Design Challenges for Resource Allocation in Mobile Communication
With the advancement of technology and mobile equipment becoming more affordable and feature enriched the demand for improved and reliable communication is being the topmost priority for the consumer as well for the service provider [5]. However this brings a lot of new challenges for the designer specially the challenges is to address the problem of resource allocations.
Next gen communication, an multinational company specializing in cmobile equipment manufacturing wants to have a comprehensive overview of the resource allocation schemes in various available mobile communication technique with a special focus in the LTE communication as the company wants to invest in that direction.
This paper will include an detailed discussion on resource allocation scheme in various wireless communication technology such as LTE- Advanced, LTE, Mobile WIMAX, CDMA2000, WCDMA and UMTS. The difference between these schemes along with a literature review on this topic has been included. The paper will also discuss on recent advancement in this area for a better overview on this topic
There are several design challenges for the resource allocation in mobile digital communication [5]. The issue of resource allocation is identified bellow:
The limitation in bandwidth is one of the leading design challenges in the resource allocation. The bandwidth is limited and each service provider is assigned with a range of bandwidth. The service provider has to work with that assigned range of bandwidth and hence efficient and smart allocation of bandwidth is one of the leading issue in the resource allocation design.
While allocating the communication challenge as the resources among the users, one of the main problem is to reduce the interference among the co-channel in the same cell structure. The cell structure is the logical division of geographic region to serve a many users with limited communication channel. Hence interference is often seen between the channels which is challenge in efficient resource allocation
The communication and the data service offered to the users is provided through modulation of communication signal. The modulation is need for the digital communication. However the modulation requires efficient allocation of transmitting power. However, majority of the mobile devices used in the mobile communication has sufficient power and hence the modulation technique needs to be power efficient. Hence successful allocation of transmitting power for these devices are a major challenge in this context.
While designing the resource allocation scheme in the mobile communication, the quality of service is an important challenge to consider. The users should have efficient resource allocation so that the quality of the service is maintained. The quality of service is an important aspect to be met no matter how limited the resources are.
|
TDM |
FDM |
OFDMA |
SC-OFDMA |
OFDM |
CDMA |
|
It is based on time division multiplexing access |
It is based on frequency division multiple access |
It is based on time division multiple access and frequency division multiplexing |
It is based on frequency division multiplexing |
It is based on frequency division multiplexing |
It is based on code division multiple access |
|
The resource are allocated in time sharing basis. The users are allocated a time frame and within that time frame the entire bandwidth along with other resources such as processing power, amplitude modulation power is allocated to the assigned users. Other users need to wait before a time frame is assigned to them |
Here the entire bandwidth is divided into number of subsequent smaller bandwidth and that portion of assigned to a particular user. While one users is assigned the resource, the other users are assigned other portion of the bandwidth,. Hence more number of users are supported in the same time |
The mechanism is same that of the FDM. However there is a slight difference in resource allocation. Here the frequency are divided into such a way that they are orthogonal to each other which results in even better resource allocation compared to the traditional FDM scheme. Along with that time division multiplexing is also considered when resource demand is less and does not need bandwidth division as in the case of higher bandwidth requirement |
The mechanism is same as the OFDMA technique. However there are difference in choice of carrier while allocating the resource. here single band carrier are used instead of double band carrier as used in the OFDMA technique which results in better power management in the overall resource management |
Ofdm also works as the same as the OFDMA technique. However here time division multiplexing is not considered as in the case of the OFDMA |
The technique is different than the TDM or FDM. Here users are assigned unique codes while resource are allocated. The coding technique allows to differentiate users and hence helpful for resource management. the coding technique allows to serve different users same at the same time without dividing the bandwidth for the communication as seen in case of FDM technique |
Differences between the Uplink Resource Allocation Schemes
According to L. Navarro and M. Zelkowitz (2017), although LTE redefines the modern wireless communication technology, the true potential of LTE technology has not been yet able to realize the true potential of the 4g technology such as high speed internet access anywhere anytime, allocation of bandwidth in efficient manner and improved power management of mobile devices for faster communication and maintenance of quality of service or the QOS. Hence new resource allocation scheme need to be introduced to improve the resource allocation compared to the traditional 4g communication model. The author in this regard has suggested for the SC-FDMA or Single-carrier FDMA. It is a frequency division multiple access scheme. Here a single carrier is used for the transmission of the communication signal. The available frequency is allocated through multiple users and each users then assigned a portion of the available frequency for communication. As compared to traditional OFDMA, the power resource management is also improved here as the scheme uses low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and hence offers better resource allocation in terms of bandwidth and transmitting power.
According to L. Navarro and M. Zelkowitz (2017), the 4g communication standard or the LTE was aimed at improving the communication standard against the 3g protocol which is also known as the UMTS technique. In order to do that intelligent resources allocation was needed. The author has here suggested for the OFDMA or the orthogonal frequency-division multiple access. Here the subcarriers are further divided into smaller carriers and those subcarriers are then assigned to the users. Hence it is possible to serve larger user with limited bandwidth. It also provides support for simultaneous low-data-rate transmission with smart resource allocation
Woulds (2016) havesuggested for OFDMA and OFDM technique for the resource allocation in Mobile WIMAX. Although OFDM is improved over the traditional frequency division multiple access, the power allocation and management was still a major issue. However this issue was improved in the OFDMA technique with better resource allocation with smart bandwidth management. The author has suggested for the combination of these two techniques for better resource management.
In the CDMA200 technique G. Kovacich and A. Jones (2017) have discussed for the TDM technology. TDM is used for time division multiplexing. Here the available channel bandwidth is fixed and hence to assign the channel bandwidth among multiple users are time multiplexing is used. Here each users is assigned a timeslot and within that time frame only the assigned users are allowed to use the available resource. No other users are allowed to access the resources such as channel bandwidth, transmitting power and modulation power and carrier power.
In the multiple access scheme in WCDMA, the author has asked for the integration of the FDM and TDM technique. G. Kovacich and A. Jones (2017) have suggested for the interchange of this techniques as per the resource demand. The author has suggested that when resourced demand is high FDM has to be used as it does not occupy the total bandwidth for the entire communication. When the resourced demand is moderate TDM is used. The integration of these two techniques, according to the author will results in more smart and efficient resource allocation.
UMTS is the preferred technology for the 3rd generation of mobile technology. J. Chenoweth (2017) have here suggested for code division multiple access technology for multiple resource allocation. In the CDMA technique each users are assigned a unique code during the resource access. This codes are used for differentiating each users during the resource allocation so that each users are identified properly and resource are distributed properly. The CDMA technique is different is different than the TDM and FDM technique.
|
Technology |
Description |
Advancement |
|
Bandwidth and QAS scheduler (BQA) |
It is a time domain scheduler that allocates resources and it is largely based on time domain multiplexing |
Compared to the traditional time domain multiplexing, it has the following advantages [5]: Reduction in real time traffic delay Lower packet loss ratio Improved quality of service |
|
Femtocell |
It is new and improved technique for cell division of communication area |
Compared to traditional cell clustering technique such as it has following advantages [5]: · Less traffic offload in congested cell · Better resource allocation to more number of users · reduced |
Reference:
L. Navarro and M. Zelkowitz, “the resource allocation technique in LTE and LTE advanced “, Information and communication Technical Report, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 28-36, 2017.
G. Kovacich and A. Jones, “the requirement for better resource allocation in the WCDMA and CDMA 2000 “, Information Systems Security, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 45-55, 2017.
J. Chenoweth, “the working principle of UMTS resource allocation”, Journal of modern digital communication, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 43-44, 2017.
J. Woulds, “the advancement in mobile resource allocation scheme in mobile wimax — A regulator’s priorities”, wireless resource allocation Technical Report, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7-42, 2016.
G. Stewart and J. Broderick, “the issues of resource allocation and recent advancement”,
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