Air Pollution Monitoring: Process And Results

Parameters to be calculated

This paper report the process of air pollution monitoring which involve use of isokinetic sampling. The diameter proposed by the local is 8 meters of a circular stack. The stack is scheduled to be monitored on an annual basis. This paper assumes that a company which I happened to own has been be given task to undertake tests which will be following procedures defined by Queensland Environmental Protection Agency . The procedures by Queensland Environmental Protection Agency involves getting gas velocity in the circular stack this involves use of Victorian EPA Method B4. Secondly we go for the location of transverse points in the circular stack by applying the USEPA method 1, this is followed by the use of BS 1041 part 4 which defines the use and guidelines for the selection and use of thermocouples, this helps us to get the temperature of the gas during the monitoring. USEPA method 4 is thereafter used to give the amount of water vapour concentrations while particulates concentration is arrived at by applying the USEPA method 5 which is described in (AS 4323.2, 1995).

As stated above the sampling method is maintained to be isokinetic, this is aimed to ensure that the samples of aerosols reperesentated get into the tube of sampling through a moving stream of aerosols (Eyre, et al., 2006). Testing is isokinetic when the woof of the sampler is adjusted parallel to the gas streamlines and the speed of the gas (U) inflowing the test is blurry to the velocity of stream that enters the inlet (U₀). In in a situation whereby the sampling is isokinetic we record no particle loss as well as size of the particle. Isokinetic testing not the smallest bit warranties that the fascination and size scattering of the aerosol entering the tube is the same as that in the streaming stream. The examining train must be amassed by the USEPA Method 5 conditions. The probe is appended to a channel gathering containing an ultrapure quartz microfiber conduit (Strauss, 2009). The channel get together is joined to four impingers, the original two of which comprise water, the subsequent is unoccupied and the latter encompasses silica gel. The impingers are sunken into the ice-shower and associated to the vacuity impel. All divisions need to be made by the USEPA Method 5 prerequisites (AS 4323.2, 1995).

The report found out the following during the monitoring. The stack diameter at the downstream side was recorded to be 8 meters while the stack diameter at the upstream with the reference of the point from which flow disturbance occurs was recorded to be 1 ½  meters. The other data obtained included the following

1. Diameter of the circular stack at downstream in reference to the point of flow disturbance = 8 meters
2. Diameter of the circular stack at upstream  in reference to the point of flow disturbance = 1 ½ metres
3. The location and number of transverse points that were to be estimated in accordance to table 1 of page 3 were recorded below

1. The mean temperature measured in degrees Celsius was = 206 °C

1. The Dew point temperature measured and recoded in degrees Celsius was at = 30 °C                                                            

1. The concentration of carbon (iv) oxide was recorded to be = 12 % v/v

1. Velocity pressure at traverse points (Pa)

1. The value of Static pressure was recorded to equal to 761 mm Hg
2. Time taken for sampling was recorded to be 2 minutes for each and every traverse point.
3. The weight of filter just before the procedure was equal to = 0.12322 g
4. The amount of Filter weight recorded after the procedure was equal to = 0.17884 grams

1. Moisture content (kg/kg) and molecular weight (as additive) of the gas carrier

 Moisture content = (initial weight – final weight) / initial weight * 100 %

Moisture content = (W_i – W_f) / W_i * 100%

Thus moisture content = 0.12322 – 0.17884 = 0.05562

Moisture content = 0.05562/ 0.12322 * 100% = 0.45138 kg/kg dry air

1. Gas carrier velocity (according to Eq.1) and flowrate

Velocity of the air is determined using the equation below

(1)

Where by the value of

K_p is taken to be = 34.97

The value of C_p is taken to be = 0.99

The temperature of the gas T_gas in Kelvin (K) obtained from item 4 in page 1 is recorded to be = 206 +273 = 479K

The velocity pressure at traverse point was obtained to be DP_p = 250mm H₂O (this is the item 7 in page 1 in the list of requirement)

The value of static pressure on the mercury bar reading was P_stat = 761 mm Hg (This is obtained from item 8 in page 1)

Concentration of carbon (iv) oxide gas M_gas = 12% = 0.12 g/gmol

Hence,

The table below shows the results for all the parameters that were required. Note that those material without units are considered to be ratios

Results

The highlighted *Nm³ represent the  normalised cubic meter taken from 25°C and 101.3 kPa also known as stp, standard temperature and pressure

1. This is determined by using the value of velocity that was obtained in equation 1, the estimated isokinetic suction flowrate the 25 degrees Celsius temperature is normalised.  Thus the  isokinetic flow rate at 4 mm diameter is estimated to be as follows,

1. Total sample volume in normal cubic meters

Total volume = flow rate x time

1. Concentration of particles per normal cubic meter of exhaust gas

Concentration of particles

Table 1. Location of traverse points in circular stacks

Conclusion

The above report gives the illustration of the best means of monitoring of air pollution. Though the use of procedures of Queensland Environmental Protection Agency is professional and has quality outlook, it is recommended that a simple means of air monitoring to be introduced whereby any individual be mathematical and graphical oriented can courageously apply to come up with an effective means of pollution monitoring.

References

Eyre, T. J., Kelly, A., Neldner, V. J., Wilson, B. A., Furguson, D. J., Laidlaw, M. J., & Frank, A. J. (2006). A terrestrial vegetation condition assessment tool for biodiversity in Queensland: Field assessment manual. BioCondition.

Strauss, W. (2009). In Air pollution control Part 3 Measuring and monitoring air pollutants. Air Pllution Control Part 3 Measuring and monitoring air pollutants, 5-7.

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