Benefits Of Application Of Dynamic System Modeling In Energy Systems

State-of-the-art/Literature Review

What Are The Benefits Of Application Of Dynamic System Modeling In Energy Systems?

How Can Complex And Nonlinear Energy Systems Be Analyzed Using System Modeling?

What Are The Factors That Affect The Energy System Modeling And How Do They Vary Among Different Energy Sources?

Energy system is referred to the overall system that includes the production and distribution of energy to various consumers as per their requirements. Without a particular system for the energy production and distribution, the amount of energy to be developed and distributed will be uneven in nature. Furthermore, there are certain guidelines and distribution standards that are to be followed and hence, development of a system is required. For the purpose of development of the system, there are several modeling techniques that can be utilized. The most appropriate technique for the development of energy system is system dynamic modeling. System dynamic modeling is a technique that can be used to control the production, flow and distribution of energy based on certain factors and parameters. This specific approach is required as the overall energy system is non-linear and complex in nature and various tools of the modeling like flows, stocks, internal feedback loops, table functions and time delays are being utilized. There are a number of modeling software available in the market that can be used to develop and simulate a complex and non-linear model of energy system.

The main focus of this particular research is the development of energy system using system dynamic modeling technique and aims to apply all the required parameters during the simulation of the system. The research involves detailed literature survey and as well as various experimental tests using dynamic model simulation software, causal loop diagrams, stock and flow diagrams, various equations and other related tools and techniques. The research study will also include analysis and simulation of various scenarios in order to investigate and understand about various technical and economic conditions that affect the overall energy system.

Energy System- According to Pfenninger, Hawkes and Keirstead (2014) energy system is mainly defined as a system that is dynamic and are associated with some uncertain behavior of system. There are many dynamic uncertainties as well as non-linear relationships in between system variables, interactive feedbacks, and time lags, which are inherited in energy system. The energy system is also defined as connection in different networks energy stores. These energy stores are linked for the purpose of distribution as well as transmission. One example can be considered as an example of system. The connection for the storage of system energy and current dissipation through utilization is the example of system. The energy systems are either manmade or is natural. Food chain can be considered as a natural energy system. Using of energy is exponentially used throughout the years of civilization.

Modeling Concept

Shaikh et al. (2014) illustrated the system dynamics are basically generic structure of the system, which are described as the dynamic system that uses the causality cycles, negative as well as negative feedback loops. The archetypes of system dynamics can also be described as a useful approach that is used for evaluation of dynamics for all possible scenarios in complex systems. The archetypes system can also assist the policy makers for visualizing effectively the whole energy system so that all the unexpected system behavior can be predicted (Harish and Kumar 2016). The system variables can be learnt and all their interaction is very important at the time of analyzing behavior of complex systems. The main variables of the system are mostly found in the archetypes. There almost exist one generic archetype for all problem of generic archetype. The system of archetype are mainly successful for using platform modelling complex dynamic systems.

History of Energy System- The history of energy system comes in two different stages. The stages of energy system are described below.

Afram and Janabi-Sharifi (2014) stated that before the industrialization, mostly human muscle power was used by the humans for applying energy. Before the industrialization, the food chain was mainly represented in the energy system. Energy system mainly helps to ensure that there are different tasks that can spread across. The energy that were supplied largely contained biomass as well as human muscle power. These were later on replaced by animal power. The energy resources that were harnessed before the industrialization were water, wind, as well as animal power.

When the age of industrialization started, more energy was needed to satisfy all the demands of different material, which were used in the revolution period (Harish and Kumar 2016). To meet the industrial revolution energy, the mode of energy was changed in the industrial revolution. Many studies have revealed the energy of the solar system as well as steam engine with their potential. Until 1800, different forms of energy was not developed. In the later age, with the increase demand of energy, a proper energy system was developed for ensuring the ecological and technological aspect that are to be achieved.

 Bhandari et al. (2015) stated that a decentralized energy can be properly described as a provision of small energy plants that are close to consumers. In many cases, there is a high energy demand that is not tackled by bigger plants that includes the nuclear plants or the coal fired power plants. Most of the converter’s location in the energy system is strategic because the energy is positioned at point where energy is needed. This makes most of the power plants available for consumers. The structure of power plant is also changing that is enabling the energy management as well as provides modifications in energy management, protecting the systems, and grid operations. Decentralized energy systems as well as the centralized energy systems are not mutually exclusive. Both the energy systems are mutually coexist. There are many types of plant technologies that are available for provision of thermal as well as electrical energy (Wang et al 2015). The energy that is received from the primary sources are converted in the form that desires a series of steps. The energy that is achieved from the primary sources mainly gets converted to a form that is desired in many steps. Systems that use regenerative technologies as main source of energy include plants for energy conversion as well as combination of heat as well as power plants and also many development opportunities or have structure of decentralized power supply. The combination of heat as well as power plants mainly operates with the use of combustion engines, fuel cells, stirring engines, and micro gas turbines.

According to Harish and Kumar (2016) regenerative sources can be exploited directly as well as indirectly that is can be exploited technically. These include geothermal energy, water energy, wind energy, and solar radiation. There are some fluctuations in electric output or the wind and solar energy which majorly depends on the type of weather condition. The economic and the technical bundling of different types of decentralized plant stations and loads commonly known as virtual power plants. For the communication infrastructure, a well-trained expertise for connection purpose for decentralized supply of energy.

Modeling Concept- There are different procedures, philosophies, and theories that connects with the system when there is analysis of behaviors of complex feedbacks systems. These are experienced in particular field of environmental science, technology, medicine, co-operate management, economics as well as environmental science. Isabella et al. (2016) stated that the technique that is used in this system is used in the cybernetic knowledge as well as can be applied in systematic thinking. There are numeric simulation methodologies so that behavior is non-linear system. There are many engineering poses in different aspects similar to the other technical profession that includes politics, sociology, economics, and ecology. So, the linking of different systems is possible with many diversification as well as there are different solutions that can solve different challenges in the fields of energy.

According to Harish and Kumar (2016), energy models are generally developed in order to determine a specific system with a series of working laws within which the energy distribution can work. This is essential for appropriate distribution of energy as it can be controlled and set to following specific parameters. Manual energy modelling was initially used but it is much less effective and hence, specific software has been developed to perform these activities much more efficiently and accurately. Modelling through softwares is much more efficient and better tool to use during the investigation of a case scenario that cannot be accessed by regular methods. Energy system models are in this way valuable, as they delineate hugely confounded systems that are past the capacity of the human brain to appreciate and understand. The energy models developed by running simulation software can be utilized to perform thorough estimations and system examinations. Using such software efficiently must require consideration of risk, supporting technique and sensitivity examination for policy creators and financial specialists.

As stated by Wang et al (2015) there are many advantageous properties that the system dynamics provides in the energy field. They system dynamics can stock as well as flow diagrams that offers system modules. The processes that are involved in system dynamics that can take place discernible. There are also different dependencies and relationships in system dynamics that are very easy for the user to understand. System dynamics also has feedback loops that are easily understandable as can be easily analyzed. There are certain influencing factors that easily maps through the separate dynamic process as well as any process in the system dynamics can scaled and can be individually considered. According to Luo et al. (2015) in system dynamics, the integration system process as well as quality process is also possible. Process groups can easily be coordinated as well as analyzed within that context. There are also possibility in system dynamics that combines models as well as other disciplines mutually. The integration involved in system dynamics of other influencing process are done without any type of challenge.

Based on the research topic and the requirements of the research outcome, there can be some research questions that will help to determine an accurate roadmap and ultimate goal for the research. Hence, for this particular research, the following research questions can be set.

Based on the developed research questions, the aims, objectives and sub goals of the research can be determined. Before specifying the objectives and sub goals, it is important to clearly understand the aim of the research. The basic aim of the research is to study the dynamic system modeling process and its application on the modeling of energy systems. On application of the modeling process, the aim is to analyze complex energy systems that are non linear in nature and develop them in simulation softwares for simulation purposes. The simulation process will help analyze and study the energy systems and the development of various related diagrams and system models like stock flow diagrams, graphical representations and others. Based on these aims of the research, the objectives and sub goals are developed as follows.

• To select a research topic and get it approved
• To determine the feasibility of the research in terms of scope, time and expenses
• To determine the scope and objectives of the research
• To conduct extensive literature review in order to gain more understanding of the topic as well as gather sufficient amount of data for further analysis, evaluation and experimental study
• To prepare an experimental set up for the study of the dynamic system modeling for energy systems
• To conduct the experiments and note down results and outcomes
• To analyze the collected data for reaching suitable conclusions and answering the research questions

The methodology for this research will include collection of data from literature as well as conducting experimental analysis of the energy systems using simulation procedures. However, the entire research will center around the dynamic system modeling process for energy systems. Hence, the major part of the research will include experiment in lab using computer and relevant software. In the computer, the dynamic system modeling software will be installed and in this software, a number of case scenarios will be developed related to the energy system and the dynamic system model will be applied on these scenarios for analysis and evaluation. For the purpose of following a specific path for the research, the chosen energy system is a decentralized power supply unit. For the purpose of studying energy modelling for the decentralized power supply unit, using the simulation software, a cogeneration plant will be modelled that will also include the peak load boiler, heat accumulator and simulation feedback. In the simulation lab, some specific tools from the field of system dynamics and system simulation are used for making the experiments related to the modelling and simulation of an energy system. In previous works particularly the System Dynamics idea has ended up being beneficial for the modelling and simulation of the energy system scenarios, in view of its modelling logic and adaptability. In this particular experiment, system dynamics modelling has been chosen to use for complying with the specific energy standards and distribution guidelines that are to be applied within the case scenarios. Specifically this is intriguing for endeavors of the energy supply industry which possess themselves with decentralized energy supply as a part of the action plan. In order to understand the exact processes to be analyzed in this research some details of decentralized energy supply process are to be analyzed and understood in detail.

Decentralized energy supply requires constant supply of power to the distribution plants that in turn supply the power to the consumers following specific standards and limitations. The energy demand is not canvassed as in the past by a couple of midway found large scale energy generation plants (for instance thermal power station, nuclear power station and others), however rather by considerably smaller energy conversion plants. Centralized and decentralized energy supply is along these lines not fundamentally unrelated by any stretch of the imagination. Both of the types of energy supply are used to supply power to the distribution plants but there are some basic differences regarding the working of the two. Various plant innovations are accessible for giving electrical energy and thermal energy. This offer ascends to a changing power plant structure and additionally altered necessities forced on network activity, energy administration and insurance engineering. The new energy converters are found where the energy is required, with the goal that various little power plants are available in the region of the consumers. The essential energy source is changed over to the coveted energy frame in a grouping of fell conversion steps. Specifically advances with energy conversion plants and combined heat and power plants (CHP) using regenerative energies as essential energy sources have a tremendous improvement potential for decentralized energy supply structures. The experiment in this particular research does not focus on the specific types of energy but mainly aims to use decentralized energy supply systems as the basic background of the case scenarios to be developed and simulated through this experiment

The entire experiment will be done using modeling and simulation software in which the energy system scenarios will be developed. In these scenarios, the energy systems will be developed and the virtual circuit will be created. The parameters and their values collected from various sources as well as collected will be added to the circuit and the scenarios will be run under several pre determined conditions. The results will be collected, studied and evaluated in order to reach a certain conclusion and also determine whether the research questions have been answered or not.

For the purpose of energy planning and modelling at a centralized and decentralized level, computer software for modelling and simulation has been utilized in this particular research. The decentralized energy planning models and methodologies will be analyzed during the course of the research. For the study of the energy modelling process, the concept of decentralized energy planning was analysed. Decentralized energy planning (DEP) is an idea of late starting point with constrained applications. The present example of commercial energy arranged advancement, especially centered around fossil fuels and centralized power, has brought about imbalances, outer obligation and ecological debasement. The proposed experiment is expected to demonstrate that diverse models are being produced and utilized around the world regarding the effective utilization of energy by preventing losses and controlling the distribution of energy within a particular decentralized energy planning process. The centralized energy planning practices is not considered in this particular research because it cannot focus on the varieties in financial and natural variables of a locale, which impact achievement of any mediation. The local and decentralized planning system considers different accessible resources and demands in an area.

The proposed timeline for the entire research process is shown in the following table.

Conclusions

It can be hereby concluded that since the entire research process will be conducted through simulations and modelling, the results need to be accurate and verified with existing collected data in order to ensure the research is successful. In addition to the accuracy of the collected data, it is required to ensure the research questions are answered and scope of future research is determined. As the requirement for the selection of research topic, dynamic system modelling for energy system was chosen as this is a topic that has still lot to explore. In order to conduct the research on the selected topic, a specific research timeline has been developed with the expected number of days is 122. For the purpose of gathering sufficient insight and knowledge regarding the chosen topic, an in-depth literature review has been conducted. In this phase, works of some reputed researchers on the process and benefits of energy modelling process and the implementation of the dynamic system modelling on the energy systems. The main target has been to apply certain conditions and working laws on the distribution of energy to the consumers. Now energy systems have two types of planning – centralized and decentralized. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages but for the purpose of this particular research, decentralized energy planning has been chosen. Most of the research work in this particular module will be conducted experimentally instead of entirely theoretical. For the experimental analysis, specific simulation software will be used for developing decentralized energy planning model and certain parameters will be added. Accordingly, the simulation will be started and studied for reaching conclusions in the research. Using these conclusions, the research questions will be addressed and research document will be prepared.

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