Analysis Of Flight Prices From London And Edinburgh To Qatar

Developed mathematical skills

The students of middle-east Asian countries such as Qatar, UAE or Kuwait come to England for higher studies. They prefer to study in England for better quality and structure of education of England than their own countries. In festive season of England, they return to their dwelling countries and enjoy vacation. The expenses of returning home by flights is a matter of concern to the students. The research analysis mainly focuses on the aspects and factors regarding the expense of flights. The analysis based on primarily collected data about students of Qatar would also help other nationality students how to select their flights.

At the time of Easter break of March, most of students are thinking to go back to their own countries. The data set highlights the prices of flight tickets from either London or Edinburgh to Qatar. The data set also shows the date of the flight, the numbers of stops of flights, duration of travelling, time taken for travelling and prices of the flight tickets. Mainly two types of flights that are British Airways and Qatar Airways are under consideration.  

The research question is that whether the average price of flight tickets from London to Qatar and average price of flight tickets from Edinburgh to Qatar is equal to each other or not. The comparison of prices of both types of tickets is the major fact of concern.

The hypotheses are:

Null hypothesis (H₀): The average price of flight tickets for both the routes London to Qatar and Edinburgh to Qatar are equal to each other.

Alternative hypotheses (H_A): The average price of flight tickets for route of London to Qatar is higher than average price of flight tickets for route of Edinburgh to Qatar.

The data set is a primary data set. By online questionnaire method, the data of 100 responses were collected. The data set is constructed by questionnaire technique. The questionnaire of the research involves following questions:

1. From which airport did you catch flight?
2. What is your destination?
3. Which flight did you catch?
4. On which date did you catch flights?
5. What was the travelling span in the flight?
6. How many stops did the flight take in the entire journey?
7. What was the duration of the journey?
8. What was the price of ticket of flight?

Note that all the questions are close-ended questions and its responses are tabulated as raw data for analysis.

Research bias is the bias of experimenter. It is the method where the researcher performs influence of the research outcomes for portraying a certain result (Source: Martyn Shuttleworth  2009). The bias that are faced during the research are:

1. Response bias:The data is collected as the questionnaire response of 100 students of Qatar. It may consist some wrong information that may cause response bias. Hence, response bias often creates inclusive bias.
2. Limited sample bias:The data outcomes may be biased due to small sample collected for the research. Besides, the selected small sample may not be a true reflection of original sample.
3. Procedural bias:Procedural bias is an unfair amount of manipulation applied to the subjects forcing to complete their responses quickly.
4. Design bias:Design bias may arise due to fail to reach the target and limitations in the data collection and analysis.
5. Reporting bias:Reporting bias is a kind of bias that may create dissemination at the time of reporting and dissemination (Smith and Noble 2014).

Besides some other types of biases such as measurement bias (measuring issue at the time of data collection) and omission bias (exclusion of data) may occur.

Knowledge of mathematical techniques in relation to the content of the module

Some steps are taken to rectify the research biases. Firstly, the questionnaire only consists closed ended questions; so that, analysis would be more compact. Secondly, the data is not at all manipulated. No missing data is available in the data of 100 samples. At the time of tabulation of the data, responses of the questionnaire are minutely tabulated. The procedure is absolutely well-designed. The outcomes of the analysis are not tampered too. However, the sample size is not neither small nor large. The effort to reduce the limited sample bias is applied by collecting a significant number of 100 samples.

More of it, the data is based up on the responses of Qatar students. It may not reflect the overall mentality to choose flights of the all students of middle-east countries for returning home at the time of Ester.

Frequency distribution of number of stops of flights

The frequency distribution of number of stops of flights indicates that the students completed by 53 non-stop flight journeys, 42 “1 stop” flight journeys and 5 “2 stop” flight journeys.

Frequency distribution of two different types of flights

Out of 100 journeys, 30% journeys are completed by students in British Airways. On the other side, 70% journeys are completed by students in Qatar airways.

Grouped box plot frequency distribution of different Airways according to the route

• The students who takes flight from Edinburgh to return Qatar (47) at Ester prefer British Airways far more than Qatar Airways (3).
• The students who takes flight from London to return Qatar at Ester prefer Qatar Airways (27) as well as British Airways (23).

Grouped box plot average prices of different Airways according to the route

The grouped box plot refers that –

• The students who takes “British Airways” flight from Edinburgh to return Qatar pays far more average amount of tickets (£47) than the average amount of “Qatar Airways” flight tickets (£413.67).
• Same as Edinburgh, the students who takes “British Airways” flight from London to return Qatar pays more average amount of tickets (£57) than the average amount of “Qatar Airways” flight tickets (£431.15).

Grouped box plot average time of travelling of different Airways according to the route

• The flights of “British Airways” flight from Edinburgh to Qatar take average travelling time (1028 minutes) than the average travelling time in “Qatar Airways” (420 minutes).
• However, the flights of “British Airways” from London to Qatar take average travelling time (408 minutes) same as the average travelling time in “Qatar Airways” (408 minutes).

The bar chart of distribution of average prices of flight tickets of two different types of Airways

The average ticket price of Qatar Airways (£429.40) is far less than the average ticket price of British Airways (£686.77).

The bar chart of distribution of average prices of flight tickets of two different roots

Students, for the flight ticket who travels from Edinburgh to Qatar (£752.82) spend more money than the people who travel from London to Qatar (£466.30).

Table 1: Paired two samples t-test of equality of prices of flights of two routes

(Hsu and Lachenbruch 2008)

The two-sample t-test assuming unequal variances is executed for testing the equality of averages ticket prices of flights two routes that are London to Qatar and Edinburgh to Qatar. Each types of routes are used by 50 students. The mean prices of flight tickets are £752.82 and £466.3 whose origins are London and Edinburgh.

The calculated t-statistic is 5.375157463. The significant p-value of one-tail t-statistic is 0.0. The p-value is less than 0.05. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis of equality of average prices of flight tickets at 5% level of significance (Lehmann and Romano 2006). Hence, it is 95% evident that average price of flight tickets of the route from Edinburgh to Qatar is greater than average price of flight tickets of the route from London to Qatar. We can accept alternative hypothesis with 95% probability.

Therefore, the research hypothesis is proved to be absolutely wrong.

Conclusion:

The analysis concludes that students who returns from Edinburgh or London to Qatar prefer non-stop flights. Overall, the students prefer British Airways rather than Qatar Airways. The price of flight tickets in Qatar Airways in less than British Airways. Also, the price of flight tickets spend by students is greater for Edinburgh to Qatar than London to Qatar. British Airways is found to be costly for both the routes. In the route of London to Qatar, the average times taken by flights are almost equal for both British and Qatar Airways. But, in the route of Edinburgh to Qatar, the flights of British Airways take more time than Qatar Airways.

Therefore, students of London like British Airways as well as Qatar Airways as some of them cannot afford much for journey and rest students prefer more comfortable and safer journey by British Airways. On the other hand, the students who return from Edinburgh to Qatar prefer British Airways as they need more comfortable, luxurious and safer journey to the home.

Therefore, if students of Qatar and other nationality also should choose “Qatar Airways” flights. Although, the travelling in British Airways has high quality service, but to save some spending and time of journey, students should consider Qatar Airways.

References:

Hsu, H. and Lachenbruch, P.A., 2008. Paired t test. Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials.

Lehmann, E.L. and Romano, J.P., 2006. Testing statistical hypotheses. Springer Science & Business Media.

Martyn Shuttleworth (Feb 5, 2009). Research Bias. Retrieved Mar 08, 2018 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/research-bias

Smith, J. and Noble, H., 2014. Bias in research. Evidence-based nursing, pp.ebnurs-2014.

Vanselow, N.R. and Bourret, J.C., 2012. Online interactive tutorials for creating graphs with Excel 2007 or 2010. Behavior analysis in practice, 5(1), pp.40-46.

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