Agile Scrum Methodology In Construction: Increasing Importance Of Project Management

Factors behind involving Project Management Methodology in Construction Companies

Masada Private Hospital is located on Balaclava Road in Australia. The Masada Private Hospital has a facility of 105 acute medical beds with the advanced technology of surgical facility and has specialized dermatology, rehabilitation service, and early parenting. All the members of the hospital are highly skilled so that they can provide the best service to their customers (Machado, Pinheiro & Tamanini 2015). The ADCO Construction Company completed the design and the construction with a total cost of $12 million. The Rehabilitation Center that is built for the Masada Private Hospital is built with a facility of 30 single room that has a private ensuite and additional parking.

This research paper deals with the effectiveness of Scrum Agile Methodology used in constructing Masada Private Hospital. The research is carried out by analyzing secondary qualitative data. The Agile Scrum Methodology is very useful in the construction process, which helped the ADCO Construction to build the Masada Private Hospital in Australia. To carry out the secondary qualitative research analysis, themes are made accordingly that states the importance of Agile Scrum Methodology. For quantitative data analysis, the data is taken from secondary sources that gives information related to the scum methodology in the construction process. This research paper is carried out to known details about the Agile Scrum Methodology in the Construction process.

The process of construction is broken into main three functions: acquiring the construction work, building the construction project, and keeping a regular track of progressing of the work (Bahceci & Karrbom, 2014). Acquiring the construction work mainly consists of estimating, bidding, pricing, selling, and marketing. The building of construction project involves project management, material procurement, labor productivity, and field management. The third function of construction work is keeping a track consisting of accounting, administration, tax reporting and financial management.

Project management for professional use is different from the personal project management strategies. In professional project management, the contractor performs the main functions of managing the project under professional service. The professional service includes contracting with the client; treat the project planning, design and constructing a working team to integrate all the tasks. The project manager of a construction project is known as a professional of that particular team. The professional manager of the construction team generally works with clients, designers, construction managers, and the cost consultants form starting the project, until completion of the project (Fulford & Standing, 20114). The project manager provides leadership that is related to time, quality and cost of the project that is under process. The project manager in a project deals with project management, and the project manager is paid individually accordingly to value of work that is done by the manager. The practice of Project Constriction Management (PCM) has led to the greater growth of Construction Company, especially in the design sector of the construction industry. The increase in growth in the designing sector of the construction process using PCM is similar to the construction process of the U.K.

Impact of Agile Scrum Construction Methodology in increasing the importance of Project Management

The principle of project management is a designed-procurement that acts as an integrating function for making a combination of all the resources together in to a temporary organization so that the objective of the project is achieved (Demir & Theis, 2016). Project management is involved in construction process because this management strategy offers integration so that it can include all the management system of the professional site in addition to the architects, consultants, structural, cost consultants, site managers, planners, mechanical or electrical engineers, and the buyers.

The project management is considered to be at the heart of the construction flow project cite. The project management deals with technical sides of execution and budgeting that requires the component of people (Walker, 2016). The project manager of the construction process will work with individual needs for builder, community, and stakeholders. Be consistent with your capitalization of Agile Scrum methodology. The following two paras are a case in point

The Agile Scrum construction management takes the flexibility of development of agile software, and the agile software development is applied to the construction. The Agile construction helps the construction sector in the following ways:

The Agile Scrum Methodology that is involved in the construction process helps to break down the delivery of the project in to smaller parts. This process makes the system more involved with the construction process (Zainab, Jannisar & Javed, 2014). If a construction project is divided into smaller parts, then the project manager finds it very easy to maintain the project. In this way, the tasks can be managed very easily and can be tracked when completed.

The Agile Scrum Methodology of project management focuses on managing the time and gives reviews the feedback about how to improve the project management financially (Bahceci & Karrbom 2014). This can be done specifically in such areas that are profitable and productive.

The Agile Scrum Methodology opens doors to encourage the improvement of workers s that they can be made as a team and can provide their input back to the construction managers about how to do the things faster and in a secured way.

The Agile Scrum is a framework for the development of the product where there are different processes as well as techniques that can be applied to the construction process projects (Goodwin, 2017). The scrum project management consists of three main parts known as Scrum Roles, Scrum Artifacts, as well as Scrum Events. The Agile Scrum Methodology is better known best for its rapid change to the environment or the project it is working for. The Agile Scrum Methodology helps to get satisfaction in completing a project that the traditional methodologies do not provide. The Agile Scrum Methodology helps to keep a fixed time about finishing the project, keeps a fixed cost for the entire project and the scope is also fixed for a project. The traditional methodologies are not flexible, which makes the project managers difficult to complete the project within the proposed budget. Therefore, for this reason, the Agile Scrum Methodology helps to increase the importance of project management.

The managers of construction projects introduced the Agile Scrum Methodology in project management because the traditional methods of construction are very inflexible (Kisielnicki & Misiak, 2016). The traditional methods of construction are static and are inflexible because they address in making early plans in the early stages of construction and are not able to follow them. The plans for the project change from time to time, with the changing scope and the cost. Therefore, the traditional method is not suitable for constructing projects. Changes in traditional methods lead to failure of the project.

To overcome all these pitfalls, Agile Scrum Methodologies are used by the project management strategies to complete the project successfully. The construction processes are prone to be made changes because the circumstances are changing from time to time and the changes in the project are to be changed accordingly (Malgonde, Hevner & Collins, 2015). The Agile Scrum Methodologies help to increase the understanding and increase the knowledge related to the project. There is always new information available for carrying out a project. The new information is to be adapted that are gained from the project. The Agile Scrum not only deals with new information but also deals with the changing environment that keeps on changing in a construction process. Agile Scrum Methodology is very flexible.

The roots of agile methodologies include many lean methodologies, but all the methodologies are different from each other the main philosophy of Agile Scrum Methodology is to eliminate the waste and also eliminate all the steps so that they can generate the value system (Santana et al., 2017). There is the difference in between the Agile Scrum Methodology and the traditional method of methodologies involved in the construction process.

The Agile Scrum Methodology explains that they are different from traditional methodology in their principles that are practised. The Agile Scrum Methodology increase the efficiency of constructing a project, and type resources of management involved are very efficient (Saini, Arif & Kulonda, 2018). The practices that are generally carried out in the construction process involve different types of the situation of works. The traditional methods of constructing a project are stable, but the agile methodologies deal with increasing the efficiency of the project that has a unique definition and are also set equal to the automation process.

The projects that are involved in the Agile Scrum Methodologies contains automatic processes. The construction project mostly carries out processes in uncertain environments, and the processes that are carried out are unpredictable (Schwaber & Sutherland, 2016). Scum Agile methodology is the most used methodology in all the sectors of industries. From developing the software to developing the projects, all the procedures are involved in the Agile Scrum Methodology. The scrum methodology can be involved in a construction project as well as software developments and are also used in many types of projects.

The Agile methodology is proved as the best methodology in the history of software development and management of construction (Streule et al., 2016). There are many important lessons that the Agile Scrum Methodologies involve. With the involvement of the Agile Scrum Methodology, this methodology has reached its height. The Agile Scrum Methodology gives a large benefit to the construction projects. If the Agile Scrum technology is involved in a construction process, the frameworks that the software provides are creative, adaptive, and fast-moving system of project management (Walker, 2016). The scrum methodology of agile software development provides many benefits to the construction projects at any scale.

The scrum methodology is used for completing most software projects that are very complex. The Agile Scrum methodology is used for constructing projects and has many other scopes as well. There is a wide range of scope with Scrum Agile technology. In scrum technology, the requirements of the clients are given priority while dealing with the construction project (Galvan et al., 2015). The requirements that are needed by the clients are summarized as a product backlog of the construction process. This feature makes the Agile Scrum Methodology as the most important one in constructing the Masada Private Hospital.

Figure 1: Construction of Masada Construction Process

(Source: Daniel, 2017)

The Scrum Agile Methodology takes the requirement of the client as a product backlog and divides the backlog into work phases known as Sprints. The sprints are the tasks that are divided into smaller groups, and the series of work phase is assigned as a sprint backlog. The development team of the scrum methodology reports the product backlog and the focus is mainly on the entering few entries (Correa, 2016). The processes that make the agile scrum technology, as most important one for constructing the Masada Private Hospital has to meet the goals of the process and fulfil the expectation of the client. At the end of each sprint, the work is to be delivered, and the progressing is to be shown to the client. The team that meets the requirements of the Sprint are ready to be delivered to the client. If the client approves the partial work, then the team prepares for the next sprint, and the product backlog of the next print is to be made.

Figure 2: Cost Changes Graph

(Source: Daniel, 2017)

The end goal of the Scrum Agile technology ensures that the most prominent tasks and the valuable tasks are to be completed before ending the project. While constructing the Masada Private Hospital, the ADCO Construction Company followed all the procedures that are involved with the system of Agile Scrum technology. As the Agile Scrum Methodology is an iterative and a cyclic process that allows a self-feeding cycle for continuous improvement although the life cycle of the project. The scrum methodology may not be fit for extremely large projects, but the methodology was appropriate to complete the construction process of Masada Private Hospital (Alzoubi, Gill & Al-Ani, 2016). The engineers of the ADCO construction company undertook many Scrum practices to complete the project. The scrum practices that were involved in completing the project are discussed below.

Daily Alignment: In Scrum methodology, the teams of the ADCO Company hold daily meetings to know the progress o work of the previous day (Galván-Cruz et al., 2017). In those meetings, the current plan for the day was also discussed, and then challenges that have occurred or may come to the project are also discussed. In daily alignment, the team of ADCO Company identifies the possible issues that can be faced by the members while constructing the hospital. There is a greater sense of community in the team of scrum methodology, and the whole team looks forward to completing the project successfully with its objective fulfilled (Fuggetta & Di Nitto, 2014). There were safety meetings as well as planning meetings that are held regularly in the field.

Transparency: Transparency means to make the work visible. All ceremonies are held to make the work visible for the entire team (Moraes, 2016). There are sprints in a scrum methodology, and the sprints are shown to all the team members after its completion. The sprints that are completed also shown to the clients and needs approval from the clients to proceed with the next part.

Learning of Continuous Lessons: The Agile Scrum Methodology helps to learn formal lessons from all the learned analysis at the sprint end. Lessons are given to the members of the team regarding the part that is completed (Machado, Pinheiro & Tamanini, 2015). After the completion of construction work package, lessons are learnt that allows the project to get benefit from the adaptive process without the consideration of the work packages not involved in the iterative sprints of the scrum.

Many factors are involved for successful completion of Masada Private Hospital in Australia. The factors involved in the Scrum Agile Methodology are described below.

Operation Visibility: The visibility of the managers and the executives completes the view into daily processes and the activities within the business (Pérez & Godden, 2017). This visibility leads to evaluate progression of active projects. The visibility also provides opportunity so that the project is well-informed with active projects to issue the project successfully.

The threats that are involved with visibility of scrum methodology are Silos. There are departmental silos can take place when one department does not want to share information with another department within the teams of the company (Shahane, Jamsandekar & Shahane, 2014). The silos affect the business by reducing the efficiency of the teamwork. In silos, there is a lack of collaboration in the system, and the employees of the team become dissatisfied.

The remedy to these silos is to tear down the silos. Open communication is very critical, and the team knows all the objectives and the risk that is expected from the project (Perkusich et al., 2015). There are benefits from operation visibility that includes high morale, the projects that are completed on time and can also complete the budget that is fixed.

Embrace the Technology: The construction company involves the least technology in the construction work that is only one percent of the total revenue (Kuhrmann et al., 2016). Along with all the benefits that are related to embracing the methodology of Agile Scrum, the subcontractor finds this methodology very easy for implementation, training the employees and deploying the methodology in the ADCO Company.

The threats that come with embracing the technology are that all the levels of the workplace can change reluctantly (Kaiser, Arbi & Ahlemann, 2015). The using of the new technologies are an expense rather than considering them as an investment. When the company loses money, loses its cost savings and loses its major benefits, it is termed as a long-term result. The embracement of technology in the Agile Scrum Methodology is the technologically advanced adoption of spreadsheets.

The remedy that is involved with this factor of completion is proposed platforms of cloud base and the mobile applications (Daniel, 2017). The applications that are used cannot store data but can communicate in a meaningful way. The application that is used for construction is specifically solved by this factor.  The benefit of this factor is that it provides only the information that is relevant. The mobile applications that are used in this process are very much useful to embrace this kind of factor in Scrum agile methodology.

 The cloud technology also offers tremendous profit with an increased level of securities that are used to access all project files, reduces the expenses of IT, as well as provides information for the workforce (Fuller et al., 2017). The benefit that the scrum technology can get with the embraced technology is that it increases the productivity and the efficiency of the construction process. It also provides greater control over the projects and provides cost savings that are short-term as well as long-term.

Manage the complexity: The projects of construction are becoming complex day by day, and there are many factors that lead to a complex environment of the construction process. There are many stakeholders, and at the same time, work goes on at multiple locations (Abrahamsson et al., 2017). The architects do the designing of the projects, and multiple tasks are managed with the responsibility that is not at all easy to maintain.

The threat that leads to managing the complexity is the generic software and the E-Discovery. Some of the executives cut the corner at the time of installing the software. With a good ERP, the construction company saves all its money (Dingsøyr et al., 2018). There are also many options for choosing incorrect software in Agile Scrum technology.  Implementation of a generic software leads to large expense because the configuration of the software meets the demand of the construction company. When there is any change in the software, the decisions that are needed to be taken inaccurate and incomplete information.

The remedy to this factor is using the technology and communication in the methodology (Applegate, 2015). The technology and communication provide clear communication and active collaboration in between the construction company and the construction site. Accurate results are to be done with the accurate data entries that are possible.

The benefits that are provided by managing the complexities can effectively manage the projects actively across all the users. They can also generate accurate reports, and this factor leads to easy integration to accounting the methodology in the construction process.

The Agile Scrum method of project management has proven its success in the construction projects methods (Lin, 2017). However, there are many problems as well in implementing the software of project management. The main objective that can be summarized from this paper is to identify the success rate of the project management in large construction projects. About 159 questionnaires were made from which the answer was taken from each personnel who are involved in the construction projects and their analysis were studied with a theoretical framework. Almost 32 case studies were studied from the interviews of the personnel who were involved.

The results that were achieved from the overall performance of the Agile Scrum methodology is a procurement system that is very high with analysis that was revealed with better cost and quality rather than time (Kerzner, 2017). This study identifies the factors that have a significant impact on the success of the projects that were carried out with the construction process of the project. There are four independents sub-systems that are involved in this study to get the quantitative analysis of Agile Scrum methodology in the construction projects. The sub-systems that are studied are strategic sub-systems, structural sub-subsystems, technological sub-systems, and the technical sub-systems. A scrum team of project management drives these aspects.

The project management methodology of Agile Scrum has proved itself a successful aspect of the construction projects. However, there are sometimes issues that are associated with the Agile Scrum Methodology (Nowotarski & Paslawski, 2015). The number of projects that have been completed late or have crossed? The budget of the project along with the low satisfaction of the client is increasing particularly in projects that are to be made for the public. Some of the construction projects also overrun by the time of about 40 % to 200 % and many of them stop the construction projects even before starting the project. This results in the poor expenditure of spending money in public.

After studying the pilot case study, the exploratory interview that was carried out was the questionnaire that was asked to the pilot consists of about 44 success rate that is grouped under Critical Success Factors related to project management. The questionnaire that was made was sent to about 300 personnel who works for different or same kind of construction companies and are also involved in the construction company of ADCO for more than some years. The response rate that was received was 51 % (NAOUM, FONG & WALKER, 2004). The ADCO construction company has 44 organizations of the client, 46 contractors, 45 number of project managers and 54 design consultants (Sohi et al., 2016). The factors that were most influencing for the success rate were analyzed from 32 case studies. The rating system that was followed for analyzing the influencing factors were rated from 1 to 5. If the goal r the objective of the project was fulfilled by the requirement of the client, then the rating is to be given 5, but on the other hand, if the objective is not fulfilled meeting the criteria of the customer, is given a lower rate 1.

The quality standard of the projects that are involved with the ADCO company depends on the functionality about the building is being handled and whether the project management team is capable of delivering the project with the client’s requirements (Naoum et al., 2018). The rating that was achieved was very good about the involvement of the project management strategy in construction projects. There was also evidence that showed the system of quality management was very effective for the purpose of controlling and auditing the project.

The main objective of this study was to examine the success rate of the construction process with the involvement of Agile Scrum Methodology. If is very difficult to determine the certainty casually. To determining the rate of success practically, this research was conducted. There are more than one controlled variable in this research paper. All total of 32 papers were chosen for carrying out this case study. All the 32 case studies that were examined contained the pure concept of project management. The study was carried out with the different clients who were having a similar organizational goal of completing the projects successfully with different business strategies.

The case studies that were taken were almost same having same nature of work, technology and complexity. There were also cases that have contractual arrangements that were tailored for clients. The Data from the 32 case studies were inputted in the excel sheet and their corresponding relationship between all the 25 influencing variables, and their success rate was tested. The experiment was done to establish the strength between the influencing variable and the success factor of the project. As a result was uncertainty, for testing of measurement of the coefficient strength was calculated using a Chi-square (refer to Appendix 1).

The concept of Agile Scrum technology is considered to be an upcoming methodology of project management, which helps the system to get better results in the construction process. The concept of Scrum methodology is considered as one of the best methods of project management in dealing with the construction process. The agile method of project management helps in the successful delivering of a project in the construction business. The agile methodology divides the system into short cycles, commonly known as sprints. The sprint focuses on improvement of the development cycles continuously to deliver the project successfully. The future of Agile Scrum technology will be very much success in future for its easy implementation and the accuracy that it provides in completing the project.

To mitigate the pitfalls that arise with Agile Scrum Methodology in the construction process, the companies must make the sprints of the scrum methodology for a shorter period. The sprints that are involved in a scrum methodology should be divided so that there is no chance of testing failure in the process.

Conclusion

Project Management involves completing all the business procedures that are involved in a business with proper knowledge, tools, techniques, and skills to complete the project successfully. Project management is needed for the construction process, expanding the sales with innovations and ideas, information technology businesses, and many more. To complete a project successfully, the applications of knowledge, skills, methods, processes, and the experience to meet the objective of a project are involved in project management (Kaiser, Arbi & Ahlemann, 2015). As per previous corrections on this sentence, The Agile method of project management helps in successful delivering of the project in the construction business. The agile methodology divides the system into short cycles, commonly known as sprints. The sprint focuses on improvement of the development cycles continuously to deliver the project successfully. This research paper sheds light Agile Scrum Methodology that was used in the construction process of Masada Private Hospital. The data that were collected included many scholarly articles that dealt with the construction process of Agile Scrum Methodology in for construction the hospital.

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