Big Data Analytics in Healthcare – An Overview
The Big data analytics is a process that examines large as well as different data sets commonly known as big data for uncovering the hidden patterns, market trends, unknown correlations, customer preference, and many other information that are needed in an organization to make its business more informed (Belle et al. 2015). The big data analytics are actually driven by many specialized analytic system as well as software which helps in many business benefits such as better effective marketing, good customer service, revenue opportunities, competitive advantages and operational efficiency. The enterprise gets to analyze the company’s data with the help of big data analytics very quickly and also offers the real-time analysis. Big data analytics can be utilized by many industries with high-performance predictive analytics, optimization, forecasting, data mining, and text mining so that they can drive innovation as well as make better decisions for the organization.
The application of big data analytics enables the data scientists, statisticians, many analytics professionals and predictive managers to study and analyze the growing volume of transaction data, as well as other forms of data that are left untapped by the conventional use of business intelligence as well as analytics programs (Raghupathi and Raghupathi 2014). The forms of data that are collected are a mixture of structured data as well as unstructured data which includes web server logs, content of social media, data of internet clickstream, emails and survey response from the customer as text, call-details record of mobile phones as well as machine data that are to be captured by the sensors that are connected through the internet of things.
The industry that is used for detailed analysis is the healthcare industry. The increased amount of data in the healthcare industries are very difficult to manage and the cost of managing those data in going high day by day (Ganjir, Sarkar and Kumar 2016). To cut the extra cost of storing the data, smart and data-driven application is used which is known as big data analytics. The big data analytics helps to store large amount of data of the patients in healthcare. The healthcare centers does not share the information of patients with others and ensure to keep the data safely in their system. In healthcare industries, data management and data gathering is becoming bigger and the IT professionals needs some help to solve this issue. Big data analytic is one of such application that can solve this issue. This report elaborates the details of big data analytics with data collection and storage, data in action as well as business continuity for the healthcare industries.
Data Collection System
Data Collection System- The treatment models in the healthcare sector are changing very rapidly and the changes is mainly driven by the name of data. The working procedure of the healthcare industries are changing and all the details of their patients are stored in the database of their server. But with increasing number of patients, and with increasing amount of data, the healthcare industries are facing difficulty (Archenaa and Anita 2015). Doctors in the healthcare industries wants to know all the details of their patients as well as details of their early life to make the treatment more effective and cure the disease. So, to store those data the industrial sectors, big data analytics are used. The data that are gathered from the healthcare industries includes data of patients, data of all the medical tests, data of surgeries as well as data of health surveys.
Gathering of huge amounts of data for the medical use very costly and is very time consuming. With the improving technologies in recent time, the amount of data for the medical use is increasing and the cost of gathering and using of data is very high (Wang, Kung and Byrd 2018). All those data related with the healthcare industries are stored with big data analytics so that the data that are stored are easy to access and the treatment process becomes faster and the inventory are easy to track.
Figure 1: (Types of Big data analytics)
(Source: Created by Author)
The clinical data that can be collected from the healthcare industries includes six types of clinical data. The clinical data are the staple resources of the healthcare sectors. The types of clinical data that are to be stored in big data analytics are as follows:
1. Electronic Health Records– Electronic Health Records (EHR) is an electronic data of clinics that contains the details of the patients, medical facilities, clinics and hospital practice that are used in a clinic. The data of EHR is not available to the outsiders and contains data like demographic and administrative information, treatment, laboratory, tests, physiologic data monitoring, patient insurance, prescription drugs, diagnosis as well as insurance of the patients (Gandomi and Haider 2015).
2. Administrative Data- Administrative data consists of hospital discharge data that are reported to the government agency. The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) stores all the data that are related to the administrative data.
3. Patient registries or diseases registries- This clinical data actually tracks narrow range of the key data for some chronic diseases (Manogaran et al 2017). All the data are to be stored in the network for other to analyze in future.
Types of Clinical Data to be Stored in Big Data Analytics
4. Health Surveys- Records of national surveys are also to be stored securely by the healthcare industries. The surveys conducted are basically needed for research purposes that are needed in future. Health surveys data are needed to conduct research work in future.
5. Trails data of clinics- The trail data set includes registry and the results of the database that are hosted by NIH. Information that are privately as well as publicly supports clinical studies and also the clinical trial registration that are registered from 15 trail registries are also stored as clinical data in healthcare industries.
6. Claims Data- Claims data are the data that includes the billing related data that is done in between the insured patients and delivery system of the healthcare. The billing data may include insurance bills. The claims data generally falls in four categories which includes outpatient, enrollments, pharmacy, inpatient, and enrollment.
Storage System- With the increasing amount of data in the healthcare industries there is a need in the healthcare systems to store the data securely and safely in some system (Bates et al. 2014). Different healthcare centers uses different types of data storage system which depends on the type of data they are actually storing. As huge amount of data is being generated by the healthcare system recently, healthcare organizations can store their data as the retail businesses do. There are many ways by which data can be stored in the system. Three types of data storage systems are described in the section below.
Figure 2: Supply and Demand Drivers of a healthcare system
Cloud data storage: A secure, inexpensive as well as scalable data storage system is a cloud solution that the healthcare organizations can follow. The cloud can help to store all the data of healthcare organization (Riggins and Wamba 2015). For getting a cloud service, the first and foremost thing that healthcare needs to do is finding out a cloud provider which provides secure and trusted service to the organizations. Secondly, the executives of the organizations needs to analyze the type of data that are to be stored in the cloud. After that the cloud service provider can be given a contract for storing the data securely in their network. There should also be regulatory requirements such as HIPPA in the organization for selecting a data storage system in the organization.
Flash technology of storing data: The flash technology of storing data is gaining popularity recently. Flash storage is becoming viable that are nowadays used alternatively to disk storage system or cloud based storage system. This technology is new to the healthcare industry and offers many benefits that includes instant accessing of data or low latency (Kankanhalli et al. 2016). The flash technology also offers great uptime of data and the healthcare organizations can get the access of data anytime they want to, even in an outage.
Storage System
Blockchain- The blockchain is another option of data storage in the healthcare industries. This is considered as one of the buzziest buzzwords in the sector of healthcare. This technology is solves the problem of healthcare IT system that includes interoperability as well as data exchange (Rumsfeld, Joynt and Maddox 2016). This blockchain solution of data storage solves biggest problem in the healthcare centers. Healthcare data like image file of scans and x-rays in the health centers are stored with the help of blockchain storage system so that the access control of files becomes easier.
Consumer-centric product design- Customer-centric design is defined as element that are missed out for attracting the customers and retain the customer base of an organization. The customer-centric design is commonly known as user-centric design which is a process in which the service and product is framed which are needed by the consumer, by consumer wants and limitation from the end user (Alani et al. 2018). The customer centric design is done in terms of quality as well as in terms of design of the service or the product that is designed by the customer. The design of the process in the organization takes place according to the mind of user who is using the product or the service.
The customers or the user have more control over the product or the design because of the increased number of products or many options that they can avail with the help of internet and through other technical related service. If the customer do not like of the product of a particular company, Google search is enough to search for some other product or service with relatively lower price (Kambatla et al. 2014). This is a state of consumer power that have risen up in recent days. So, consumer-centric design is important for all industries and companies, specifically in industry like healthcare industries. So, healthcare industries is mostly focusing on the needs of customer about what services they want from medical industry, or what type of product will seek more customer to a particular organization. Today’s marketing mainly depends on the customer needs and the culture of the companies are shifting towards customer-centric approach. One of the main problem of this organization centric design is that is there is an issue of internet or website of the online product or service does not work. Here, the customer centric design works in a better way.
Cloud Data Storage
To start with the customer-centric design, there are mainly couple of things that are to be known by the customer. The employees of the organization or the developers or the designers needs to know about their customers who are involved in the organization. The first step is to know about who the customers are in an organization. Firstly, the organization needs to know about their customers and to whom the customers are targeting (Wang and Hajli 2017). There is also a need to know that the customers the organization is targeting are technologically savvy or not. These features are important for a company to know for personalizing the service or the product that are providing to their users. The second thing that the organization needs to know is that the goals of the customers. The organizations should forget the service they are offering and focus on the service the customers are expecting from the organization. The organization should change their organizational goals accordingly. The organization needs to know the customer needs and should serve all their products and services on the website of online services.
The organization needs narrow down their goals according to the user accomplishment and serve them accordingly. Finally, the organization needs to know about how the customer will interact with the solution that the organization is providing to them. The environment that the customers are also to be known by the organization when they are providing service or product to them (Senthilkumar et al. 2018). This might include that if the customer is using desktop or hey are using their phone while using the service or product. The organization also needs to think about the environment the user is in while using the product or service.
For the healthcare industries, it is very important to understand the true value of using the customer-centric in this field. It is recommended to the leaders of the healthcare industries for recognizing the realities that exist in healthcare system (Tan, Gao and Koch 2015). The healthcare services that are available are usually costs very high. So the Industry has to mostly focus on the cost efficiency as well as centralize the regulations that can lower the cost of the service that are providing. This will result in using of service of the healthcare by high end employees as well as poor employees. An approach of customer centric mostly changes the scenario which shifts the focus to customers for making their processes better. The customer centric approach helps the patients to work with the physicians for understanding their own risks and making the treatment options much active and taking their decisions about the service of the organization.
Flash Technology of Storing Data
It is recommended to use user centric design in the organization which can help the customers to make the service better (Al Mayahi, Al-Badi, and Tarhini2018). The customers can engage with the searching of their health problems and can become engaged with their own preventive cares. So, to engage a consumer with the healthcare can make the situation cost effective and can also improve the outcomes of the service. The hospitals are recommended to know about their consumer base and also needs to know their potential consumer base and provide service accordingly (Wamba et al. 2017). The organizations are suggested to decide what kind of patients they are serving to provide service according to the will of the users. Consumer-centric evaluation is suggested for the organization that is based on the population that is to be served by the organization.
There are five key points that are to be followed for the consumer-centric care. The five points are described below:
- Experience: This generally leads to cure.
- Empathy: Generally makes feel the care of the provider.
- Efficiency: This helps to keep them waiting.
- Economy: Ensures that the customers gets fair value.
- Empowerment: This basically gives the choice of the customers to do their treatment plans.
If the online systems goes down then there might be a great loss for the healthcare organizations. In many of the cases, there is no such tools for scanning the IT environment that is on the track. There can be outage that can come with the rise of technology which includes servers, SAN, as well as storage of the system. There are many vendors that are provides services which causes problem (Chen et al. 2017). For continuing the business online, there is a need of tool which monitors the IT environment that comes deeply across with all the technologies as well as vendors for 24×7 hours. The vendors computing covers computing efficiency, server operations, SAN, virtualization efficiency, storage environments as well as resource utilization. There are many historical data that allows to see the regular performance patterns of the healthcare systems. There are many trends that helps in growing the memory usage because of the changes that are to be done in the healthcare operations.
The hospitals and the healthcare providers recording of the records and all the sensitive informations that related with the online healthcare systems. With the increasing risks, the penalties of the non-compliance is also increasing. Healthcare units are starting the HIPPA rules for the maintenance of the backup of the data as well as recovery of PHI (Priyanka and Kulennavar 2014). The healthcare businesses and the associates generally faces investigations and provides penalties up to $1.5 million violation. Data loss as well as downtime usually caused by the different types challenges as well as risks that ranges from different disasters for the failure of equipment and the failure form cyber security threats. There should be risk analysis in all the healthcare centers for keeping the data safe form any kind of cyber threats.
Blockchain
Conclusion
Enterprises and companies mostly implements Big Data Analytics that have different business benefits, including effective campaigns, discovery of revenue opportunities, much efficient operations, improved delivery of customer service, as well as competitive advantage. Most of the companies implement Big Data Analytics because the businesses wants to make more decisions related to informed business. The big data analytics mostly provides analytics professional which includes data scientists and includes more predictive modelers to analyze the ability of Big Data from different as well as various sources that includes structured data and transactional data.
The increasing use of solution to Big Data Analysis indicates that the Big Data is actually a business practice which stays because there is insights that the big data delivers to the enterprise who wants to gain competitive edge in the market, improves the sales, increases the team performance of the team, make proactive decisions in business related to data and also helps to increase the revenue of the organization.
The healthcare nowadays are having large number of data that are to be managed by the management of the organizations. The Electronic Health Records that are used in healthcare organizations alone has large amount of data. Most of the data of the EHR are collected for keeping a track on the patients’ health. The volume and velocity of data in today’s healthcare centers are high enough which are to be involved in big data. So, big data analytics are very much important for the increasing number of data in the healthcare centers.
From this report, it can be concluded that it is very important to implement Big Data Analytics in the Healthcare Centers because of the increasing types of data formats from the applications of the healthcare centers. Healthcare centers stores details of the patients and images for future. This report consists of the Data Collection method that the healthcare centers do for data collection and the types of data that the healthcare centers generates. There is a need of Big Data Analytics for storing the data securely. This repot also elaborate the Data in action which includes Consumer-centric design of the service that the healthcare provides to the users and some recommendation is also provided in the report. There is also business continuity discussed in this report about online healthcare business can survive when there is outage of the services provided by the Healthcare service.
References
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Customer-centric Product Design
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