Business And System Analysis: High-Level And Low-Level Design Architecture Of XYZ Pharmacy

High-Level Design Architecture of XYZ Pharmacy

A High-level design elaborates the architecture that would applicable software product development. The architecture figure gives a general information of the whole system in question by identifying the major components which would be developed for the systems together with the interfaces involved. The High-level design utilizes terms that are not technical and also terms that are mildly technical that can be understood by the system’s administrator. A low-level design is a process of component-level design which follows the step-by-step process of refinement.

The process of Low-level design is used for designing structures of data, performance algorithms, software architecture required, source code, as well as performance algorithms. This paper requires the development and description of a high-level design architecture and low-level design representation of the pharmacy which is named XYZ. This pharmacy is an organization which is dealing with medicinal drugs which patients can purchase depending on the subscription by the doctors (Bharat Bhushan Agarwal, 2013, p. 187). Just like any other organization, the XYZ pharmacy is a business organization dealing in numerous drugs and other health-related kits such as fast aid kits. Some of the major functions of the XYZ Pharmacy include administration, medication history for patients, dispense management, adverse events, prescription management, and health system use.

The following figure shows a simplified view of the XYZ pharmacy according to the IT perspective:   

Figure 1 simplified view of the XYZ Pharmacy according to IT perspective

The business strategies involved the strategies put in place by the pharmacy in ensuring that all the employees are striving towards meeting the goals of the organization whose major intentions is to the provision of health services that are of high standards. The services which will be offered by the pharmacy include checkups, physical examination, consultations, massages, drug prescription, and selling of medicinal drugs (MALL, 2011, p. 169). The management is involved in general operations of the pharmacy such as employing new staff to occupy positions for these individuals who have been promoted to another level or in case some previous employees have quit their positions in the pharmacy.

The management is appointed due to their managerial skills together with skills in the medical field which is necessary for the management of the pharmacy. This group of managers are appointed by the owner of the pharmacy and are holding their position due to their credentials. The IT infrastructure comprises of both the High-level design and Low-level design architecture which describes the gives general and detailed information of the whole system in question by identifying the major components which would be developed for the systems together with the interfaces involved respectively (O’Regan, 2015, p. 175).

The IT infrastructure is composed of the computer platforms such as personal computer, CPU, memory, users, and computer applications, and network systems which link all technologies, people, and processes within the pharmacy. The figure below shows the general High-level design of the XYZ pharmacy. The general design comprises of Sales, customer service, marketing, supply chain management, corporate management, finance and accounting, and warehousing and distribution (Qian, 2014, p. 247). 

Low-Level Design Architecture of XYZ Pharmacy

Figure 2 general High-level design architecture of the XYZ pharmacy

The detailed high-level design architecture of the XYZ pharmacy is as shown below. The design is more focus in giving details of the actual processes taking place in each level of the design. 

Figure 3 detailed high-level design architecture of the XYZ pharmacy

The components making up the high-level design architecture of the pharmacy are explained exclusively below:

Sale Terminals: This section of the design deals with the selling of the products offered by the pharmacy. The products and services which the organization is undertaking are the major concentration of the pharmacy. The activities being carried out within the sales section include purchasing, customer payment, selling chain management, and order processing. A customer who is interested in purchasing a drug will go to the customer support, place an order, go through selling chain management, order processing, purchasing, and then customer payment (Sharma, 2013, p. 197).

Customers (Patients): This section deals with all the services that a customer seeking to purchase a product or access any service enjoy. There are specific employees who are involved in offering any service that the customer may wish to enjoy. Such services may include after-sales services, the inquiry of prices of products and services, supporting physically challenged people, and any inquiries concerning the services offered by the pharmacy.

Corporate Data Center: This section forms the center stage of all the activities inside the pharmacy. The activities in this section include enterprise purchase, business intelligence, corporate planning, and business monitoring and control. The corporate management forms a link to all other components and activities making up the high-level design (Vasudeva Varma, 2012, p. 178).

Strategic Information: This section deals with the marketing strategies employed by the pharmacy to promote the name of the organization leading to many customers and competing with their competitors favourably. Marketing strategies involve carrying out market research of ways of improving the services and products offered by the pharmacy.

Employees: This is a section in the high-level design architecture deals with payment and hiring of new staff depending on the demand by the management. This section has payrolls and list of all the employees together with their levels of income. Any guest who wishes to invest in the organization will be received by the human resource manager for any discussion of the business (O’Regan, 2015, p. 167).

Merchandising: This is a section in the organization where the goods are stored before their distribution to numerous branches owned by the pharmacy. The goods received from the manufacturers will also be stored in the warehouse before they are distributed to the various departments in the organization.

Supply chain, Distribution and Logistics: This section of the high-level design architecture of the pharmacy deals with the scheduling, procurement, and monitoring and control of the partners, suppliers, and distributors of the XYZ pharmacy. This section directly works together with warehousing and distribution for storing the goods and keeping the inventory (Bharat Bhushan Agarwal, 2013, p. 168).

Payment Processor: This section of the high-level design architecture of the pharmacy deals with the financial flow inside, within and outside the organization through releasing funds for any expenditure such as payment of salaries and then keeping all the records of the amount spent and for what reason.

Conclusion

Low-Level Design architecture for the XYZ Pharmacy

From the High-level design architecture above, it is easy to develop structures of data, perform algorithms, software architecture required, source code, as well as performance algorithms for the Low-level design architecture of the pharmacy. From the High-Level Design above, it is possible to come up with low-level design codes as shown below:

Sale Terminal (Includes catalogs, and web/internet)

Item-code: numerical (10)

Description: char (20)

Cost per unit item: numerical (10)

Commission: numerical (10)

Customer id: numerical (10)

Amount: numerical (10)

Employees (Includes hiring and payrolls)

Name: char (20)

Address: numerical (10)

Phone: integer (10)

Payment mode: char (20)

Tax: integer (10)

Payment Processor (Includes order management and order processing)

Invoice id: numerical (10)

Name: char (20)

Quantity: numerical (10)

Item code: numerical (10)

Receipt id: numerical (10)

Payment mode: char (20)

Tax: numerical (10)

Pass: logical

Merchandising (Includes inventory and distribution)

Receipt id: integer (10)

Cost: integer (10)

Date: char (20)

Item code: integer (10)

Quantity: integer (10)

Supply chain, Distribution and Logistics (Includes scheduling, procurement, and monitoring and control of suppliers, partners, and distributors)

Receipt id: integer (10)

Address: char (20)

Phone: integer (10)

Name: char (20)

Cost: integer (10)

Date: char (20)

Item code: integer (10)

Quantity: integer (10)

Pass: logical

Corporate Data Center (Includes business monitoring and control, business intelligence, and corporate planning)

Address: char (20)

Phone: integer (10)

Name: char (20)

Expiry date: numerical (10)

Description: char (30)

Pass: logical

Strategic Information (Involves market research)

Item code: integer (10)

Name: char (20)

Expiry date: char (20)

Payment-mode: char (20)

Cost: integer (10)

User interface

• The screen of the admin

Start-up 🙁 Authenticate yourself)

Taking of stock: (Screen of stock summary and also stock item)

Setting up the benefits of customer loyalty: (screen of loyalty program scheme, settings of special customer, rules of reward points, rules of reward point redemption then screen of discount) (Sharma, 2013, p. 187)

Preparation of demand and order forecasting + setting up sales and discount + flow of cash: (Screen of sales trend, screen of demand forecast, and screen of cash flow forecast, discount schemes, summary of pending orders)

Patient credit tracking: (summary of customer group credit, creating a new group, trends of customer group, screen of customer bill, and customer trend)

Filling stock: (Screen of filling stock, barcode print)

Expenses: (Entering screen of expense voucher then setting expense as recurring)

Shut-down: Screen of shut-down confirmation.

Supplier Session Screens

Supplier summary screen: (Edit or add patient screen, supplier payment screen then similar order screen)

Creating new supplier account: (Following the same procedure of adding or editing patient screen as done above)

Placing order: (Screen of sales trend, screen of demand forecast, and screen of cash flow forecast, discount schemes, summary of pending orders) (Vasudeva Varma, 2012, p. 178)

Accepting billing and delivery: (Screen of sales trend, screen of demand forecast, and screen of cash flow forecast, discount schemes, summary of pending orders)

Supplier returns: (Screen of sales trend, screen of demand forecast, and screen of cash flow forecast, discount schemes, summary of pending orders)

Settlement of suppliers: (Screen of sales trend, screen of demand forecast, and screen of cash flow forecast, discount schemes, summary of pending orders)

Patients’ session screen

Placing order or billing screen: (Up-sale Items, recurring order, transactions through credit card, and edit or add patient)

Settlement of order:  (Up-sale Items, recurring order, transactions through credit card, and edit or add patient)

Goods return: (Up-sale Items, recurring order, transactions through credit card, and edit or add patient) (O’Regan, 2015, p. 189)

Conclusion

This research paper is about development and description of a high-level design architecture and low-level design representation of the pharmacy which is named XYZ. A High-level design elaborates the architecture that would applicable software product development. The architecture figure gives a general information of the whole system in question by identifying the major components which would be developed for the systems together with the interfaces involved.

The Low-level design is used for designing structures of data, performance algorithms, software architecture required, source code, as well as performance algorithms. This paper requires the development and description of a high-level design architecture and low-level design representation of the pharmacy.  Some of the major functions of the XYZ Pharmacy include administration, medication history for patients, dispense management, adverse events, prescription management, and health system use. The processes which take place in the pharmacy as portrayed by the High-level design include employees, strategic information, corporate data center, merchandising, payment processor, sales terminal, and Supply chain, Distribution and Logistics.

References

Bharat Bhushan Agarwal, S. D. (2013). Software Project Management. Paris: Laxmi Publications.

MALL, R. (2011). FUNDAMENTALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING. London: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

O’Regan, G. (2015). Concise Guide to Software Engineering: From Fundamentals to Application Methods. Chicago: Springer.

Qian, K. (2014). Software Architecture and Design Illuminated. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Sharma, A. (2013). Human and Machine Systems Analysis. Colorado: Lulu.com.

Vasudeva Varma, V. V. (2012). Software Architecture: A Case-Based Approach. India: Pearson Education India.