Forms of Pollution
Discuss about the Water Supply and Pollution Control.
When various contaminants enter into an environment and harm the ecosystem, it is called pollution. Chemical substances such as heat, light, and noise are the reason which cause the pollution. There are various forms of the pollution such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, soil pollution, and many more. Pollution is caused by human action or reaction and sometimes due to the natural disaster. It is also caused by the natural disaster such as tornadoes, hurricanes, Volcanic eruptions, earthquake and other storms. The risk is caused by the pollution which affects the living being. Air pollution causes throat inflammation, chest pain, cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, and general congestion. Aged people have more risk from air pollution especially those have heart problems or lungs disorder (Anderson, Thundiyil, & Stolbach, 2012). 14000 people are dying each day due to contaminated drinking water. Almost 900 million people are still drinking contaminated water. Pollution spread in large amount by an industrialized society by disposing of the waste. Ocean acidification, smog can reduce the sunlight which is received by the plants to carry out the photosynthesis, Nitrogen oxides change the composition of the ecosystem which affects the environment. These are caused by the Carbon dioxide emission. When refineries are involved in the environment then environmental damage is not normal. Nuclear power plants or motor vehicles also cause the pollution by realizing hazardous gases (Gurjar, Molina, & Ojha, 2010). In this paper, causes of pollution issues and their prevention is reported.
There are many pollution issues which affects the living organism due to the carelessness of a human being and also by the natural disaster. Environmental degradation, human health, global warming, Infertile land and Ozone layer depletion are the main issues which is caused by the pollution. Increasing CO2 in the environment leads to smog which reduces the sunlight. There are many gases which affects the environment like Nitrogen oxide and Sulfur dioxide cause the acid rain. Disposing of waste into the water cause the water pollution. The result of disposing of waste in the environment is the death of the million people or the wildlife species as well as it also effects the human health. With increase the air pollution, human being suffers from the respiratory problems such as asthma, and lung cancer. Due to water pollution, human being suffers from the skin problems like skin rashes and irritation. Hearing loss, sleep disturbance and stress is caused by the noise pollution. By cutting the tree every day to make the new homes and by setting up the industries increase the greenhouse gases (Ma, Ding, Wei, Zhao, & Huang, 2009). By developing the technology, vehicles on roads are increases day by day with increases the air pollution which melting the ice caps. Melting ice caps increases the level of sea which is dangerous for the people living near the areas (Seinfeld, & Pandis, 2016).
Types of Pollution
By continuous using of the pesticide and insecticides, a soil may become infertile from which plants cannot grow properly. The ozone layer is the shield in the sky which restrict ultraviolet rays for reaching the earth. Chemicals contributed to the depletion of ozone layer like CFCs. India is the most polluted country in the world. Water pollution mainly caused in industrial areas and agriculture lands by discharging the waste into the rivers and lakes. Water pollution issues is increases in the high level of scale from which million people are dying because of unsafe water. Almost 80% percent of rivers, lakes and seas are polluted (Schwarzenbach, Egli, Hofstetter, Von Gunten, & Wehrli, 2010). Industries leave greenhouse gas which caused the water pollution and air pollution. Air pollution caused by specific areas these are Industries and mining operations. 50% of air pollution issues come from the automobiles. Mining is a process in which large type of equipment is used which released chemicals and powders in the air (Nielsen, et al., 2012). Noise pollution comes from the industrial or agriculture area. From noise pollution, 360 million people have disabling hearing loss speecially 12-15% employee face this problem.
Water quality index is a number which expresses the quality of water at a certain time based on water quality. Water quality index included six variables such as dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, pH, and nitrogen. 59.11 was an average rate and it was a lower rate as compared to other years. In 2014, 77.57 was observed as the maximum rate of water quality as compare to last years. The quality of water change by two ways direct and indirect pollution (Hounslow, 2018).
From releasing fluid or toxic solid mixed directly into the river or sea. Due to this, water is converted into the poison for aquatic creatures. It also affects the animals, and humans by drinking this type of water. There is also a risk for those who swim or participate in the activities of swimming which cause illness or death in extreme cases. It increases due to direct pollution. Direct pollution can affect the living style of the people due to increasing global warming (Zivin, & Neidell, 2012).
Indirectly introducing contaminated particles into water is called indirect pollution. Chemicals of pesticides or fertilizers are slowly mix in the soil from which it goes into the groundwater and then into the various watercourses. Acid rain caused by the air pollution which is harmful to the wildlife, humans health and buildings (Falchi, Cinzano, Elvidge, Keith, & Haim, 2011).
Issues Caused by Pollution
Air pollution is the dangerous form of pollution. It occurs when gases or substances enter into the environment. It is harmful for the human health like allergies and also it has a risk of death. Air pollution caused by the many reasons such as burning of fossil fuels, agricultural activities, mining operations and others.
Fossil fuels mean coal, petroleum, and others. Air pollution cause by these fossil fuels. Vehicles like Trucks, cars, jeeps, and trains fulfill the basic needs of our life but these cause the pollution in the environment. Carbon monoxide is a improper combustion and it is generally caused by the vehicles (Ma, et al., 2010).
Ammonia is used in the agriculture activities and it is the most harmful gases in the atmosphere. Use of insecticides and pesticides are also harmful to the environment and the land.
Harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, organic compounds, and chemicals are released in the large amount by the manufacturing industries. Nowadays, Industries are found at every place of the world. Specially refinery industries affects the environment by release hydrocarbons and various other chemicals which cause the air pollution (Lave, & Seskin, 2013).
Mining is the process of extracting the minerals which release the dust and chemicals in the air. This is one of the reasons that the mining industries are responsible for the air pollution.
Household cleaning products, Painting supplies emit toxic chemicals in the air. Painting walls also contribute in spreding the air pollution because it includes the chemicals which are harmful to the environment (Lelieveld, Evans, Fnais, Giannadaki, & Pozzer, 2015).
Chemicals are entere into the water is called water pollution. It is caused by the human activities and natural disaster. Water is important for the domestic purpose and also for the industries. There are the many reasons which cause the water pollution such as Industrial waste, sewage and wastewater and others.
Industries produce the product by using toxic chemicals which is harmful to a human being and the environment. The chemicals contain lead, asbestos, sulfur and mercury and many industries do not have a waste management system that is why they dispose the waste into the river. These chemicals cause the water pollution and also they have the capacity to change the color and temperature of the water
Wastewater is produced by the household sector which released into the sea with fresh water. There is the sewer in the cities which cause the water pollution in the country.
Causes of Pollution
Every house throw the waste material such as paper aluminum, glass, food, and rubber into the sea. These items take time to decompose around 209 years which is harmful for the human being and also for the animals.
Oil spill pose is a huge problem when a large amount of oil enter into the sea and it does not mix with the water. It creates the problem for local marine wildlife these are birds, sea, and fish.
Fossil fuels also cause the water pollution. Coal and oil produce the substantial amount of ash in the environment. When the particles mix with the water vapor then the result is acid rain.
Underground water can pollute by leaking landfill. Landliff contains a huge amount of garbage which produces smell and pollution.
The excessive amount of sound in the atmosphere causes the noise pollution. The Unpleasant sound is produces which is unnatural. Vehicles horn, electrical appliances cause the noise pollution in the environment. There are many reasons which cause the noise pollution such as industrialization, poor urban planning, and others.
Industrial area is the reason of the noise pollution because machines produce the sounds. In Industries, miles and factories used machines which produces the sound. It also damages the hearing ability of the people who work or live near the manufacturing industries. It is necessary for the worker to wear earplugs or cover them to prevent the loud noise.
Tube wells, power saw, thrashers, and harvesters are the cause of noise pollution . The range of the sound is around 90dB to 98dB in an agricultural area according to the records. Agriculture machinery produces the high intensity of sound which causes the hearing problem (Hammer, Swinburn, & Neitzel, 2014).
Household is also a major cause of noise pollution. From the common use, the household gadget is used such as mixer-grinders, air conditioners, vaccum cleaners, washing machines and pressure cookers. Electrical houses are also used as musical instruments, TVs, radio, and telephones. These instruments can be very noisy which can create a disturbance for everyone. Apart from all these things banging on doors, moving furniture, house renovations and playing of children are also a part of creating the pollution.
Pollution is increasing with increasing automobiles. Increasing traffic cause the traffic jam and traffic produce the noise. The intensity of pollution is high because of widespread vehicular noise pollution. Airplanes, helicopter, and jets also create the sound. Metropolitian area has a high level of pollution.
Prevention of Pollution
Public addressing is also an issue for the noise pollution. In some countries, using the loudspeaker is banned they use for the special reason like ceremonies, religious functions and other. The alarm system also causes the unpleasant sound which affects the other activities.
There are many social events such as parties, gigs, worship places and discos in which loudspeaker is used. Normal activities of the people is affected by the unpleasant sound like conversation, sleeping, and others.
These are the causes of the pollution issues which is harmful to everyone. Pollution is a major problem it is necessary to control it (Maisonneuve, Stevens, Niessen, Hanappe, & Steels, 2009)
It is necessary to control the pollution for the environment protection. Pollution has various forms which caused by many reasons. Everyone is contributed to spreading the pollution. Environment protection is necessary for the future resources and for the better environment. With the help of the technology pollution can be controlled. There are many new technologies which are introducing to help in reducing the population. By following the controller process like sensor and meter making the manufacturing process effectively or less polluted the environment by decrease the waste (Cooper, & Alley, 2010). By converting the engine exhaust system and smokestacks reduce the air pollution. Recycling is also a method to prevent the pollution. Recycling the old material to convert them into new material. Plastic bags, glass, and wood fibers are the material which can easily recycle and use as a new material. This method is beneficial for the globe and starts reducing the pollution. A tea bag is introduced for cleaning the water by destroying the bacteria (Viessman, Hammer, Perez, & Chadik, 2009). Installation of air purifier in the car reduce the pollution. Air purifying bulb also emit the pollutant from the air. Fabric fibers also a method to remove the dust from the gases (Lee, Speight, & Loyalka, 2014). They also remove the acidic gases from the air. Incineration is the way to convert the VOC into the carbon dioxide. Carbon can be stored in the ground by using the pumping into the geological layers. By using these types of technology remove the pollution from the atmosphere (Wu, Mohammad, Jahim, & Anuar, 2010). It can also remove with the help of human efforts or awareness. People should also aware for the pollution by avoiding the plastic bags. People should walk or using cycles instead of using scooters or cars at a certain limit. These are the ways in which pollution can remove with the help of technology (Kadlec, et al., 2017).
Conclusion
Introducing contaminated particles into the atmosphere is called pollution. Quality of the water change due to the pollution. There are various forms of pollution such as noise pollution, water pollution, air pollution and others. It has various causes like manufacturing industries, agriculture machinery, plastic bags and many more causes. Due to the pollution, many issues arise which can affect aquatic creatures, humans, and animals. There are various treatments to reduce the pollution with the help of technologies like bulbs and air purifiers. Thus, necessary changes or strategies should be implemented to resolve caused by the harmful effluents from industries.
References
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