Application of Information Technology in business
This literature review depicts the role of Information Technology for the successful business implementation. It is defined that though IT is beneficial but at the same time due to lack of usage of IT a business may lead towards massive failure. There are many issues and challenges associated to the application of Information Technology in the business operations and functionalities. A wide investigation will be conducted on the issues and challenges associated to IT adoption, implementation as well as utilization. In order to meet the business requirements it is mandatory for the project manager and the project team members to use the application of IT accurately. In order to align business to the consumer’s needs Information Technology should be applied in such a way so that all the challenges and issues can be resolved.
The concept of Information Technology (IT) revolution is an appropriate global event that includes different challenges throughout different countries. However the challenges of the IT can be broadly categorized in several key threads and the core segments includes the following:
- Advanced technology and innovation
- Network economics and information
- Dynamics of the politics as well as international relationship
- Changes in the cultural as well as social theory
Information Technology can be utilized by the project manager and the business owners in different ways such as in the form of Internet of Things (IOT), Cloud computing technology etc. According to (Daniel) for designing smart city, smart wearing and smart home the concept of IOT can be used [8]. On the other hand, for managing wide range of business related information the concept of cloud computing is used.
For managing business operation the Information Technology (IT) can be essentially used. According to Galliers recently regardless of the type of the business the concept of Information technology is using by the business owners to gain competitive advantages and commercial profit at the same time [3]. In order to store, retrieve, access and transfer data from the sender side to the receiver side this is mandatory for the business owners to use Information Technology (IT). The overall business efficiency will also improve if the concept and application of IT properly utilized. Though different challenged and issues are also associated to IT and the details of the issues are also elaborated in this literature review.
Businesses are facing serious challenges during the adoption and implementation of IT t their businesses. The challenges of IT during the adoption of the IT are as follows:
Lack of experts: In most cases the fresher are hired by the HR department who has lesser skills and experience. According to Niu due to lack of knowledge and skills mostly they fails to mitigate suddenly occurred security challenges [9]. This is referred to as major challenges for the business owners.
Challenges and issues related to IT
Lack of financial support: In order to implement an IT supporting system for increasing business effectiveness and overall business efficiency, financial support is also required. Due to lack of commercial support the company may also face serious challenge in implementation of the IT application.
Lack of resource identification: In order to design and operate the business application as per the organizational objectives the company associates should identify the resources properly and must gather data from those resources. If the associates fail to identify the mandatory IT resources then also the company may face serious challenges.
Lack of IT infrastructure: The requirements for different business vary from each other and based on the requirements of the business the strategies are to be formed by the marketing and management owners [9]. In order to design the system an accurate IT infrastructure should have to be designed by the business owners. If the business lack supportive infrastructure the serious IT challenge may occur.
Cost: Cloud computing technology is another application of information technology. In case of cloud cost is defined as a major challenge. Though it is affordable but while tuning platform from one to another high cost is needed. According to Garcia Lopez for the small scale projects and short lived projects transfer of data from public cloud can cost high expense [3]. Entering to a cloud computing agreement is found to be as an easy job than leaving it. Vendor lock in approach is referred to as a major issue for the cloud IT application.
On the other hand, challenges and issues may face during the implementation of the system. The challenges or issues of Information Technology (IT) are different for the various application fields. Each of the problem domains are partly elaborated in the below section:
Technical issues: The technical issues associated to the IT application are of different types such as related to hardware, software and formats. Mass storage media is needed for storing huge set of electronic records.
Sadeghi, Wachsmann and Waidner stated that, another issue for the system is being identified such as fragility that leads the entire system to low durability [7]. Also lack of knowledge concerning regarding the durability of various media storage is a serious issues. Lack of security for the electronic files is referred to as another major challenge for the IT application. New version of the software programs and products are rapidly developing due to the software related problems [10]. Public administration for the product design and implementation are another challenge for those companies and businesses which are using the concept of Information Technology. In most of the cases it is recognized that, most of the available software systems fails to handle several version of data or they fails to encourage storage of various versions. Rapid changes in the software and their usage are another major issue associated to the application of IT. The businesses are facing long-term challenges due to the consequences of inaccurate application of the system.
Technical issues
Kosinski stated that in order to resolve the technical issues technical refreshments are also being incorporated to the application of IT [12]. Not only this but also different technologies are also being used by the businesses to resolve the IT related challenges. In order to keep maintain the track record of the updated software system this is mandatory for the companies to transfer all mandatory information from the sender side to the receiver side. During migration data may lost from the transmission channel.
Apart from this, in most of the cases it happens that due to lack of technically supporting IT environment the applications fail to run as per the expectation of the business owners. During the technical environment migration such as from the hardware and software play form data may loss from the server which is another massive issue. For weak data preservation strategy information may be loss from the server. Avram opined that, the system that is operating on the new business environment may fail to work in the previous application platform [1]. In other works it can be said that, platform emulation rather migration may cause information loss or enhance the rate of data loss in the business environment.
Legal issues: The business organization may face legal issues also. The ease and rapidity of the changes may lead to the legal issues also. The legal issues of Information Technology deal with integrity, provenance and data authenticity. The way through which the data authenticity and evidence related issues can be resolved is also elaborated by different authors. In order to make sure the ways through which the legal documents can be preserved are the legal issues associated to the application of IT.
Organizational issues: Most of the challenges related to IT, leads to organizational issues. If the project team member fails to preserve all the information with high security then organizational issues may occur in the business organizations [12]. Unemployment is referred to as one of the most identifiable challenges associate to the Information Technology (IT) application. The business process always streamlined with the help of the advanced application of IT. Some of the middle and lower level jobs are accomplishing with the IT application therefore the assigned employees are becoming unemployed.
Though, the working efficiency increases a lot but still if all the measures are not properly followed then intra organizational conflict also may occur in the business applications. In other words the unemployment can also be demonstrated as a lack of security in job. Khan stated that in this current age of internet, job insecurity has been highlighted as major issues as the role of technology keep on changing with the changing time period [14]. If the company fails to arrange supportive on job training and development program then also the employees will not be able to meet the organizational success criteria. It can be said that the employees should focus on consistent improvement program that will be arranged by the organizational management department.
Legal issues
Security issues: Traditionally most of the organizations used to utilize manual data management approach. This approach was quite difficult for the from both the consumer and business perspectives. Fernie and Sparks stated that manual information management was time consuming and the chances of error occurrence were also very high in this case. In order to mitigate theses issues the businesses have started incorporating the concept of IT to their business. However, if the business owners fail to adopt proper security measures accordingly then security challenges may develop.
In order to maintain the security of the system the security mechanism that are necessary for the company to adopt are encryption, decryption and application firewall. According to (Lin) the encryption and the decryption keys should not be shared with any third party but if the key is shared among the employees then the outsiders or the external unwanted users will be able to easily access data from the server without taking permission from the business owners [17]. On the other hand of the application firewall is not applied accurately to keep the data transmission channel secured from the external attacker, and then also the data can be hijacked from the data transmission channel. (Díaz) stated that in case of the application of the cloud computing technology it gives hue storage to the users [18]. It is the responsibility of the business owners to keep the server secured from the external attackers. If the server is not kept not secured then that may also cause serious challenges to the business owners.
Conclusion
From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, with the successful application of the Information Technology the business efficiency will increase along with competitive advantages. However, if all the functionalities are not properly utilized then massive issues and challenges may occur in the business which may also interrupt the expected success of the business. The challenges and issues associated to the IT are elaborated in this report. In addition to this, the issues of all the IT applications such as cloud computing, IOT, virtualization, data mining are illustrated in this report. Security is identified as one of the major issues of IT application. If t is not applied appropriately then different potential issues may occur. However these issues are needed to be resolved to ensure the success of any business. In order to store and retrieve data, for market level promotional activities the concept of IT should be utilized. For managing all the information accurately IT should be used. The issues of intra organizational conflict can also be resolved through high level communication approach, which is operated by advanced Information Technology (IT).
Organizational issues
References
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