Economic Impact
Globalisation is understood to be as the process of interaction and integration among individuals, firms and governments all around the world. With the advancements in communication and transportation technology the pace of the globalisation has increased. Globalisation has favoured many people, individuals and firms and has helped them in increasing their reach across the borders. In economic terms, globalisation includes goods and services as well as economic resources of technology, data and capital. Politically it includes making world a global village. In Spite of several benefits that it provides to everyone there are still many individuals or groups that oppose globalisation. There are several aspects of looking at this Globalisation.
In terms of economy, people are opposing globalisation as it results in large amount of job losses. This can be attributed by the fact that because of globalisation market gets open for all the people from any parts of the world to seek job. This results in the less numbers of people getting job from the local areas. Companies hire the best of talents at cheapest of cost from different parts of the world so as to fulfil the talent pool. This is happening all around the world and hence many protests have been raised by the people in this regards. For example Multinational IT companies in US are hiring large numbers of talents from the Asia and this has increased the unemployment among the local American Citizens. Along with this what globalisation does is to promote bigger companies to do business in different parts of the World. This supresses the local market in terms of two things first the range of products and second cheapness. This is the reason why most of the time local people protests against the bigger companies having large amount of resources. They generally utilise their resources to gain competitive advantage over their rivals. Apart from this, the local people are also concerned about the company utilising their resources too rigorously and it creates a problems related to sustainability.
In many countries it is also seen that government buys lands from villagers or native people for giving it to the big business firms so that they can start business on it. This often led to people raising protest against the globalisation. The case becomes worse when the companies or governments are not able to give the equivalent amount of compensations to the local people. Many people understand the reason that due to globalisation, the interdependence of the economies on each other has increased. This increase in the interdependence also leads to situations where if economic turmoil happens in one part of world gets reflected back in other part. This takes the autonomous nature of the economy and hence is opposed by people. After Globalisation it was seen that each country started to help others in terms of the monetary or relief funds. This made them in debt which they could not weaver may lead to financial crisis. The perfect example of it is the European Union where each and every support other countries but at the same time it does not let smaller countries to come up.
Social Impact
Inflation is also caused by the globalisation up to certain extent. This is because there are many products that are not manufactured in a country but to fulfil their needs they are importing it from other nations. Import prices certainly depend on the prices of the commodity in the exporter country and the tax that is applied on that commodity. The best example of it is the petroleum prices. This leads people to raise protests against the increased prices. Another important aspect of not accepting the globalisation is that it allows products from outside of the country in huge numbers by the process of import. This becomes a problem when the internal resources of the country or the products that are made inside the nation are not able to get utilised at the optimum level. The local suppliers or farmers often get annoyed by this and it reduces the internal production capacity of any nation.
In social context, most of the time, people and groups are concerned about the cultural values that globalisation brings with itself. Companies generally bring culture of the country from their parent nation to the host nations. It is not that just companies bring culture with them but the media also plays a vital role in this. Media creates a sense of lifestyle or fashion that is adopted by the local people. This tends to destroy the original cultural values and practices that exist in the society. This is very high in the case of fashion as traditional wardrobes have been replaced by the western ideas. For example most of the countries especially that were under colonial rule are now following the culture of their colonial ruler. The long term influence of the outside culture always tends to overcome the local culture. This effect can also be seen in terms of festivals that were previously celebrated in any country. Changes can be easily seen in the market especially in the entertainment industry. The art and drama which has a reflection of the society also tends to change slowly. The western concepts become superior and the cultural art gets vanished. For example the concepts of Hollywood are now taking over all the other entertainment industries in various other parts of the world. Due to this interference, the local touch starts to get vanished or sometimes the art that they portray also hurts the sentiments of people from other culture and hence leads to conflict.
Political Impact
Globalisation with the help of technology and transportation has empowered companies to do trade across borders. This has ultimately resulted in making few people highly rich and the control of the powers have accumulated in these few people only. It is also reducing the knowledge of the people regarding their tradition customs, practices and values. This is disturbing the orthodox people living in the society as they were concerned about their children not growing up like them. Globalisation has been one of the major reasons for people who are not skilled up to the international standards are not being able to find jobs and hence lots of jobs cuts are going on and hence increasing unemployment. The case of increasing unemployment can also be seen in terms of the fact that many small local manufacturers in any area and bigger firms coming from outside their country outshine them. They grab control on the market. Smaller factories provide larger numbers of employment as compared to bigger firms as bigger firms generally relies on the automation to get things done. The result of it is the agitation in the minds of the people. The groups that are making efforts to save any culture or society always stands oppose the globalisation. Other thing that globalisation has done is that it has enhanced the mobility of people which is generally opposed by local people.
Aboriginal people often do not accept globalisation; this is because they are very much attached with their culture and do not want to change according to some other culture. Companies coming in the tribal belts for their establishments are often not welcomed. Tribal group wants that their interest should not be hampered in the process of business development hence they often stand against the government.
In political terms, globalisation is being opposed by set of people because it brings liberalism and capitalism with itself. In the countries that were following communist ideologies globalisation was opposed form the very start. They said that it tends to further empower the people with money with more power more outside resource so as to influence the environment of the country. Political ideologies have also been affected by the globalisation as socialist parties which were not supporting capitalism are now supporting it. This makes the people in fury especially the groups that were standing at the lowest step of the society. They are losing their political support. When their political voices are not heard they raise protests against the governments. Due to increasing interest of one country in others, it is seen that more powerful countries are making the prey of smaller nations and are influencing them politically in their policy making. Political alliances have become more common especially in the field of technology transfer and defence. Every country is aiming to gain their political influence in the other country by the help of strategic partnership with that country. This is not liked by the local people as they do not like external influences in their internal affairs. Previously the political alliances were just built in between the neighbouring nations. After globalisation, countries are trying to find their partners in all the parts of the world hence creating a situation where due to cultural dissimilarity people often dislike such partnerships.
Unemployment and Job Losses
Technology and globalisation has complemented each other. Due to globalisation, it is seen that technology got spread to many parts of the world. The biggest impact can be seen in the case of automation as technology developed in any part of the world reaches to the other part. Due to this technology change there are several job cuts made checking the environment condition in their country. There are people that are from diverse cultural backgrounds and hence their technological knowledge varies. This often leads to staying behind of the competitors hence they oppose globalisation. It has also been seen that people in the rural backgrounds often do not get access to the technology while the cities have developed highly advanced technologies. The digital divide is getting enhance day by day which is frustrating people and are not letting them come up as the other section of the society has edge over the others.
Globalisation also influences the rules, regulations, and policies in a country. This is generally not supported by the local people. This is because most of the rules and regulations made by the external pressure always try to hinder the rights and interests of the people that are within the country. When their interests get hampered, it will not allow building a positive environment within the country. It is also seen that governments are under pressure of the multinational companies to change their policies that could favour them. This often leads to disruption in the society and more often some of the other social groups come up against the decisions. It is also found that businesses that are from the local market always has a fear of losing their grounds whenever any big corporate area gets build up in the locality. Big firms eat up the smaller ones in a race to excel and take control in the market. This monopoly strategy is used by the firms to ensure that they have a bigger market share at the same time at later stage of the expansion they also control the prices. Such acts are often not welcomed by the people. The problem becomes worse when the laws related to labour and other business elements gets to change. The change of rules such as working hours and incentive policies has effect on the people and hence they generally do not stand in favour of the globalisation.
The immigration of people from one part to another also leads to spreading of communicable diseases. It is because genes transferred from one generation to another and when they get affected by any particular type of diseases, the chance of getting it spread increases. This is the reason why many intellectuals do not support immigration at larger levels. In Canada, there are large numbers of Indians living in the country. The population of these people are increasing at such a high speed that the original culture of Canada is getting affected. Their political power is also increasing and hence the aboriginal people are facing problems in many ways. This has increased the tussle between the two communities and hence is a perfect example of the fact that how the globalisation and its elements are affecting the local socio-cultural environment of the country.
Cultural Values and Practices
Globalisation is also opposed by the people as it tends to reduce the internal development of the society as the influence of the external society can be clearly seen. In economic terms many a times it has been noticed that individuals starts opposing globalisation. This is due to the fact that their personal growth gets hampered by the globalisation. For example a multi-national company having large financial strength comes to any region it tends to kill the entire individual business and hence resulting in their agitation. In the technological era of business this has become much easier for the multinational firms. This is the major reason that there is increase in the inequality as some business reaches to the top of the chart while the smaller businessman tends to die. It is not that just small businessman gets affected by the globalisation, sometimes it’s the big local companies that also gets affected by this. For example Flipkart was one of the most successful e-retailer companies in India. Once Amazon came to India they used their experience in the international market along with their operational management strategies. This helped the organisation to emerge on the top of the market. They almost killed Amazon and hence it sold its shares to another big International giant Wal-Mart. Now the Indian e-retail market which is one of the biggest markets in the world is controlled by two western companies. In future it is estimated that more numbers of people will be going to do online shopping. This is going to influence a whole lot of local shop owners.
In spite of the fact that tourism has increased due to globalisation as many foreign tourists are coming to any country but at the same time it has affected the local tourism in two ways. First it has reduced the number of local tourist coming regularly to any place. Their numbers were high previously and constituted the major part of the customer’s numbers but now since people have options hence they are choosing some other destinations outside the country to travel. Second is that many bigger companies have taken over the business at the tourist spots. This has affected the localities who were earning from the business of tourism at that place. There were more selling the local products and were earning good but now the big firm have established their units at these spots and are doing business. They generally sell the things that are manufactured in some other parts of the world but are available at the cheaper cost. This is generally opposed by the localities. They also tend to destroy the local touch in the tourism. This is the reason why governments have forced the tourism companies to make their decisions based on the cultural and traditional aspect of that region. The sustainable development plans of the company need to consider the benefits of the local people as well.
Mobility of People
One of the major reasons why people oppose globalisation is that the big multinational companies dump their lower quality products in the countries of lower importance or in the countries where the anti-dumping laws are not so strong. Dumping also depends on the market they want to serve in i.e. whether the market will accept the products or not. It is highly dependent on the society. If the purchasing power of the people is on the lower side what company does is that it reduces the cost of their product and dumps its lower quality products in that market. Due to lower prices people generally purchases it but after a certain period of time they understand that they have been cheated and hence starts opposing the companies. Globalisation has been understood as the major reason for this dumping. In food industry this can have very serious consequences hence anti-dumping laws are made strong in various parts of the world.
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