Literature Review
Discuss about the Leadership Lesson from Manage Multinational Project.
Most of the contemporary business organizations are more likely to expand across the national boundaries. However, global expansion is creating numerous challenges for the managers to manage their global teams (Jarzabkowski, Bednarek and Cabantous 2015). The work teams of a single business organization are actually located different locations of international countries. It is actually creating differences in the language, culture, time zone, understanding and business methods. It turns the business into a complex business process and necessitates preparing the work teams for dealing with such complexities (Collings 2014). The managers also face the issues of managing different time zones in taking synchronous decision with global teams across national boundaries. This research proposal will be dealing with the challenges in managing global team. The proposal will establish proper research objectives, questions and methods for collecting authentic information regarding the research topic.
- To assess the needs of global teams in contemporary business organization
- To identify the challenges in managing the global team
- To suggest the best ways of managing the global team
The scope of this project proposal has huge scope in facilitating the further researches. Moreover, this proposal will incorporate huge information regarding the challenges in managing the global teams. Hence, it can act as an effective secondary source to the further researchers to conduct their researches on similar types of research topic. Furthermore, it can also help the contemporary global business organizations to recognize the issues in managing their global teams. Apart from that, the suggestions of global team management can also facilitate the global organizations to manage their global teams successfully.
Globalization helps business organizations to expand across the national boundaries. It is mainly associated with expansion of market of the organizations. According to Caligiuri and Bonache (2016), the process of globalization leads to business innovation and increased business performance and facilitates the organizations to excel in the industry at global level. The global teams having different geographical and cultural backgrounds can apply diverse knowledge and expertise in fostering business innovation. On other hand, Jeske and Axtell (2016) opined that globalization assists the business organizations to get access to huge consumer group that actually enhances increases the overall sales volume of the organizations. The contemporary business organizations are more likely to expand in global markets for enjoying the technical acumen of the work teams dispersed across the national boundaries.
Globalization has brought about new reality into the corporate world. It has brought about several challenges in managing the global team across national boundaries (Lohikoski et al. 2015). Globalization brings the challenges of lack of clarity in communication among the global team members. Morgan, Paucar-Caceres and Wright (2014) pointed out that the differences in the native language of the global team members dispersed across different geographical locations lead to the challenges of communication. The issues of communication often results in misunderstanding among the global team members leading to distortion of actual business messages. On the other hand, Asgary and Thamhain (2016) opined that the managers of global businesses often face cultural issues in managing the global team members. Moreover, different culture of global team leads to different programming done in mind that makes one employee different from other. Differences in culture of global team result in differences in thinking, perception, assumptions and interpretation (Saafein and Shaykhian 2014). In this way, global teams are more likely to make conflict with other.
Research Questions
The managers of global organizations face the extreme challenges of different time zone to manage the global teams. According to Wei, Thurasamy and Popa (2018), the global team members working across different geographical locations and having different time zones get limited time to communicate and contract with each other. It actually hampers the success of critical projects, where the time plays the most important factor in business success. On the other hand, Lockwood (2015) opined that the managers of global business organizations often face the issue of maintaining the ethics and values among the global team members. It can ultimately hamper the sustainability of the organizations in its long run business operation.
The managers of global business organizations must have intercultural competence for meeting the challenges of cultural issues among the global work team. The managers must have to understand and analyze the differences in the cultures of the global team members and adapt effective leadership style for bringing uniform cultures them. On the other hand, El-Sofany, Alwadani and Alwadani (2014) stated that the managers should use advent technology for delivering timely messages to the global team members having different time zones. It will lead to synchronous ways of taking prompt decision making across global boundaries. Moreover, the timing of communicating important message related to business across the global teams plays the most significant factor in resolving the issue of tome zone.
Dingsoyr and Smite (2014) pointed out that the managers of global business organizations must initiate diversity mentoring program for resolving the cultural issues. Such programs will enhance the cultural understanding among the employees dispersed across national boundaries. Hence, the global team members will definitely start respecting each other through valuing others’ culture. Furthermore, Baruch, Altman and Tung (2016) mentioned that the managers should organize the global talents strategically for better managing and utilizing the global team members. The scope of using own expertise on the assigned job roles with keep the global team members engaged with their job roles. In this way, the managers can better manage the global team members and manage their overall towards leading organizational success.
The summary of literature review is indicating that there are certain areas, which are still uncovered in the literature review. There is lack of proper evidences, which can support the research topic. In this context, the literature gap and literature problem denote lack of adequate information that can reduce the quality of ultimate research outcome. However, the empirical evidence and in-depth research can lead to gap opportunity to enhance the overall quality of ultimate research outcome.
- To identify the challenges in managing the global team in contemporary global business organizations
Methodologies
This research question serves the main purpose of conducting the research. It will extract the core information associated with the research topic. Moreover, it will actually explore the main challenges associated with managing the global team. In this way, this research question will directly serve to the main purpose of the overall research.
- To assess the needs of global teams in contemporary business organization
This research question is actually associated with the background of the research topic. The information collected from this research question will serve to the context of the overall research. Such information will also enhance the authenticity of the research result. Moreover, this research question is extremely important for enhancing the quality of overall research outcome.
- To suggest the best ways of managing the global team in contemporary global business organizations
This research question has actually designed for resolving the main issues of the research. It will gather the information associated with the managing the global team across the national boundaries. In this way, this research question will serve to the actual purpose of conducting the research
- Recognizing the Research Problem
- Conducting Literature Review
- Data Collection Process
- Data Analysis and Data Interpretation
- Assessment of Quality of Collected Data
- Research Reporting
Reliability is the overall consistency of a measurement procedure that is mostly used in data collection process. It is the quality of a measurement procedure towards assessing the consistency of collected data (Lewis 2015). Moreover, a measure will be reliable, when it will provide consistent results repeatedly. In this research paper, inter rated reliability approach will be applied for measuring the consistency of the data collected from the respondents. On the other hand, validity assesses the accuracy and solidity of the research results. Moreover, it assesses the logical and factual soundness of the data collected from the respondents. In this extent, this research paper will use internal validity approach to measure the accuracy of collected data. This validity approach actually facilitates to avoid the confusing independent variable in the research for reaching at most authentic research result.
Sampling is the statistical practice, which is concerned with collection of individual observation or respondents for collecting relevant information regarding the research topic (Choy 2014). It highly focuses on selecting the right individuals and observations for collecting most important and relevant research information. In this research paper, simple random sampling technique will be selected for collecting authentic research information. In this sampling technique, each respondent is given equal chance of being involved in the data collected process. Apart from that, in simple random sampling technique, the selected sample or respondents are gathered as per their convenience level. It facilitates in gathering most authentic data from the selected respondents in most effective way.
Sampling and Data Collection
In this research paper, 5 managers of global business organizations of Australia will be selected for collecting qualitative research information.
Data collection is the method of collecting most important data from the selected respondents. It is the most significant method of gathering the relevant research information (Dumay and Cai 2015). In this research paper, both primary as well as secondary sources will be used for gathering relevant and in-depth information regarding the topic of the research. In case of secondary sources, the research paper will use authentic journals, books and websites for collecting authentic secondary information. In primary method, both qualitative as well as quantitative technique will be applied to collect information from the primary sources. Qualitative technique is actually used for collecting descriptive information concern the topic of the research. In this qualitative research, the interview process will be arranged with the managers of global business organizations of Australia. Such interview will help in assessing the core organizational specific information regarding the research topic.
Independent Variable: Communication and Cultural Issue among Global Work Team
Dependent Variable: Ineffective Global Team Management
- Framing Effective Research Question
- Determination of Key Ideas
- Selection of Appropriate Research Method
- Selection of Research Framework
- Adapting Audience
- Research Design
- Analysis of Collected data
- Research Reporting
Research instruments are the techniques and methods for gathering most applicable and helpful information about the research topic. There are several research instruments in research to collect most useful research information (McCusker and Gunaydin 2015). These research instruments are like survey, focus group, case study method and interview. In case of quantitative data collection, this research paper will use survey method for collecting primary information regarding the topic of the research. In survey method, the research paper will arrange structured set of questionnaires, which will be ultimately distributed among the selected employees of the global work team of certain global companies. Such global work team will be requested to respond to the structured questions of the questionnaires from their own opinion.
Data analysis is the most important method of evaluating the actual meaning of collected data and its authenticity. It converts the general information into specific information for reaching at high quality research outcome (Fletcher 2017). In this research paper, SPSS technique will be used for analyzing the information that will be collected from the selected respondents. The research study will also use chi-square technique for analyzing and extracting the actual purpose of the collected data. This test is actually applied for assessing the fit between the collected data and the expected theoretical data. The test can also evaluate the independence of two categorical variables and their relationship with each other. Hence, this data analysis technique can best be applied in reaching at most authentic research result.
Sampling is the statistical procedure, which is concerned with selection of individual observation or respondents for collecting relevant information regarding the research topic (Vamsi Krishna Jasti and Kodali 2014). In case of quantitative research design, the research paper will use simple random sampling technique to collect most useful information about research variables. In this sampling technique, each participant will get equal opportunity of being involved in the process of data collection. Furthermore, the chosen respondents will be arranged at their convenient place for efficiently collecting the data from them. In quantitative research design, 100 global employees of certain global organizations in Australia will be selected for collecting relevant research information.
Questionnaire design is the process applied in designing the structured questionnaires, which are to be distributed among the selected employees of global business organizations of Australia. The survey questionnaires of this study will be consisted of all open ended questions. In such questionnaires, the selected respondents will be asked to respond to the questions by saying only “yes” or “No”.
Reliability evaluates the consistency of the data collected from the respondents. Moreover, it is the quality of a measurement procedure towards assessing the consistency of collected data (Guest et al. 2017). This research paper will use internal reliability to evaluate the reliability level of the collected data. On the other hand, validity implies the exact and precise results of the data collected from the selected respondents. Valid data and information can be generalized to other settings equally. This research study will use convergent validity to evaluate the accuracy of the collected data through correlating the data with other variables.
Every scholarly research can have certain limitations, which can actually hinder the overall quality of the ultimate research result. Similarly, this research study can also face certain research limitations that can reduce the quality of ultimate research outcome. This research paper may face the issues of time limitation. Moreover, due to time limitation, it may not be achievable to gather more numbers of research participants. Hence, it can limit the collection of more authentic primary data from the respondents. Furthermore, the research paper may also face the limitations of budget constraints. Due to budget constraints, it may not be possible to get access to authentic secondary sources to collect secondary information regarding the research topic.
Figure 1: Time Schedule
(Source: Created by Author)
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be summarized that globalization facilitates in expansion of business. However, managing global work team is quite challenging for the managers in global business organizations. Moreover, the differences in the culture of the global team lead to cultural clashes among them. On the other hand, the different time zone of the global team members results in asynchronous organizational decision making among the global teams. Hence, the managers of global business organizations must have intercultural competence for managing global team.
Reference List
Asgary, N. and Thamhain, H., 2016. Leadership Lessons from Managing Multinational Project Teams. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13(02), p.1650007.
Baruch, Y., Altman, Y. and Tung, R.L., 2016. Career mobility in a global era: Advances in managing expatriation and repatriation. The Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), pp.841-889.
Caligiuri, P. and Bonache, J., 2016. Evolving and enduring challenges in global mobility. Journal of World Business, 51(1), pp.127-141.
Choy, L.T., 2014. The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(4), pp.99-104.
Collings, D.G., 2014. Integrating global mobility and global talent management: Exploring the challenges and strategic opportunities. Journal of World Business, 49(2), pp.253-261.
Dingsoyr, T. and Smite, D., 2014. Managing knowledge in global software development projects. IT Professional, 16(1), pp.22-29.
Dumay, J. and Cai, L., 2015. Using content analysis as a research methodology for investigating intellectual capital disclosure: a critique. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 16(1), pp.121-155.
El-Sofany, H.F., Alwadani, H.M. and Alwadani, A., 2014. Managing virtual team work in IT projects: Survey. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC), 7(4), pp.28-33.
Fletcher, A.J., 2017. Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(2), pp.181-194.
Guest, G., Namey, E., Taylor, J., Eley, N. and McKenna, K., 2017. Comparing focus groups and individual interviews: findings from a randomized study. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 20(6), pp.693-708.
Jarzabkowski, P., Bednarek, R. and Cabantous, L., 2015. Conducting global team-based ethnography: Methodological challenges and practical methods. Human Relations, 68(1), pp.3-33.
Jeske, D. and Axtell, C.M., 2016. Going global in small steps: E-internships in SMEs. Organizational Dynamics, 45(1), pp.55-63.
Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), pp.473-475.
Lockwood, J., 2015. Virtual team management: what is causing communication breakdown?. Language and Intercultural Communication, 15(1), pp.125-140.
Lohikoski, P., Kujala, J., Haapasalo, H., Härkönen, J. and Ala-Mursula, L., 2015. Managing barriers of virtual communication in global new product development projects. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 15(4), pp.277-298.
McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S., 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research. Perfusion, 30(7), pp.537-542.
Morgan, L., Paucar-Caceres, A. and Wright, G., 2014. Leading effective global virtual teams: The consequences of methods of communication. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 27(6), pp.607-624.
Saafein, O. and Shaykhian, G.A., 2014. Factors affecting virtual team performance in telecommunication support environment. Telematics and Informatics, 31(3), pp.459-462.
Vamsi Krishna Jasti, N. and Kodali, R., 2014. A literature review of empirical research methodology in lean manufacturing. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(8), pp.1080-1122.
Wei, L.H., Thurasamy, R. and Popa, S., 2018. Managing virtual teams for open innovation in Global Business Services industry. Management Decision, 56(3), pp.570-590.
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