Purpose Statement
Discuss About The Association For Advancement Of Computing.
Purpose Statement People have been spending more time on internet, social media to be specific. Life without social media is hard to imagine. Facebook is one of the most popular Social media sites and the present statistics show that there are almost 2.2 billion daily users on Facebook (Ahmad, 2011). Given the fact that one social media site has brought about such enormous changes in interpersonal communication, it is essential to conduct research to find the ways in which Facebook acts as predictor for variables such as low self esteem, low well being, Personality factors etc.
There are many different opinions on the topic of Facebook Addiction; however, it is the truth that uncontrolled Facebook usage does have dire effects on the life of an individual (Toma & Hancock, 2011).
Narcissism can be defined as a personality trait possessed by individuals in which they tend to seek excessive attention towards themselves and have an intense need to be wanted or liked. The basic concept of social media was to have larger social socials which are beyond are physical reach. There have been studies which have showed significant relationship between narcissism and problematic Facebook usage (Buffardi & Campbell, 2008). It has been studied that Facebook is a cultural norm in individualistic societies (McKinney, Kelly & Duran, 2012). There have also been studies relating the big five personality traits and problematic Facebook usage, which suggested a positive correlation between extraversion and extreme Facebook usage (Wilson, Fornasier, & White, 2010). The results of the study stated that individuals who are extroverts have a very low arousal threshold due to which they tend to get bored sooner and try to explore more, because of which they cannot tend to stop being involved in large social media networks. It has been seen that individuals scoring high on the trait of openness had no significant correlation with Facebook addiction (Wilson, Fornasier, & White, 2010).
Recent study by some university students about the relationship between narcissism and Facebook showed that there exists a positive correlation between Facebook usage and self promotional and antisocial behaviour (Carpenter, 2012).
Self esteem can be defined as the evaluation one makes of themselves in terms of their own capabilities, significance and worth (Wilson, Fornasier, & White, 2010). Studies have shown negative relationship exists between excessive Facebook usage and Self-esteem ( Echeburúa, 2010).
The Effect of Facebook Usage on Self-Esteem and Narcissism
Studies have shown that that it is the young people who have more chances of falling into the social networking addiction (Forest & Wood, 2012) which is the rationale behind taking the sample from the young adult population.
Facebook has become an inevitable part of the lives of people, especially the college, university and work place goers. However, this excessive usage has been posing a number of lifestyle health issues like anxiety, depression, low self esteem, loneliness, and decreased social interactions. There have also been studies which suggest a negative correlation between problematic Facebook usage and well-being of individuals (Satici & Uysal, 2015).
However, there have been studies which suggest positive relationships between the variables discussed (Munoz & Towner, 2009). There are evidences stating positive correlation between positive feedback on Facebook and self esteem (Valkenburg, Peter & Schouten, 2006). Ellison et al., (2007) stated that Social networking helps students in maintaining the social capital and help them experience more satisfaction in life and also have more social trust.
In our study we are going to investigate if problematic Facebook usage is a predictor for variables like self- esteem and narcissism. We will also be looking if there is any significant gender difference in the three scales.
Understanding the effect of Facebook usage on essential variables likes self esteem and narcissism is required, so that, more awareness about controlled usage of the same can be raised.
Main Hypotheses/ Research question (in the case of qualitative research)
You can list up to 3 main hypotheses or research questions in this section.
- There will be a negative correlation between Problematic Facebook Usage and Self Esteem in Young Adults.
- There will be a positive correlation between problematic Facebook Usage and Narcissism.
- There will be a significant gender difference in the three variables.
Type of Design
The mentioned study will be correlational design because we want to find out the relationship between the variables and not the cause and effect connections.
Convenience Sampling Method will be used for this study. This sampling design is going to be used because there exists time and budget constraints. Convenience sampling is a kind of Non-probability sampling method which involves in selection of the participants on the basis of their availability and proximity.
Variable(s)
If correlational, identify measured variables (PV and CV)
The Predictor Variable in this study is Problematic Facebook Usage
The Criterion Variables in this study are Narcissism and Self Esteem.
Methods (a) Who are your participants going to be, and how many?
Participants in the Study will be college students between 18-25 years of age. The sample size would be 200. (100 males, 100 females).
Main Hypotheses/Research Question
(b) How will you gain access to your sample?
College students would be randomly approached, if they meet the age criteria, they will be explained about the study and requested to participate.
Exclusion criteria would include unwillingness of individuals to participate in the study.
- Participant Should belong to the age group of 18-25.
- Participant should be willing to take part in the study.
- Participant does not belong to the age group.
- Participant has serious physical ailment.
- Participant has a history of Mental Health issues.
(c) What equipment/resources/questionnaires will you require (continue on separate sheet if necessary)?
Following are the Questionnaires or testing materials that are going to be required for the Study.
- Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) ( Raskin & Terry, 1988)- This questionnaire consists of 18 items, each with a five point rating scale ranging from 1: very rarely to 5: Very often Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the scale is 0.83. Akin et al., (2013) stated that BFAS is a reliable and valid scale for measuring Problematic Facebook usage or Facebook Addiction.
- Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) is going to be used to quantify Narcissism. The questionnaire consists of 40 statements consisting of Narcissistic as well as not-narcissistic responses. Participants need to mark the statement congruent to their feelings.
- Self-Esteem Scale is going to be used to measure Self esteem of Individuals. This scale consists of 10 questions with a 4 pint rating scale ranging from 1- strongly agree to 4 – strongly disagree. Individuals with a score ranging between 10 and 40 have higher self esteem.
The participants are supposed to be informed about the tests that are to be done and the implications that they might have. Therefore willing participants are included in the study. Each Participant will be made to sign a consent form stating that he/she gave their full consent in participating in the study.
Also the anonymity of the information about each participant is to be maintained. It is to be mentioned to the participants that in case of any difficulty or problem, they can let the researcher know and that will be immediately acted upon.
Statistics/Analysis What analysis of your data do you consider appropriate and why?
The data will be analysed using Pearson’s Product moment correlation Independent T-tests and Regression analysis. Correlation coefficient will be used to find the linear relationship between the variables. Regression analysis will be used to predict the direction of relationship between the variables and t-tests will be used to find if there is any significant gender difference in the three scales.
References
Ahmad, A. (2011). Social network sites and its popularity. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science, 2(2), 522-526.
Buffardi, L. E., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Narcissism and social networking web sites. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 34(10), 1303-1314.
Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and individual differences, 52(4), 482-486.
Echeburúa, E. (2010). Addiction to new technologies and to online social networking in young people: A new challenge.
Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 12(4), 1143-1168.
Forest, A. L., & Wood, J. V. (2012). When social networking is not working: Individuals with low self-esteem recognize but do not reap the benefits of self-disclosure on Facebook. Psychological science, 23(3), 295-302.
Malik, S., & Khan, M. (2015). Impact of facebook addiction on narcissistic behavior and self-esteem among students. J Pak Med Assoc, 65(3), 260-263.
McKinney, B. C., Kelly, L., & Duran, R. L. (2012). Narcissism or openness?: College students’ use of Facebook and Twitter. Communication Research Reports, 29(2), 108-118.
Muñoz, C., & Towner, T. (2009, March). Opening Facebook: How to use Facebook in the college classroom. In Society for information technology & teacher education international conference (pp. 2623-2627). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(5), 890.
Satici, S. A., & Uysal, R. (2015). Well-being and problematic Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 185-190.
Toma, C. L., & Hancock, J. (2011). Affirming the self-online: Motives and benefits of Facebook use: Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association. Boston, MA.
Valkenburg, P. M., Peter, J., & Schouten, A. P. (2006). Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(5), 584-590.
Wilson, K., Fornasier, S., & White, K. M. (2010). Psychological predictors of young adults’ use of social networking sites. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 13(2), 173-177.
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