Anticipatory Socialization in the World of Work

Anticipatory socialization is a concept that has been defined as “learning and practicing a new role before one actually occupies the position”. In the context of adolescence, anticipatory socialization does not necessarily require a high level of commitment from the individual. However, as individuals transition into the world of work and embark on their careers after completing their schooling, anticipatory socialization becomes a matter of assuming a role that they genuinely desire, as opposed to merely attempting to fit into a role they think they should play.

The Aspiring Corporate Executive

A classic example of anticipatory socialization can be seen in the aspiring young corporate executive. This individual meticulously adopts various aspects of the corporate world, including clothing, speech, reading materials, political views, and even sports interests, all in an effort to emulate those who occupy the roles to which they aspire. This emulation often begins long before a specific job is secured, as individuals immerse themselves in the culture and expectations of their desired profession.

Graduate Programs and Behavioral Patterns

Observations from two graduate programs in business administration—one associated with a prestigious Catholic university with approximately 7,000 students, and the other with a southern state university boasting around 15,000 students—reveal a conscious effort to indoctrinate students not only into the required technical skills but also into the behavioral patterns expected of future business professionals.

It is noteworthy that students’ overall grades and the nature of recommendations they receive are significantly influenced by their mastery of these nontechnical, behavioral skills. Research in the field of medical training echoes similar findings (Becker et al.

, 1961). Prospective doctors are not only expected to acquire medical expertise but also to internalize essential “bedside manners” to enhance doctor-patient relations, as highlighted in a recent article by J. B. Reuler et al. (Journal of the American Medical Association, 1980).

Blue-Collar Workers and Work Group Values

Although anticipatory socialization was not the primary focus of research on blue-collar workers, studies by Donald Roy and Ely Chinoy, drawing upon the classic research of the 1930s by Roethlisberger and W. J. Dickson, provide insights into the acceptance of primary work group values and norms, particularly as they relate to productivity (American Journal of Sociology, 1954, 1951-52). These studies suggest that embracing these norms is a prerequisite for group membership, and violations may result in social and physical sanctions.

Anticipatory Socialization in the Fishing Industry

Recent research on young fishermen sheds light on how anticipatory socialization begins early in certain occupations (Maiolo and Bort, 1980). Interestingly, many adult fishermen do not necessarily want their children to follow in their footsteps and pursue fishing as a livelihood. However, a significant proportion of sons do indeed choose to emulate their fathers. As these youngsters accompany adult fishermen, they acquire specialized knowledge such as caring for gear, setting traps and nets, and learning the language of predicting harvest levels and the most productive fishing locations or “sets.”

Some even try their hand at boat making, and observations have documented children fishing independently as early as thirteen years old. The selection of the “correct” raingear becomes a cherished birthday gift, and mastering the strategy of selling fish becomes a crucial skill learned from a very young age.

Conclusion

In conclusion, anticipatory socialization is a pervasive and significant phenomenon in the world of work, impacting various professions and industries. It involves not only the acquisition of technical skills but also the inculcation of social and behavioral skills that are essential for success in a chosen profession. Whether in the corporate world, medical field, or blue-collar occupations, individuals engage in anticipatory socialization to align themselves with the expectations and norms of their desired roles.