Historical and Current Trends of Migrant Diversity in Australia
In 2020, there was the existence of over 7.6 million migrants in the areas of Australia. It accounted for 29.8% of the entire population which were born overseas. Only a year prior, in 2019, nearly 7.9 million individuals have taken birth overseas. The population of Australia got enhanced by 194,400 individuals, because of the overall overseas migration (Australian Bureau of Statistics., 2022). In the historical basis, it is found that the majority of the individuals immigrate to rather than emigrate from the regions of Australia, which is adding to the natural population’s growth. The different waves of migrants from several countries, over duration, imposes a significant impact on the diversity aspects of the population in Australia. Increased level of immigrantion in Australia in the year prior 1891, generated the outcome that more than 32% of the people who are enumerated as born overseas, in the first country wide census in the year 1891 (Australian Bureau of Statistics., 2022). In the year 2020, the Australian population proportion overseas was found to be 30% (Australian Bureau of Statistics., 2022).The main aim of this assignment is to develop a case study on the migrant diversity group based on the community of Australia. The endurance of the specified group, politically, historically and socially, is to be highlighted. The issues, obstacles, opportunities that are faced by this group and the skills that are essential to be attained to develop culturally competent support services to this group, is to be mentioned.
Since the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, on the shores of the Botany Bay, nearly 10 million settlers have arrived from all the corners of the world, to Australia. They are basically driven by a promise of an innovative life in the land of the Great Southern region, the waves of migrants rushed in Australia in order to run away from the social upheaval oriented with the Industrial Revolution (Gwynn, et al., 2019). However, there are various challenges that have been endured by migrants in Australia, since historical times. Leaving all thighs behind in one life and starting another life in a completely new country, with new regulation, health systems, educational systems, varied language as well as cultural expectations, have led the migrant groups to fall into dramatic troubles, since the historical period (Yashadhana, et al., 2021). Few of the reported challenges that are been encountered by the migrants in Australia, since historical times are finding affordable housing facilities, suffering from unemployment, communication obstacles, racism, discrimination and many more. The other issues they keep on facing are the communication problems in the home country, continuous mental disorders because of trauma, monetary issues, visa insecurity, getting separated from the members of family and so on (Calabria, et al., 2018).
Lee et al., (2019) have conducted research regarding the way to become a counsellor in the context of Australia. It is highlighted by the author that provided with the communicative as well as ubiquity power of the smart phones, the combined usage of Cognitive Behavioural theory (CBT) and the Smartphone application “Mood Mission” can help the therapists to mitigate anxiety and mood related issues of the patients (Murrup?Stewart, et al., 2019). This theory can help in the prevention of anxiety and depression issues of the patients and can be delivered in the form of an adjunct to the therapeutic treatments provided by trained health professionals. To conduct the research, a pilot study of 44 participants filed the Mobile Application Rating scale to ensure the usability checking and feedback. To be specific, the findings from this study indicate that the therapeutic tasks that are conducted by the clinical psychologists can get effective guidance from the Cognitive Behavioural theory and MHApp (Wilson, Zhao, & Condon, 2019). Moreover, this article also found that the developmental stages regarding the CBT oriented MHApp can help to manage the patients with anxiety and low moods and suggests future application of this tool. The text of the article is reliable as it is peer reviewed. The special features of the text in this article are tables, images and graphs that are used by the author to highlight important data. Overall, this article provides unique insight regarding psychological therapy that counsellors must implement. Strength of the study is that both quantitative and qualitative analysis is done to attain the results. Limitation is the CBT approach that is highlighted here to ensure treatment of large teams of participants with variants of intervention and this variation is regarding strategy oriented level. However, this article will yet serve as an effective source for people aiming to study in this field (Snijder et al., 2021).
Challenges faced by Migrants in Australia
Loughnan et al., (2019) mentioned regarding Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) which is suggested to provide treatment of mild to moderate depression or anxiety mainly in the postpartum women. However, less than half of the women who are suffering from depression or anxiety get CBT, which is an evidence based treatment. Therefore, the author conducted a randomised, controlled superiority trial that included all the women participants who were recruited in Australia who provided voluntary informed consent. All the participants meet the criteria of being Australian residents, over 18 years of age, within twelve months postpartum and suffering from anxiety and depression problems. The exclusion criteria are that if participants are affected with substance abuse or schizophrenia, they will be excluded. The findings of this study highlighted the acceptability and effectiveness regarding the iCBT treatments to lessen postpartum depression and anxiety related symptoms. The findings of this research are very unique and important as the findings have crucial clinical implications as no other iCBT programs have targeted clinically the treatment regarding postpartum anxiety and depression problems. Quantitative approaches and the uniqueness of the research are the major strengths of the article. Tables and images are used to highlight major texts. To critically evaluate, the limitations of the study is that the findings might get generalised from the research conducted by the author since self selection of samples is done and assessment of participants is not performed utilising clinician-administered diagnostic result measures. This article will still provide preliminary evidence regarding the iCBT treatments to reduce anxiety or depression issues and will definitely provide helpful data to the counsellors (Wilson, Zhao, & Condon, 2019).
Batterbee, et al., (2020) have performed research to develop exploration regarding the way Cognitive behavioural elements are being taught to the students pursuing undergraduate nursing courses, so that the information can provide advantages to the patients and students. It is mentioned by the author that there is limited knowledge and research regarding therapeutic components and interventions regarding CBT theory. The methodology that is used by the author is developing the design of an integrative literature review that documents the relation between the components of CBT and the procedures which are taught in the pre-registration nursing education. The findings of the study mentions that teaching CBT components can serve clinical advantages to provide positive treatment to the patients, improve the well-being of students and their performance in study. The overall findings of this study report that CBT components are recently being taught in an indirect manner to the undergraduate nurses, preliminarily to serve measurable advantages which provide benefits to the student. The entire research is based on a qualitative approach and the outcomes associated with literature review lacked effective research information, which are the limitations. Strengths of the article is that it is peer reviewed and the initial literature searches yielded effective results. However, the majority of the studies were related with the therapies that are nonspecific and the psychological elements which were utilised were unclear. Despite the presence of these limitations, the standard regarding the reviewed evidence is high with a rigorous research design, and other information provided by this article will be useful for the psychological therapists (Wilson, Zhao, & Condon, 2019).
Opportunities for Migrant Groups in Australia
Lee et al., (2019) performed research regarding the effectiveness regarding CBT principles to be included in the programs for anxiety prevention. It is demonstrated by the earlier studies that the universally school oriented programs associated with anxiety prevention are not effective on a long term basis. Thus, the author screened 359 previous references and the systematic research of PubMed and PsychInfo were also performed. The evaluation regarding five of the studies was performed through the FRIENDS program and is with the objective to teach children regarding cognitive restructuring. Three of the researches were performed by the author in Australia. The findings from this study recommends that the impact regarding anxiety prevention trials can last up to twelve months, however, it might rely on varied factors. Therefore, firm conclusions cannot be drawn from the research and additional follow up periods are required. The article is peer reviewed, flowcharts and tables are used to highlight important aspects and three out of eight studies provided report regarding the reduction of anxiety symptoms that are the strength of the study. However, the limitations are that a small number of studies are taken into account which accomplishes the eligibility criteria and also increased bias risk is present in the majority of the studies. Furthermore, it is a crucial limitation that the performance of a meta-analysis could not be done and high standard RCTs are essential to address the provided methodologies. However, the study will provide an effective source of data for the people who require knowledge in the psychological grounds (Wilson, Zhao, & Condon, 2019).
Majoni et al., (2021) conducted this research to highlight how CBT can be used to provide treatment to the patients who are suffering from Insomnia. Though modern efforts have concentrated on the sleep profiling at the initiation of treatment, an alternate methodological approach regarding CBT is proposed by the author. In this study, the author has made utilisation regarding Grade of Membership evaluation to measure the occurrences regarding unique treatment results and the related features of the patient. To perform so, a sample of 50 participants was taken into consideration who were affected with psychological issues as well as insomnia and were subjected to CBT treatment. The findings of the study highlighted that CBT 1 can be effective for the improvement regarding daytime functioning and sleep of patients and the vital predictor associated with CBT1 response are the treatment objectives that are elicited by the client. Findings also state that other criteria for the concerned treatment to be response, comprises the profile regarding sleep of the patient, sex and clinical acuity. Reliability of the data served in this article is regarding its peer reviewed aspect and images as well as tables highlight the special information that the author intended to provide to the audience. Limitations are the sample size was very small and there was no control over the characteristics of the patient. However, the study will provide crucial data regarding the effectiveness of CBT to treat insomnia and mental disorder patients (Wilson, Zhao, & Condon, 2019).
Skills Required for Culturally Competent Support Services
Porykali, et al., (2021) have conducted a study in the Australian context regarding the effectiveness of CBT to treat social anxiety disorder (SAD). Though it is suggested by the open and pilot trials that CBT is highly efficient for the treatment of anxiety disorders, to take into account that the information is reliable, the author mentioned that the impact of this treatment is required to be replicated by the clinicians in the context which is independent from the protocol developers. This study developed a comparison regarding the results from clients with SAD diagnosis in Australian clinics with the protocol (n=123) and the comparison with Canadian clinic protocols (n=46). The findings of the research proved the efficiency of CBT and enhanced the level of confidence regarding the aspect that the CBT which is imagery enhanced; develop strong as well as transportable effects. Furthermore, the overall findings suggest that replication regarding the impact of treatment within trainee clinicians and the independent clinic enhances confidence regarding the generalisability of the results. The research approach is quantitative and the article is peer reviewed, that is the strength of the study. However, the limitations are that neither of the sites had a waitlist control team or an effective alternative treatment to develop control over non-specific therapy factors or confounds. Also, though daily supervision was served, the competence of the therapist and the fidelity of treatment failed to be assessed formally. However, this study is very important for the people involved with the psychological field and wants to verify the effectiveness level of CBT (Oates, 2020).
Yashadhana, et al., (2020) conducted the study to realise the relation of motivation with behavioural and cognitive involvement of the individuals. The multifaceted characteristics regarding cognitive involvement and the consistency regarding this structure throughout several contexts were tested. The conduction of analysis was done regarding a series of confirmatory factors to realise the features of cognitive behavioural engagement. The participants of this study were sixth graders from school and comprised 786 participants. The findings of this research demonstrated that there are high correlations between the cognitive and behavioural dimensions which are directly connected with the young participants taken into account in this research. Quantitative approach used is the strength of the research and the article is reliable as it is peer reviewed. Moreover, the research group included seventeen researchers from varied grounds in the science learning and learning sciences, majority of whom were not engaged with the development of survey and therefore were regarded as expert judges. The main limitation of the article is regarding the overall length of the article; however, the allotment regarding five to seven engagements is done per dimension. The current research has served both the practical and theoretical implications. On the theoretical dimension, it highlighted the way self regulation and cognitive aspects can help students in their learning activities (Hla, et al., 2020). This theoretical knowledge can be practically implemented by the students involved with this field. The research has shown promise to improve the understanding regarding OCD and the application of CBT, which is neither limited to the interference oriented conceptualisations nor the appraisals. Therefore, this research can be stated as important to be taken into account for the audience involved in the psychotherapy field.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Australia for the Mitigation of Anxiety and Mood Related Issues
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the focus group for this paper is the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders people. An overview of this diversity group has been presented in tis paper. The paper has also discussed what this group of people has endured politically, historically and socially. Thorough analysis of the opportunities as well as the obstacles which are available to this group of people through the care services have been mentioned in this paper. The paper has demonstrated the awareness regarding the skills and knowledge which are required for providing the culturally competent services to this group of people. The paper has included research which has demonstrated the understanding as well as the critical engagement with sociological theory plus concepts.
References
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