Antenna Technologies
Cellular antennas are networking antenna that are basically dependent on the processing of data management and the processing is used in the functioning of mobile phones. This is due to the fact that the terminologies namely the 4G, GSM, CDMA and VOLTE are structure oriented manifestation of the cellular network system.
The major advantages of a cellular antenna are as follows: –
- Data transaction is the most affected part of this technology. This deals with the processing of the transaction of data that is being processed in an efficient way.
- This antenna is one of the major reason for the processing of voice transcription and data transcription in an efficient way
- The platform that uses the Cellular antenna enjoys early updates and this early updates
The major disadvantage of Cellular antennas are as follows: –
- During the completion of the networking processes the major functioning issue that arises is that the macro cells that are present I the surrounding environment gets hampered
- Low cost benefit ratio
Yagi antenna is considered to be an antenna that deals with the direction issues that are present in the network transaction. This is one of the major reason that will ensure the fact that the data measurement will be done with utmost efficiency. The distance that can be covered by the antenna is between 3 to 5 miles.
Major advantages of Yagi antennas are as follows: –
- High bandwidth of the antennas provide a robust framework to the transcription of the network transaction management
- Yagi antenna provides the benefits of that of unidirectional antenna
- Cost benefit ratio of the antenna is very high
- Size and weight of the antenna are small, leading to the fact that the processing is performed with highest efficiency
Major disadvantage of this method are as follows: –
- Antennas are very prone to the sensation of elements that are present in the environment
- Gain that is produced in the completion of the functioning is very high
UHF and SHF are the 2 major diversification that is require for the completion of the processing of Horn Antenna. 300MHz to 30GHz is the bandwidth that is supported in the processing of network handling. Flared out waves are one of the major process that finds importance on the processing of data management
The major advantages of using Horn Antennas are as follows: –
- Due to the fact that the lobes that are present in the horn antennas are small, it helps the procurement of the data transfer and increases the connectivity of the business processes
- Goods that are present in the processing of the management can be procured with the help of providing independent matching of goods
Major advantages that are present in the processing of the horn antenna are as follows: –
- Flare angles that are the major functioning requirement of the antenna is very low in term of horn antenna. This is one of the major reason due to which the accuracy of the processing is low
- Cost incurred in completion of the project to the benefits that are enjoyed after implementation of the same is very less.
Protocols that mainly finds their usage in the processing of network handling are as follows: –
4G protocol has been acting as one of the major reason for efficient completion of networking projects, leading to the fact that the data management is done in a proficient manner. Main advantages of the implementing 4G protocol are as follows: –
- Keeping back up is possible in the course of completion of the project. This ensures that the data that are lost in the time of data transaction can be recovered. This is one of the major reason that the data management is completed with the highest efficiency (Hall, 2013)
- Processing of networks that is to be done includes the fact that the new inclusion are taken in a positive node, leading to the fact that the data processing will be completed in a better way (Deering & Hinden, 2017)
- Dependency of the processing regarding the platform of 4G protocol is not present making it an independent source
- 4G protocol is faster than most of the other protocol system
- Sequence manipulation is one of the major factor that increases the implementation of the data management but in case of internet protocol, Sequence manipulation is absent and this is the major reason that the processing of data center (Rangisetti, & Tamma, 2017).
- Unstructured Identification is a reason of concern in case of 4G protocol system.
- Despite all the advantages that are present in 4G, the major disadvantage is connectivity
- RIP issues are also present in the course of processing of data management in 4G protocol (NgNguyen, 2014)
- Absence of authentication that is related to the addressing of the network system acts as one of the security glitches of the 4G protocol system
Advantage: The major advantages that are present in the usage of 5G protocol are as follows: –
- Adding of new files in the processing of file transfer is one of the major advantage of 5G protocol(John & Ryoo, 2015)
- The ability the file transfer process ensures the fact that the networking is performed with much higher persistence, which leads to the fact that the connectivity is done with highest efficiency
- More than one connectivity source can be sent in a stretch, leading to the fact that the entire process gets completed with higher efficiency.
Major disadvantages of this protocol are as follows: –
- Spoofing of the files that are being transferred acts as a vulnerability to the processing of file transferring
- Framework scripting that acts as a major technological process in completion of the network processing,
- Data that are present in the data base of the network, can be deleted in a stretch, which affects the processing in an adverse way
- There is no protection provided to the password that is set with respect to administrative perspective
- Generic nature of the functioning has been acting as of the major problem in the completion of the project
- Spoofing of data incurs that several security issue arises
- Packeting of data also adds a negative impact on the completion of the project
- Bounce attack is the most extravagant security issue that is present in the course of completion of the project (Jover, 2016).
- The generic nature of the Li Fi protocol includes the fact that the data management is dome in an efficient way. This is one of the reason for usage of the Li Fi protocol.
- Interface of the Li Fi protocol as well as the systematic architecture of the protocol system is known as the terminologies that are present in the course of the Li Fi functioning
- The protocols that are used in this layer are adaptable to changes that are brought in the course of the projection of the data center.
- Abstraction is a main advantage that the Li Fi provides to the customer of the Li Fi protocol
- Efficient wireless connections are supported in this Li fi protocol (Coupland & Serban, 2014)
- Dependence of the layers on each other is very high, leading to the fact that in case one of the layer gets dysfunctional, all the layers stop functioning. This is a disadvantage that causes the lessened usage of Li Fi.
- Proper knowledge regarding the processing of data management is not provided in the course of data maintenance
- Data that are present in the Li Fi gets duplicated, leading to the fact that the data that are stored in the Li Fi protocol gets accessed by the imposters that might affect the genuine clients
- The security design that is used is not very well structured and it gets easier for the imposters for gaining access to the data that are present in the Li Fi (Bilgin & Gungor, 2014)
The journal “An architecture for software-defined wireless networking. IEEE Wireless Communications” basically states the facts that are required for complete analysis of the architecture of the software-defined wireless networking. This journal also simplifies the processing of data management of the internal issues that are present in the course of completion of the entre projects with highest efficiency. Day to day scenario of the software-defined wireless networking is also described in this journal
The journal “Software Defined Wireless Networks: A Survey of Issues and Solutions” deals with the implementation of software-defined wireless networking in the course of business management and other technical resources. This journal also provides a proper description of networking systems, namely the 4G, 5G connectivity systems. This journal also provides a proper diversification in between both the technologies that are present in the course of the implementation of the networking systems. The advantages of 5G technology over the 4G technology is also provided in the prosecution of the data management.
References
Bilgin, B. E., & Gungor, V. C. (2014). Performance comparison of IEEE 802.11 p and IEEE 802.11 b for vehicle-to-vehicle communications in highway, rural, and urban areas. International Journal of Vehicular Technology, 2014.
Deering, S., & Hinden, R. (2017). Internet protocol, version 6 (IPv6) specification (No. RFC 8200).
Garcia, C. R. (2013). Effects of extreme surface roughness on 3D printed horn antenna. Electronics Letters, 49(12), 734-736.
Hall, R. J. (2013). A Geocast Based File Transfer Protocol. In MILCOM (pp. 150-156).
Han, S., Chih-Lin, I., Xu, Z., & Rowell, C. (2015). Large-scale antenna systems with hybrid analog and digital beamforming for millimeter wave 5G. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1), 186-194.
Heath, R. & Zhang, J. (2013). A current perspective on distributed antenna systems for the downlink of cellular systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 51(4), 161-167.
Hong, W. & Ko, S. T. (2014). Study and prototyping of practically large-scale mmWave antenna systems for 5G cellular devices. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(9), 63-69.
Joh, H., & Ryoo, I. (2015). A hybrid Wi-Fi P2P with Bluetooth low energy for optimizing smart device’s communication property. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 8(4), 567-577.
Jover, R. P. (2016). LTE security, protocol exploits and location tracking experimentation with low-cost software radio. arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.05171.
NgNguyen, P. T (2014). Quasi-Yagi antenna integrated transitions. Electronics Letters, 49(2), 88-89.
Rangisetti, A. K. (2017). Software Defined Wireless Networks: A Survey of Issues and Solutions. Wireless Personal Communications, 97(4), 6019-6053. doi: 10.1007/s11277-017-4825-8.
Tamma, B. R. (2017). Software Defined Wireless Networks: An interactive discussion of the Issues and Solutions.
Sun, H., Guo. (2013). A dual-band rectenna using broadband Yagi antenna array: the approach for effective design
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