Research Methodology
In essence, research refers to a careful consideration of study concerning a particular problem using scientific methods in order to establish facts and find solutions. The medical field is one of the most critical sectors that researchers should focus on so as to come up with new solutions to complicated health problems. This paper is a critique of the article Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice by Polit, D,. and Beck, C.T. They researched about Evidence-based practice which refers to the use of best clinical evidence in caring of patience, and such evidence directly comes from research carried out by nurses and other healthcare practitioners (Polit and Beck, 2016). The main purpose of the research is to develop trustworthy evidence concerning the quality of the nursing profession and improve the health of the targeted clients (Hamer & Collinson, 2014). Furthermore, it eases the strain on the nursing staff for it will allow them to offer services based on evidence proven care.
Paradigms refer to the society view and are always characterized in terms of methods by which the world responds to philosophical questions (Shaban, 2015). In this context, the researcher experienced two major philosophical underpinnings regarding the methodology of the research; the first one is ontological where the researcher could not withhold the treatment from a patient to obtain the findings because the reality of withholding treatment on a critical patient is death (Connelly, 2016)The second one is epistemological where the clients didn’t understand the relationship between the researcher and what was being studied and how the knowledge could be obtained from the asked questions during the interview session.
The research designs employed in this particular article are: exploratory, the researcher was required to explore whether coronary artery bypass graft waiting list influenced the psychosomatic conditions of the patient with time (Miyasaki et.al, 2017) This method of research design is the best because it gives the researcher increased understanding in that the researcher will actualize why and how things happen. Secondly, it allows the concept to be tested before putting in practice finally gives better conclusions. The disadvantage of this research design is that it is costly and may be unsuccessful. On the other hand, explanatory was employed because the initial problem was not researched well before; in this case, therefore, the researcher conducted a study to develop an explanatory framework for comprehending women’s journey of recovery from anorexia nervosa (Connelly, 2016). 12 women were interviewed and used to explain recovery from an eating disorder.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Methodology
The method of data collection for this research was purely quantitative, in quantitative research methodology researchers typically begin with the area of study or an issue of professional and societal interest (Choy, 2014). Thereafter the researcher should scale down to focus on specific research questions. In the context, the researcher conducted the research on the professional background to boost the standards and confidence of the nursing staff through evidence practice. The researcher employed the use of questionnaires to collect the views of clients pertaining to common disorders like anorexia nervosa and what actually accelerates the healing of the patient. The researcher also employed the use of practical experiments to come out with a clear proven conclusion for this case by use of the coronary bypass graft to conduct the surgery. From the response of the clients, the researcher deduced the hypothesis and realized that both the experiment and the questionnaire made the research successful for the questionnaire was attended to by the clients on time and returned within a span of one week the coronary bypass graft gave valid results and gave the right conclusion for the research. After the research, it was found out that the psychosomatic conditions of the patient were greatly influenced by the time waiting of the coronary artery bypass graft. Similarly, the findings from the questionnaires were: the healing of a patient mostly relies on historical health and well-being, patients’ stress relating to the behavior of nursing staff, stress related to patients’ cultural background, and the nature of doctors’ experience confidence. These findings directly relate to the title of the research “Evidence-based practice”. Therefore, the research will widen the scope of nurses to support the notion that nursing practice should heavily rely on evidence from research (Laska, Gurman & Wampold, 2014). The data collection mostly targeted the elderly above the age of 50, at this age heart-related diseases are rampant and there is a need to curb them. Furthermore, detailed information about the research could be obtained from this particular age bracket.
To come up with findings of this research both probability and non-probability methods of sample collections were considered. Probability sampling is the random selection of individuals from the population, where each individual in a population has equal and independent chances of selection. On the other hand, non-probability sampling refers to methods where individuals are chosen through non-random methods of inclusion into research study (Kandola et al., 2014). In these sampling methods, direct involvement of the client was considered and therefore the interviewee was approached in an ethical manner to obtain effective findings.
Findings
The success of research broadly depends on the methodological approach, the research was successful and its success was greatly influenced by the strengths of the methodology, the following are the strengths of the methodology: first, the methodology had short time frame for administering survey, examining anorexia nervosa was within a span of a week as the victims were left to recover under the care of nursing staff. On the other hand, the psychosomatic disorder was examined within a span of a short period of time because it was just a question of whether it was influenced by the time when coronary artery bypass graft was carried out. Secondly, it was reliable to the researcher it had no complicated procedures to strain the researcher (Choy, 2014), and finally, the methodology facilitated numerical data for the clients and extents of agreeing or disagreeing with the respondents.
However, the methodology had weaknesses, the weaknesses were as follows: first, the methodology lacked resources for large-scale research; in case the researcher would like to expand the research in future it would be difficult due to financial issues. Secondly, the methodology had no depth experience description, the researcher was focusing on the evidence of based practice and thus depth description was made difficult by the methodology. Finally, the methodology lacked human perception and beliefs, in the case of anorexia, this eating disorder have completely no human belief (Hamer & Collinson, 2014). The weaknesses were mild enough to deter the researcher from arriving into conclusion.
After the research was conducted the following findings were obtained: the psychosomatic conditions of the patient were greatly influenced by the coronary artery graft bypass with time. Coronary artery bypass graft is a surgical procedure in which the autologous arteries are used as grafts to bypass coronary arteries that are partially obstructed by atherosclerotic pest (Alexander et al., 2016). The effect is mostly experienced among the target group of the research (adults above 50) this is so because this group of individuals is endangered in the following ways: mental stress and depression, which makes it difficult to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Another factor is menopause in women, low level of estrogen is experienced after menopause thus resulting in a significant risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (Melnyk, 2014). Finally, it is as a result of diabetes, individuals in this particular group were mostly found to be diabetic; diabetes contributes to increase in risk of heart of diseases.
According to the questionnaires filled by 12 women who were interviewed in the quest for understanding recovery from anorexia nervosa, a psychological and potentially life-threatening eating disorder. It was found out that: two types of anorexia were common to women, the purge and the restrictive. In purge type, the victim will often purge after eating and this relieves the fear of gaining weight and guilt of ingesting forbidden food (Mäkikallio et.al, 2016). Whereas in restrictive, the victim is often perceived highly self-disciplined they restrict the amount of food, calories, and high sugar foods. To focus on their recovery, three methods were employed: The first method was medical, whereby addressing of a serious health issue that resulted from eating disorder such as malnutrition was considered, the second method was nutritional which focuses on weight restoration, education on normal eating patterns and implementation of planned meal and finally therapy whose goal is to recognize issues related with eating disorder and heal from traumatic life events (Eating disorder coalition, 2018).
The researcher finally recommended that the amount of time that people above the age of 50 should be left in a coronary artery bypass graft should be timed to reduce psychosomatic disorders (Alexander et.al, 2016) In addition; the anorexia recovery patients should be given proper medical attention, planned nutrition and offered a quality therapy to enhance their recovery. The limitation of the study is that withholding a patient’s service puts his/her life at risk.
Conclusion
In reflection, the Evidence-Based Practice enhances the professional practice of all nurses and boosts the quality of service to the sick. In addition, the contact of the patient with the nursing staff should be so close because the recovery of patients greatly relies on patients’ stress relating to the behavior of nursing staff, stress related to patients’ cultural background, the nature of doctors’ experience confidence, and historical health and well-being
Reference
Alexander, J.H., M.D., M.H.S., and Peter K. Smith, M.D., (2016), Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1406944
Choy, L. T. (2014). The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(4), 99-104. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19-issue4/Version-3/N0194399104.pdf
Connelly, L. M. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://search.proquest.com/openview/44ffecf38cc6b67451f32f6f96a40c78/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=30764
Eating Disorder Coalition, (2018). Anorexia Nervosa: Causes, Symptoms, Signs and Treatment Help.Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/anorexia
Hamer, S., & Collinson, G. (2014). Achieving Evidence-Based Practice E-Book: A Handbook for Practitioners. Elsevier Health Sciences. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=PrGtut60e8UC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Kandola D, Banner D, O’Keefe-McCarthy S, Jassal D. (2014). Sampling Methods in Cardiovascular Nursing Research. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27356461
Laska, K. M., Gurman, A. S., & Wampold, B. E. (2014). Expanding the lens of evidence-based practice in psychotherapy: A common factors perspective. Psychotherapy, 51(4), 467. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.srplcsw.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Laska-Gurman-Wampold-2014-Expanding-the-lens-of-evidence-based-practice-in-psychotherapy-A-common-factors-perspective..pdf
Mäkikallio, T., Holm, N. R., Lindsay, M., Spence, M. S., Erglis, A., Menown, I. B., … & Ravkilde, J. (2016). Percutaneous coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass grafting in treatment of unprotected left main stenosis (NOBLE): a prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. The Lancet, 388(10061), 2743-2752. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27810312
Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher?Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout?Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence?based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real?world clinical settings: Proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing, 11(1), 5-15. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447399
Miyasaki, J. M., Rheaume, C., Gulya, L., Ellenstein, A., Schwarz, H. B., Vidic, T. R., … & Busis, N. A. (2017). Qualitative study of burnout, career satisfaction, and well-being among US neurologists in 2016. Neurology, 10-1212. Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28931640
Polit, D,. Beck, C.T. (2016). Nursing Research: Generating And Assessing Evidence For Nursing practice. (10th ed.). Philadelphia: US. Water Klaus.
Shaban, R. (2015). Theories of clinical judgment and decision-making: A review of the theoretical literature. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine, 3(1). Retrieved on 16th August 2018 from https://ajp.paramedics.org/index.php/ajp/article/view/308/307
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