Can Lean Six Sigma Be Used To Reduce Medication Errors In The Health-Care Sector?

Voice of the customer (VOC)

The foremost purpose of this essay is to develop a project management report to organise the FIFA world cup tournament in Russia 2018. The organisation of the world cup in Russia is needed to be done in such a way so that it maintains the legacy of this prestigious tournament with respect to the growth and development of football in the hosting country (Sarhan et al., 2018). The roles and responsibilities of each of the associated contributors of this global tournament have to be sorted out so that there are no issues while the tournament is underway as thousands of foreign fans will be travelling to the country during the tournament.

Lean project management is defined as the type of project management which highlights the importance of the quality of services provided to the clients. The lean project management is considered all over the global tournament starting from the promotional tours before the world cup to the post tournament affairs (Alias et al., 2014). This tournament is participated by more than 100 nations in the qualifying stages all around the world and it involves 32 international teams in the final round. So this global tournament is a very complex project and it requires maximum amount of dedication as it will be viewed by billions of people all over the world. Efficient management team has to be set up for this tournament so that it enhances the reputation of both the participating host nation as well as the FIFA organisation who has been hosting this prestigious tournament from 1928. With the help of the lean project management this project has to be taken to a completely new level so that the client satisfaction related to the event can be achieved.

This project has different types of aspects which have to be managed very well by the different project managers of each level. The different aspects of this global tournament such as the quality of services offered to the international travelling players and their backend teams along with the fans are very important for this project (Emblemsvåg, 2014). High level of project management is required in this global project which will be helping the hosting authorities to a significant aspect (Irina et al., 2016). The lean project management should be done in such a way that it eliminates all the possible risks which may come have a direct negative impact on the reputation of the tournament such as the accommodation problems in the hotels for the visiting teams and proper training facilities which needs to be attached with the residential hotels. These are the very important parameters for the overall success of this lean project management.

Critical to customer Requirement (CCR)

The foremost determination of this unit of the paper is to focus on the relation between the overall requirements of the project. The different needs and requirements of this project are stated in this section. Services provided to all the international clients are the most important factor of regarding this unit of the lean project management (Kerzner, 2017). The voice of customers helps in knowing the exact needs and requirements of those international clients which will be a very important factor from the data gathered directly from those clients. If the satisfaction criteria of those travelling fans are not meet then the project will be considered as a failure. The gathering of the requirement from the international travelling fans is very much important for the management of this project as without knowing the requirement it is very difficult to manage a lean project (Conforto et al., 2016). All the possible limitations associated with the collection of the requirement such as the international work permits of the travelling footballers and visa issues of the fans are the other important parameter in this global project as effective project management steps are needed to be taken in order to curb those limitations.

The voice of the customer is one of the most significant techniques of this lean project management as it involves all the internal and external stakeholders associated with this project. The data collected from the voice of customers are managed by the higher authorities of the project such as the operational managers as well as the project managers of each department (Browning & Ramasesh, 2015). The prime determination of the internal stakeholders of this project is to enhance the reputation of this global tournament and meet the requirement of the clients. Different types of complex processes are required to get the overall requirement of this project. The different aspects of those complex processes are as followings.

The data gathered from the international travelling fans from all around the globe should be managed with the help of multi linguistic experts as most of those people may use different languages and currencies.
Maintaining the quality of those services it can be said that the experts should be given proper advanced trainings as those fans may have a different culture and way of living (Dave et al., 2016).
Effective teams should be there in stand by regarding managing the log of complaints from the fans and players during the tournament.
Observation is one of the major parts of requirement gathering, due to this concern there is need of installing cctv cameras in every corner of the streets and other electronic gadgets which will be helping the governing bodies of the organiser to a significant extent.

The success rate of this global project depends on different types of factor and voice of customer is one of the major parameters regarding the management of this project (Tenera & Luís Carneiro, 2014).

Among all the different types of factors affecting the outcome of this project critical to customer requirement is one of them. All the movable and unmovable part of this project is identified and changes are made according to the requirement. The prime objective of each moving section of the project is related to the delivery of standard operations. Based on the observation it can be understood that each of the moving parts are related to each other. For obtaining the desired standard of the results all the stakeholders associated with the project such as the third party vendors, operational teams, marketing teams, quality assessment teams, all these teams should be having good compatibility among themselves. All these stakeholders play a very important part in this project as their functionalities help smooth conduction of the project (Ansah, Sorooshian & Mustafa, 2016). Gathering the requirements from the international travelling plans is one of the prime tasks of the stakeholders and based on their finding the project starts. The satisfaction level of the customers is the main business objective of this project.

Critical to Quality Parameters (CTQ)

The quality of service provided to the clients of this project is related with the critical to quality parameters. Since customer satisfaction is the most important criteria of this project, this criterion is effectively managed by different parameters. The internal quality parameters used in these projects are the teams which look after the flight journey, hotel bookings, cars and accommodations of the customers. Their quality and service provided by these teams is managed regularly by the supervisor teams which help their team to maintain their quality of services (de Carvalho, Patah & de Souza Bido, 2015). Implementation of the six sigma is the other crucial reason behind the maintenance and preservation of those quality parameters as the six sigma parameters monitors, controls and improves the parameters. The quality of the proposed services is effectively maintained by the different critical quality parameters. The critical quality parameter should be identified prior to the starting of the project. The two major phases of the critical quality parameters are end product parameters and the associated process parameters which have the capability of determining the quality of the parameters.

This global project involves different types of functionalities as it involves stakeholders from different parts of the world. For smooth conduction of the services, all the bigger complex tasks are divided into simpler forms so that the smaller parts are easier to manage in a more effective way. The tasks are divided in such a way that the subtasks are easier to manage by the project managers and operational managers. It is easier for them to manage the smaller modules and get into the depth of each of the subtasks (Sohi et al., 2016). The other benefit of the implementation of the lean project management is the control of the project wastages. The control in wastages has a direct impact on the investments of the investors also. All the available resources can be better utilised with the help of the implementation of lean project management, as it is very much important for the investors of this project as billions of amounts is spent on a single FIFA world cup tournament.

PMBOK

The main benefits of the application of PMBOK in FIFA world cup lean project management are as followings:

Better utilisation of the available resources which controls the flow of investment.
Reduction of wastages and improving the quality of service (Brioso, 2015).
The most important benefit after application of PMBOK in lean project management is the satisfaction of the travelling football teams and fans.

PRINCE2

The CTQ tree is the most important parameter regarding the implementation of the PRINCE2. The CTQ directly alters the overall functionality of this project and helps in maintaining the direct values which are related to the basic standards of this huge project (Leach, 2014). The different types of steps which are required to be followed for the implementation of CTQ in PRINCE2 are stated below:

Implementation of Lean Project management

Step1: Client Requirement

The success factor of the project will mainly depend upon the appropriate requirement of the project which is obtained from the customers. The requirement should be clear for all the parties involved in this project as any alterations have a direct negative impact on the success rate of the project.

Step2: Driver management

The success rate of this huge project is dependent on numerous factors and choosing the appropriate drivers is one of them (Sunder, 2016). The project requires different driver in different roles in the project, their recruitment should be based on their professionalism, efficiency and ability to meet deadlines which is the most important factor in a lean project management. Choosing an effective driver would surely lead to the desired level of success for this project.

Step3: Professionalism

The project involves different types of areas which are very much important for the completion of the project on time, such as the data gathered from the drivers of any specific department in the project, it has to be acknowledged and managed by the team leaders before passing it to their respective managers who will deliver those data’s to the higher authorities and finally to the investors so each of the phases requires special care, the data should not be altered at all as it will have a direct impact on the final outcome or the business goal of the project (Martínez-Jurado & Moyano-Fuentes, 2014).

The success rate of this huge project is dependent upon numerous factors which are related to the hosting of a major international tournament. Each of the sub tasks of a complex bigger tasks have to be well managed, so that there are less chances of error in the final productivity (Liu et al., 2015). Since this is a huge project involving thousands of tasks and categories there will be different limitations attached to it but it is the responsibility of the project managers of each department to restrict those basic errors (Tripp, Saltz & Turk, 2018). The two fundamental techniques of the agile practices of the organisational lean project management are stated below:

Direct relation

Indirect relation

This is a business situation when the business is conducted without the help of numerous third parties in order to maintain efficiency and privacy of the project as we know that some of the activities in a FIFA world cup match such the performance artists in the opening and the closing ceremonies are sometimes not revealed by the organisers. Sometimes methods are directly given to the customers without any intervention from a middle person. This technique is followed in specific modules of the project where it is needed.

This is a type of business situation which involves more employees in any specific tasks such as the amount of sponsors and co-sponsors as their marketing strategies will be helping the project to spread worldwide. More data will be spread in the world for this particular event more it will generate revenue for the investors. The business areas area of this project is not only limited to the hosting nations but other nations also who were participating in the event and this is a very important parameter for the success rate of the project. According to this concept, the retailer and the distributor are directly linked to the concept of service.

Table1: Created by the author

The different specifications of the Lean Six Sigma in the lean project management involving the world cup in Russia are as described in this unit of the paper.

Client centric	Requirement values	Agility	Visibility
The main advantage of the lean six sigma is its direct involvement of the requirements of the client (Trakulsunti & Antony, 2018). The methodology provides maximum focus on maintaining the basic requirement of the clients so that the final outcomes do not impact the desired success of the project.	The amount of importance this methodology provides to the requirement of the clients is one of the most important features of all the projects which have been incorporated using this methodology (Ko, 2017). The prime feature of this methodology on the world cup tournament is to focus mainly on the satisfaction level of the international tourists.	It is one of the main and the most important feature of this methodology which focuses on the quality of service provided by the world cup organisers to the international media and team who has come not only to participate in the event but also have plenty of social activities (Martens & Carvalho, 2017). Enhanced communication and customer engagement is one of the main agile properties of the DMAIC methodology.	This concept mainly involves the development of the risk matrix related to all the potential limitations of the project (Al Hattab & Hamzeh, 2015). The risk matrix related with this project is presented in a structured manner and followed so that all those possible risks can be identified in the first place and resolved with immediate effect. The visibility step will be helping to mitigate all the potential risks so that it do not have any adverse effect on the success rate of the project.

Table2: Created by the author

This essay focuses on the implementation of the lean project management skills on the organisation of the football world cup in 2018. The document is prepared from the perspective of a project manager who has to identify certain aspects of the tournament in such a way so that the project accomplishes its proposed business objectives. Since this global tournament is a huge tournament it has a very complex structure which are subdivided into simpler tasks which makes them easier to manage.

The essay also highlights the importance of different aspects in an international event such as the FIFA world cup like VOC, CCR and CTQ. The document relates the different types of lean project management tools with the selected topic.

From the above essay it can be concluded there are different types of factors which can have a direct positive and negative impact on a project. It is really important to know all the possible risks and limitations of the project before starting it. This essay focuses on the importance of the different aspects of the lean project management which helps to understands certain business situations and analyse them.

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