This paper aims at exploring the assessment report of the proposed project in line with the construction and building context. The assessment mainly grounded on the following design quantitative questions in line with the construction of the high rise structures as well as buildings in the meantime (Zhao, Hwang and Gao 2016 p.207).
The quantitative survey mainly used in developing and in coming up with the overall results for the assessment report of the proposed project essentially represented as indicated in the table below (Wiik et al. 2018 p.25).
BCA Section and Part |
BCA Performance Req. |
Proposed Project |
Complies Y/N |
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Fire Safety |
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P2.3.1; cl 3.7.1.3 |
Protection from the spread of fire- fire separation. External walls must be at least 900mm from boundary or fire-resisting (Tomlinson and Woodward 2014). |
External wall is 1500mm from boundary, less gutter overhang of 450mm = 1050mm from boundary |
Yes |
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Fire Detection and early warning- smoke alarms |
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P2.3.2; cl 3.7.2.3 |
Smoke alarm on each storey |
Yes, upstairs gallery & downstairs at base of stairs |
Yes |
||
P2.3.2; cl 3.7.2.3 |
In hallway servicing bedrooms |
Yes |
Yes |
||
P2.3.2; cl 3.7.2.3 |
On the ceiling |
Yes |
Yes |
||
P2.3.2; cl 3.7.2.2 (a) |
Interconnected |
Not Specified |
No |
||
P2.3.2; cl 3.7.2.2 (a) |
Connected to mains power |
Yes |
Yes |
||
Health and Amenity |
|||||
P2.4; cl 3.8.2.2 |
Room heights |
All downstairs room heights are 2.450m |
Yes |
||
Habitable room 2.4m |
Garage height is 2.525m |
||||
Kitchen / bathroom / laundry / pantry / garage 2.1m |
All upstairs room heights are 2.450m |
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P2.4.3; cl 3.8.3.2 |
Facilities |
Food prep facilities provided |
Yes |
||
Kitchen sink and food preparation facilities |
1bath, 3 showers |
||||
Bath or shower |
Washtub and washing machine space provided |
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Washtub and washing machine space |
Toilet and washbasin provided |
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Toilet and washbasin |
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cl. 3.8.3.3 |
Toilet door opening outwards or sliding or removable at 1.2m clear space |
Powder room door opens inwards, and does not have 1200mm clear space (1000mm to shower). Must change door. |
No |
||
Ensuite & bathroom have 1200mm clear space. |
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P2.4.4; cl 3.8.4.2 |
Light to habitable rooms: |
Room |
Area of room |
Window size as % of area |
Complies? |
Windows which are minimum 10% of floor area. |
Study |
9.9m2 |
2.29m2=23.13% |
Yes |
|
Or |
Dining |
12.8m2 |
2.29m2=17.89% |
Yes |
|
Roof lights of at least 3% of floor area |
Living |
15.13m2 |
4.77m2=31.53% |
Yes |
|
Family |
20.52m2 |
4.77m2=23.25% |
Yes |
||
Meals |
12.25m2 |
4.56m2=37.22% |
Yes |
||
Bed 1 |
21.40m2 |
6.69m2=31.26% |
Yes |
||
Bed 2 |
12.35m2 |
2.17m2=17.57% |
Yes |
||
Bed 3 |
11.43m2 |
1.88m2=16.45% |
Yes |
||
Bed 4 |
10.99m2 |
2.17m2=19.75% |
Yes |
||
Rumpus |
29.04m2 |
7.87m2=27.1% |
Yes |
||
Kitchen |
19.09m2 |
3.08m2=16.13% |
Yes |
||
The evaluations in line with the codes and those demarcated with the building practices mainly illustrated as summarized in the table below
BCA Section and Clause |
BCA performance requirements |
Proposed project requirements |
|
Access and Egress – Section D |
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D1.2(a) |
Every building must have at least one exit from each storey. |
The first floor offices are considered part of the ground floor storey; therefore they do not need their own exit on that level. The workshops have 2 doorways serving as exits. For the upstairs offices, the exit is both the internal stairs, and the doorway. |
|
An exit includes a doorway to a road or open space. Open space means a space on the allotment adequately protected from fire, open to the sky and connected directly with a public road. |
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Exit travel distances |
Section D, D1.4 © |
In class 5 and 8, no point on a floor must be more than 20m from an exit, or a point from which travel in different directions to 2 exits is available, in which case the max distance to one of those exits must not exceed 40m. |
There are two exits provided at the front and rear of each workshop. From the both the workshop floor and from the office at least one exit is less than 20m away. Also, the furthest exit does not exceed the 40m requirement. Both exits must pass the 20m requirement. |
Section D1.9(c) |
In a Class 5 or 8 building, the distance from any point on a floor to a point of egress to a road, or an open space by way of a required non-fire-isolated stairway must not exceed 80 m. |
The distance from the upstairs office to either exit is less than 80m |
|
Fire isolated stairs or ramps |
D1.3(b)(iii) |
Every stairway serving as a required exit must be fire-isolated unless it connects not more than 2 consecutive storeys |
The stairs in each workshop do not need to be fire-isolated as they do not connect more than 2 consecutive storeys. |
D1.7© |
Where a path of travel from the point of discharge of a fire-isolated exit necessitates passing within 6m of any part of an external wall of the same building, that part of the wall must have— |
FRL 90/90/90 walls specified on Ground Floor Set out Plans |
|
(i) an FRL of not less than 60/60/60; and |
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(ii) any openings protected internally in accordance with C3.4, |
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for a distance of 3 m above the level of the path of travel. |
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C3.4 |
Doorways— |
FRL -/60/30 doors specified on Elevation Plans. Only the back door is fire rated, whereas both exits of each workshop should be fire rated, as both exits are needed to meet the 20m rule above. They must also be self-closing or automatic closing doors. |
|
(A) internal or external wall-wetting sprinklers as appropriate used with doors that are self-closing or automatic closing; or |
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(B) –/60/30 fire doors that are self-closing or automatic closing |
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D1.9 |
A non-fire-isolated stairway serving as a required exit must provide a continuous means of travel by its own flights and landings from every storey served to the level at which egress to an open space is provided. |
The internal stairs from the office to the fire exit provide a continuous means of travel to the ground floor and therefore meets the requirement (Haas et al. 2015). |
|
Pedestrian ramps |
D1.9, D1.12, D2.3, D2.8, D2.10, D2.16 |
Not applicable |
N/A. There are no ramps on the plans, and none needed. |
Signs on doors |
D2.23(a)(ii)(C), D2.23(b)(ii) |
A sign must be installed, on each side of the door, where it can readily be seen on, or adjacent to, a door leading from a fire isolated exit to an open space. |
No requirements specified in the plans. |
The sign must be in capital letters not less than 20 mm high in a colour contrasting with the background and state for a self-closing door— “FIRE SAFETY DOOR DO NOT OBSTRUCT DO NOT KEEP OPEN” |
Place a sign on both sides of both fire doors stating FIRE SAFETY DOOR DO NOT OBSTRUCT DO NOT KEEP OPEN at least 20mm high and with a contrasting background colour. |
||
Car parking |
D3.5 |
Accessible car parking spaces— |
No indication of accessible parking space on plans (Sandanayake, Zhang and Setunge 2018) |
(a) must be provided in at a rate of 1 space for every 100 car parking spaces or part thereof (table D3.5) in a car parking area on the same allotment as a building required to be accessible; |
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(c) must comply with AS2890.6 |
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D3.4 |
The following areas are not required to be accessible: |
It is not necessary to provide an accessible parking space. The workshops are likely to be inappropriate to have accessible access because of the purpose for which the workshops will be used. |
|
(a) An area where access would be inappropriate because of the particular purpose for which the area is used. |
If a tenant proposes use the workshops in a manner which is appropriate for accessible access, accessible facilities (including car parking, access ways etc) would need to be provided by the tenant. |
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(b) An area that would pose a health or safety risk for people with a disability (Taylan et al. 2014). |
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General building access requirements |
D3.1 |
Buildings and parts of buildings must be accessible to and within all areas normally used by the occupants for class 5 and 8(table D3.1), unless exempted by clause D3.4. |
Due to the intended purpose of use of a workshop, it would be inappropriate to be accessible (Brook 2016). |
Buildings need not be accessible. |
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Access to buildings |
D3.2 |
A continuous accessible path (ie features to enable use by people with a disability) must be provided to a building required to be accessible: |
As the building does not need to be accessible, continuous accessible paths do not need to be provided (Eastman 2018) |
(i) from the main points of a pedestrian entry at the allotment boundary; and |
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(ii) from another accessible building connected by a pedestrian link; and |
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(iii) from any required accessible car parking space. |
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Parts of buildings to be accessible |
D3.3 |
In a building required to be accessible, every stairway must comply with clause 11 of AS 1428.1; and |
This requirement does not apply because the building is not required to be accessible (clause 3.4). |
Access ways must have: |
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(i) passing spaces complying with AS 1428.1 at maximum 20m intervals on those parts of an access way where a direct line of sight is not available; and |
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(ii) turning spaces complying with AS 1428.1: |
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(A) within 2m of the end of access ways where it is not possible to continue travelling; and |
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(B) at maximum 20m intervals along the access way. |
Conclusion
In summary, it is important to note that the analysis above mainly grounded on the preliminary analysis and assumptions as far as the building and construction is concerned. Therefore, it is important to conduct the actual survey and gather the facts and the real data below embarking on the design process. This is not only important for the bill of quantities but also for both the safety of the occupants and the neighborhood as a whole.
References
Brook, M., 2016. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Routledge.
Eastman, C.M., 2018. Building product models: computer environments, supporting design and construction. CRC press.
Haas, W., Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D. and Heinz, M., 2015. How circular is the global economy?: An assessment of material flows, waste production, and recycling in the European Union and the world in 2005. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 19(5), pp.765-777.
Sandanayake, M., Zhang, G. and Setunge, S., 2018. A comparative method of air emission impact assessment for building construction activities. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 68, pp.1-9.
Taylan, O., Bafail, A.O., Abdulaal, R.M. and Kabli, M.R., 2014. Construction projects selection and risk assessment by fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methodologies. Applied Soft Computing, 17, pp.105-116.
Tomlinson, M. and Woodward, J., 2014. Pile design and construction practice. CRC Press.
Wiik, M.K., Fufa, S.M., Kristjansdottir, T. and Andresen, I., 2018. Lessons learnt from embodied GHG emission calculations in zero emission buildings (ZEBs) from the Norwegian ZEB research centre. Energy and Buildings, 165, pp.25-34.
Zhao, X., Hwang, B.G. and Gao, Y., 2016. A fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach for risk assessment: a case of Singapore’s green projects. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115, pp.203-213.