are aiming to strengthen their farm sector with the help of water and agriculture cooperation plan of 5 years (Studies 2018). This cooperation is expected to touch the lives of the people of India and facilitate them and strengthen the bilateral relation between the Indian and Israel. It can be concluded that this paper would be able to provide an effective approach to the topic of the business of India and Israel on water management.
The technology used by Israel for water management and recycling is considered to be most advanced. The government of Israel ensures water management by giving importance to every single drop of water. The statistics reveal that about 22% of the total available water in Israel came from recycling the waste water. The water used in irrigation in Israel includes about 62% share from the brackish and recycled water. The rate of recycling water is highest in the case of Israel, and it is about 85% (CivilDigital 2018). There was a need of integrated approach for solving the issue of the water crisis and water management of the developing nation India. India is seeking expertise from Israel for water management and recycling.
The three year agreement between India and Israel from 2018 to 2020 for cooperation in agriculture is considered to be effective for both the nations. The declaration was signed between the Ministry of Urban Development of India and Ministry of Industry, labor and trade of Israel. The aim of this business contract is to transfer the various technologies like drip irrigation, protected cultivation and fertilization to the Indian farmers to achieve effective agricultural productivity along with management of water.
The growth in population, climate change and industrialization is affecting the ability of India to manage the water resources. It is expected that the gap in supply would range to about 50 percent by 2025. Therefore it can be said that purification and waste water recycling is holding enormous possibility for facing this situation. These issues were initially faced by Israel, and they had used the efficient methods to meet water shortages (Businesstoday.in 2018). The growing relationship between Israel and India led to the cooperation in water management. The project was signed formally when Narendra Modi, prime minister of India visited Israel. The project has been started already, and the purification plants have been set up in some cities of India. Israel has companies having advanced desalination expertise which needs less care and requires less amount of energy (World 2018). GalMobile is one such transportable seawater distillation plant which is designed to produce high quality water. It is a unique kind of purification system which can purify about 20 cubic meters of water every day. The purification includes 80 cubic meter s of contaminated water or specifically river water (Gal-water.com 2018). The size and mobility of GalMobile increase its demand in India. The extra benefits of this portable plant are that it can serve villages where there is no connection to main water supply networks.
Background of the Business
The issues of Israel while conducting business internationally are various. For the business of cooperation for water management and irrigation sewage system between Israel and India, there are several major and minor issues that can be explained as follows.
The issue of Foreign policies and Regulations
The issues that are expected for Israel while conducting international business with India are from tax implications, trading laws and addressing legal requirements. The difference in the trade laws and policies of Israel and India can be a reason for the issues in water management cooperation. The exporting of portable plant and other such technologies comes under various trading laws of India and Israel (Tsogas 2015).
Growing Population of India
The rapid growth in the population of India can be an issue for Israel while conducting business with India. The population of India is about 1.30 billion which the highest after the population of China. Therefore with the increase in population, it is possible that there is an adequate gap between the demand of water and the supply provided.
Political and Economic Issues of Israel and India
In spite of cordial relations of Israel and India, there are specific factors which can affect the business and cooperation of Israel and India in water management and agriculture sewage system. Israel relishes a strong commercial culture for new technologies and cultures which makes Israel a technology powerhouse. The political relations and risks can affect the investors of the water management (Chaklader and Gulati 2015). They also include environmental, health and safety rules and procurements of government with other developing nations. The relationship of Israel with other nations might affect the project of Israel with India.
Cultural Difference between India and Israel
The cultural framework of India and Israel are different which can be an issue for both the developing nations. The cultural framework of India includes some traces of corruption which is likely to affect the growth of this project. Apart from the cultural framework the legal rules also play an effective role in the international business (Gurung and Prater 2017). The specific countries are said to be strict about their laws and provides judgment on time. This factor is likely to affect the international business positively.
Israel is a leader in water recycling, desalination and water management. The global market for Drip Irrigation solutions is projected at 2 billion dollars. The companies of Israel are prominent in drip irrigation with a market share of about 40%.
Drip Irrigation
Drip irrigation is the innovation for efficient irrigation technique which saves water. It is based on the up-front idea of maximizing the efficiency of a limited quantity of water. It is done by dripping it with the help of plastic pipes on to the strategic points. Israel’s innovation in drip irrigation technology functions in limiting evaporation, reduction in the use of chemicals and fertilizer and minimizing the wastage of water. The largest drip irrigation providers of Israel are companies such as Plastro, Naan-Dan and Netafim (Pei et al. 2014).
Current Business and Technology Landscape
Advanced Drip Technology
The advanced drip technology uses various features for using saline water that avoids the accumulation of salt at the roots. The process in which lateral pipes are submerged at a depth of about 50 centimeters at the root of plants is called buried irrigation (Taylor, Parker and Zilberman 2014). The distribution of fertilizers through the process of drip irrigation ensures that the phosphorus reaches the roots.
Soft water Desalination
The well-known fact is that 70% of the earth surface is covered with water of which 97% is saltwater. Israel has developed the process of producing freshwater out of the saltwater, and the process is cost effective as claimed by the government of Israel. This method is efficient for Israel to meet the increasing demand of the water. The expertise of Israel has developed an operating system which is capable of separating the high pressure pumps and membrane banks. The link between the pump capacity and RO bank capacity is broken due to the separation of pump. On the next stage, energy reclamation device DWEER is used for collecting the pressurized brine (Teschner, Garb and Paavola 2013).
Waste Water Recycling
The recycling of waste water is efficient in freeing up the fresh water for the domestic needs. It also solves the issue of waste disposal and decreases demand of fertilizers. Israel has Shafdan Treatment and Reclamation Plant which is responsible for treating the wastewater in Tel Aviv. This is one of the largest recycling plants of the world which is held responsible for purification of about 150 million meter cube of water per year (Tal 2016). This recycled water is used for irrigation of the deserted region of Israel.
Streamlining Innovations
There are various filtration techniques developed by Israel for the recycling waste water and preventing the diseases and pollution. The technologies include magnetic waste water treatment, Attached Growth Airlift Reactor and electro fluctuation system, purification using laser light, Portable systems and Electro coagulations. Magnetic water treatment is the process that separate toxic material like detergents and metals from the water producing a magnetic deposit. This innovative process of Israel is responsible for reducing the operation cost by 15% (Daccache et al. 2014).
The technologies used by Israel for water management and conservation are effective and appreciated globally. These technologies have already started gaining in the Indian market, and the companies involved in this project are profiting to an enormous extent.
Impact of Drip irrigation Technology
The efficient use of drip irrigation technology will help in increasing the sown area of the agricultural field and net irrigated area. It would be affecting in achieving a higher rate of irrigation and cropping intensity. The states of India would enjoy the savings on the cost of cultivation and resources. It would be an appreciated approach for the farmers as it would increase the productivity of the crops (Benouniche et al. 2014). It would promote the use of recycled water and thus saves the fresh water for drinking and other domestic purpose.
Issues Regarding Conducting the Business Internationally
Impact of Desalination Technique
The desalination process would be effective in solving the issues of the water scarcity, but the process is expensive. Apart from meeting the need of water, desalination can also be used to produce electricity for the coastal region of India when implemented effectively. The desalination plants used by Israel are Ashkelon and Palmachim, and they are located on the Mediterranean coast (Bourzac 2013). The environmental impact of desalination would be not good for Indian and its climate.
Impact of Water Recycling Technique
The water management and irrigation cooperation between Israel and India would help in achieving sustainability with the help of water recycling. The various centres are made in Indian states such as Punjab, Gujrat and Madhya Pradesh, where the recycled water would be utilized for the purpose of irrigation by the farmers. It would impact the people of India by providing them water for irrigation and saving fresh water (Chartzoulakis and Bertaki 2015). The process would be effective in increasing the productivity of crops and decreasing the need for fertilizers.
The strategy required for moving forward in water management requires extensive support from the government and people. The five years cooperation project can only be successful if the project is monitored properly and the people are aware regarding water management. There is a need to make tough decisions on managing water demand with the help of water tariffs and increase amount of public awareness. There is a requirement of strong legal structures for holding responsibility and accountability.it is efficient to make a proper monitoring infrastructure for the management of water and irrigation process. The legal provisions by the government are required for the success of the project and in order to avoid further conflict between the states of India regarding the issues of sharing river water and use of land for the Water management project between India and Israel (Garb and Friedlander 2014). The success of this project would provide great support to the business relations of Israel and Australia. It would open the opportunity for more bilateral ties among the nation.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that this report is efficient in explaining the international business of cooperation of India and Israel on water management and agriculture sewage system. The paper provides the data which reveals that Israel is one of the most successful country in the field of water management. It efficiently provides the background of the business and bilateral ties between the two developing nations. It explains the current technology landscapes of Israel and business activities related to the water management. It also provides informations regarding the issues involved in conducting the business between the two countries such as the political and economic issues, cultural difference and laws and rules related to the trading. This report is efficient in explaining the technologies used by Israel for water management and irrigation. It also provides a brief idea of the impact of these technologies on the business and the relevant country. At the end of the report, strategy provides recommendations for the proper implementation of the water management.
References
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