Factors Influencing HIV Infection
The term HIV refers as human immunodeficiency virus which is the type of health disorder that affects the immune system of a human. It is also called as a virus because its impacts on the patient immune system due to which they can suffer from the problem of AIDS infection. There are mainly two kinds of syndrome occur in the HIV disease, for example, CD-4 and AIDS and most of the people are living with the problem of HIV and AIDS (Antelman, et al., 2007). The main purpose of this essay is to identify the key factors that influence the issue of HIV and discuss the role of nurses and ART therapy for the prevention of HIV. There are many authors and researcher provided numbers of journal articles on this health issue which will be discussed in this essay with their aim and objectives. It is estimated that the rate of HIV disorder has increased by 20% in the year 2014 and today this rate is growing very fast due to the uncertainty of foods and exercise. According to the World health organization, around 2 million people in Australia were diagnosed due to HIV in between 2014 and 2015. This essay is explaining the signs and symptoms of HIV and how this type of disease spread and different types of strategies or policies for the prevention of HIV.
This type of health issue affects the human body system and generally its attacks on the immune system of an individual. The immune system is one of the main parts for any person that defences against infections and viruses, for example, bacteria. Due to HIV virus, this system does not work properly due to which this virus spread in the whole body parts and can damage human lungs and heart (Baker, et al., 2008). It is observed that all kinds of germs or viruses infect the cells and GIV produce few cells in the immune system that block the blood circulation in the person body parts. There are mainly two kinds of cells occur in any HIV patient such as CD-4 cells and T cells.
When HIV block the CD-4 cells then it turns these cells in the factory of viruses and it forces to the CD-4 cells to make numbers of copies of HIV virus (Baum, et al., 2009). This is a very serious problem in Australia because a recent survey found that in the year 2016 almost 30% of Australian people were suffered from the problem of HIV and AIDS. AIDS is also a very common health problem which is occurred due to the HIV virus and most the people are living with the AIDS. AIDS was first detailed in the United States in 1981 and has since turned into a noteworthy overall pestilence. Helps is the most progressive phase of contamination caused by HIV (Baum, et al., 2009).
Transmission and Stages of HIV Infection
The names HIV and AIDS can be befuddling in light of the fact that the two terms portray a similar malady. Be that as it may, the vast majority who are HIV positive don’t have AIDS. A man with HIV contamination is said to have AIDS when his or her safe framework turns out to be so powerless it can’t ward off particular sorts of diseases and tumours, for example, PCP (a kind of pneumonia) or KS (Kaposi sarcoma, a kind of malignancy that influences the skin and inside organs), squandering disorder (automatic weight reduction), memory debilitation, or tuberculosis (Baum, et al., 2010).
According to Burt, et al., (2008) an individual with HIV is diagnosed with the problem of AIDS when his or her immune system did not work properly and most of the people that follow healthy diets and exercise are very fit and their immune systems are working properly. Therefore, people can take complete treatment if they have HIV and AIDS and they can communicate with doctors for better understanding. It is analysed that between 2015 and 2017 the rate of HIV has improved by 30% in which most of the people are below 40 years (Deeks, Lewin, & Havlir, 2013).
It is a type of health issue that does not spread from person to person, by communicating with; by any sexual process but it spread by certain body fluids which can attacks on the immune system like cells CD-4. This is a very dangerous problem because it HIV can destroy so many cells and body parts by which people can face the issue of blood cancer. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention CDC (2008) identified the main three stages of HIV infection, for example, Acute HIV, clinical latency and AIDS. Within 1 to 3 weeks after this infection, certain people produce flu-like signs and symptoms such as low fever, sore throat, muscle and joint aches and body pain. This stage is defined as an acute retroviral syndrome and also called as primary HIV infection.
If any people feel that they have few symptoms of HIV disease then they can protect their body and immune system by taking medical services and they should eat only healthy foods. At the time of early infection, a large number of germs are introduced in the human body and these virus attacks on the cells and make a large number of viruses in the patient body (Ekouevi, et al., 2008). During this stage, people are a very high risk of transmitting HIV to their sexual sharing partners because the amount of HIV is very high in their blood. Clinical latency is the second stage after the acute stage of HIV disease and in which latency refers as a period where the HIV virus is living.
ART Therapy and Prevention of HIV
At the time of this stage, the HIV infection continues to regenerate at a low level and it cannot identify with standard practical tests. It is observed by the scientists if any person takes ART therapy then he or she cannot progress to find AIDS because this type of treatment helps to identify the HIV virus in their body system. During this stage, individuals are able to produce this type of virus into other person and the problem of transmission can be reduced by proper treatments. Recent studies show that the ART is a very popular treatment for the HIV that has the ability to decrease the rate of virus and transmission of germs into other people (Emlet, Tozay, & Raveis, 2010).
The last stage of HIV infection is AIDS which is also a very complex issue worldwide and it occurs when the immune system of the patient does not work properly or completely damaged by the HIV. It is researched by Deeks, & Phillips, (2009) if the total numbers of CD-4 cells in any human falls below the 200 cells/mm3 then that person considered in the category of AIDS. If any person has a strong immune system and that has between 500 and 1600 CD-4 cells then he or she can suffer from this stage. Without any treatment, people can be being diagnosed with AIDS for 3 years and it is observed that 2 million people were suffered from the problem of AIDS. Individuals living with HIV may advance through these phases at various rates, contingent upon an assortment of elements, including their hereditary cosmetics, how sound they were before they were contaminated, how many infections they were presented to and its hereditary attributes, how not long after disease they are analysed and connected to mind and treatment, regardless of whether they see their human services supplier consistently.
On the off chance that any individual who has HIV issue does not take appropriate treatment then he can kick the bucket because of the AIDS and other medical problems (Heimer, 2007). This kind of wellbeing issues does not spread noticeably all around and any easy-going correspondence, however, it can influence the lungs and different parts of the body. According to the talk of NHS around 22 million grown-ups and school kids were experienced the HIV in Africa in the year 2007 and around than just about 1 million individuals passed on from the HIV infection (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).
Role of Nurses in Preventing HIV
Today this is an intense issue in Australia in light of the fact that most the people contact with other without utilizing any security and treatment by which the issue of AIDS has been expanded. Freiberg, et al., (2013) demonstrates the different kinds of methodologies and models that can distinguish the effect of HIV on the human body and key factors that upgrade the level of HIV around the world. The on-going medical problem in HIV includes around 7 peer-checked on papers to assemble the pertinent data about the exploration point.
It is assessed that in the year 2020 around 212 million individuals will be analysed because of the HIV and AIDS and as per the most recent examination around 13 million youngsters have lost one or both parent because of the absence of legitimate treatment (Haynes, et al., 2012). The quantities of nations on the planet embraced the essential social insurance administrations and the fundamental point of these human services is to maintain a strategic distance from the issue of HIV and AIDS.
AIDS was first portrayed in 1981 when already sound youthful grown-ups – basically, gents living in urban zones of the U. S. started dropping sick with astute contaminations already obscure among this age gathering (When to Start Consortium, 2009).
In year 1983, the rate of HIV and AIDS is growing rapidly and it is investigated that the rate of unhealthy people is very high in Australia as compared to healthy people. Due to HIV disease individuals can face other health disorders, for example, AIDS, cardiovascular disease, blood cancer and they can lose their life. Hotez, et al., (2012) identified that the HIV virus is transmitted by various mechanism and process in which they first attack human immune system after that they target cells and produce a large amount of virus.
Figure: HIV disease
(Source: Hotez, et al., 2012)
It is a blood-borne and it is also transmitted by sexual communication, injecting drug use, and contaminated blood transfusions. The most vigorously troubled mainland is Africa, where the spread of the epidemic has been quickened by an assortment of components, counting across the board destitution, sexual orientation imbalance, and wellbeing frameworks debilitated by weights, for example, the expansive outside obligation heaps of positions. In Africa around 70% individual tainted with HIV and AIDS passing around the world – 28 million toward the finish of 2002 – the lion’s share have likewise happened on this mainland. HIV disease has wafted pandemics of TB in several African nations, expanding the dangers to the entire populace, paying little respect to serostatus.
Conclusion
The epidemiology of HIV and AIDS disease involves the dynamic of risk but this provides theoretical information about this health problem (Leserman, 2008). With the help of ART therapy, people can avoid the problem of HIV and most of health care providers use this process. The world health organization developed annual project reports in the field of HIV and they estimated that in this modern generation most the adults eat unhealthy foods due to which their immune systems are not working properly. Prevention for HIV is one of the most important lessons for every country and WHO established many strategies and policies to address such kind of health issue (Park, et al., 2009).
There are many environmental factors that increase the HIV for example, cultural aspects, religion and traditions, lack of health infrastructure, sexual violence and many more. The HIV/AIDS plague is progressively viewed as a financial issue. Among variables causing neediness, social angles, including religion and customs, seem to assume a basic job in the quick and worldwide improvement of AIDS pestilence. Helps is a pathologic disorder caused by human immunodeficiency infection (HIV). Logical learning is required to avert and treat AIDS. Therefore, the financing of logical research is of most extreme significance for the development of HIV disease and the treatment of HIV is very costly by which some individuals are able to take proper treatment (Roberts, et al., 2010).
Hammer, et al., (2008) gave a give an account of HIV contamination and furthermore examined that the issue of HIV happen on the grounds that individuals eat undesirable nourishments and drink and they don’t pursue any wellbeing program by which the majority of the general population are living with AIDS and HIV. On-going information demonstrates that somewhere in the range of 1990 and 2000 aggregate yearly wearing down from all assets expanded right around five times from the 355 to more than 2001
Figure: HIV in Australia
(Source: Hammer, et al., 2008)
The normal rate of HIV in Australia was 2.4% and still, the fundamental driver of HIV and AIDS are not decided and it is fluctuating somewhere in the range of 40 and a half. The national wellbeing administrations created numerous social insurance techniques approaches for the aversion of the HIV and they additionally dissected the key components that impact this sort of medical problem. An aggregate of 28 organizations and workplaces speaking to 12 Federal Departments assume dynamic jobs in the arranging, usage, and checking of our Nation’s HIV anticipation, care, and treatment endeavours (Naeger, et al., 2010).
In the year 2010, the government of Australia developed national HIV and AIDS strategies that updated in the year 2015 (Letendre, Ellis, Ances, & McCutchan, 2010). This group meets the requirements of patients and also provide expert advice, guidance for the prevention of HIV and other health disease and they also provide a feedback process by which patient can contact the experts. Recent survey indicates that national HIV/AIDS strategy involve numbers of activities for examples, PREP framework which is used to federal efforts to enhance knowledge in the field of HIV disease, review of data and information effectively to reduce the rate of HIV infection, decreasing disparities in HIV and maintain the immune system of an individual.
NHAS is one of the most important health policies that were developed by the centre for disease and after the development of this strategy, United State addresses the HIV by 20% (Sartori, et al., 2010). This methodology reflects a large number of the methodologies CDC accepts will have the best effect in diminishing HIV, for example, escalating counteractive action for people with HIV and those at most astounding danger of getting to be contaminated with HIV, and focusing on assets to the intercessions and zones where we can have the best effect.
More ladies (16.1%) than men (12.3%) are living with HIV and AIDS. Accessible proof additionally shows ladies bear a heavier weight in consideration and support of PLHIV and vagrants and helpless youngsters (OVC). To guarantee a supported sex delicate reaction, the NASF coordinates a sexual orientation based investigation of the scourge drivers furthermore, other basic components (sexual orientation imbalance, destitution, wage variations) that are fuelling the scourge into the arranging and programming of the national reaction and observing and assessment (M&E).
Zambia country has one of the most elevated AIDS/HIV predominance rates on the planet and is one of the 12 sub-Saharan states that comprise the epicentre of the epidemic (Mahley, Weisgraber, & Huang, 2009). With a grown-up HIV predominance rate of 14% in year 2009, the nation was positioned 7th among the nations most influenced by HIV also, AIDS universally. The epidemic has spread quickly over all parts of civilization also, undermines to turn around the financial increases made since autonomy in year 1964. The general information of HIV and AIDS has reliably enhanced from 97% out of 2005 and to 99% of every 2007.
Among youngsters (15-24 a long time) information on the most proficient method to avoid HIV expanded somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2008 from 40.5% to 65% for females, and from 46.1% to 67% for guys. Be that as it may, far-reaching information of HIV has 20 national HIV and AIDS communication and advocacy strategy (2011-2015) stayed low. The level of youngsters who both effectively recognize methods for counteracting the sexual transmission of HIV and reject significant confusions about HIV transmission diminished from 48% of every 2005 (51% for guys and 45% for females) to 35% out of 2007 (37% for guys and 34% for females). National Health Service described that there are main four key factors that increase HIV diseases such as the low use of condoms, multiple sexual partnership, less uptake of gents circumcision, less uptake of HIV and AIDS testing, and transactional sex.
This essay is completely based on HIV health disorder and it is observed that the percentage of HIV has increased by 24% in the last five years. Today, this is a very serious problem in Australia and other counties because most people do not take proper treatment and eat only fast foods by which their body does not work effectively. HIV is caused due to lack of protection and bacteria and it is researched that this type of disease attacks on the human immune system. There are many signs and symptoms of HIV and AIDS disease which are described in this essay and with the help of this project people can gather their knowledge in the field of HIV issue. In this essay both qualitative and quantitative research process is used to improve the effectiveness and also discussed the opinion of other authors or writers. Therefore, patients can address this kind of problem by taking complete treatment and ART therapy. Individuals should adopt healthy diets and follow proper exercise plan by which they can maintain the metabolism of their body system and also address the HIV disease.
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