Characteristics And Management Roles In Hospitality Industry

Part A: Characteristics of hospitality industry sectors and the interrelationships of functions within them

Accommodation:

Hotel Sofitel Wellington: 11 Bolton Street, 6011 Wellington

• Telephone: +6444722001 (sofitel-wellington.com, 2018)
• Email: [email protected]

Sofitel Wellington is a luxurious accommodation hotel which is inspired by the amalgamation of the local culture and the French art de vivre.

It provides luxurious accommodation in well decorated suites and guest rooms with luxurious and flamboyant decorations featuring gold and bronze tones.

Facilities:

• Luxury Accommodation
• Dining
• Sunday Brunch.

Services:

• Special themed cake for special occasions
• French culinary
• French themed conference rooms and event management
• WIFI and centralized air-conditioning.

Geographic Segmentation: It is located close to the main attractions and market of Wellington. Moreover, its quick access to nearby amenities draws customers who are frequent travellers either for business or for holidays.

Demographic Segmentation: Hotel Sofitel Wellington targets the customers who belong to the relatively upper class of the society. They draw customers who are inclined towards luxurious lifestyle and are ready to bear high expenses for the best quality living.

Psychographic Segmentation: Hotel Sofitel appeals to the upper class of the society who might believe in maintaining their class hierarchy by spending in accommodation in luxurious suites and the finest services.

• Business travellers
• Tourists
• Travellers in the age group of 30 to 60
• Travellers belonging to the upper class of the society

VR Queen Street Auckland: 401 Queen Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.

• Telephone: +6492220199 (vrhotels.co.nz, 2018)
• Email: [email protected]

VR Queen Street is a 5 star hotel, on Queen Street, which is well decorated with contemporary styling and well equipped modern rooms.

The hotel provides superior accommodation in one Auckland’s best location, at an affordable price.

Facilities:

• 80 world class rooms, starting from Queen room, Deluxe King Room, Premiere King Suite and other luxurious one and two bedrooms.
• The hotel also has a sophisticated restaurant for catering to the taste buds of the guests.

Services:

• Modern Bathroom
• Centralized air-conditioning
• Complimentary WIFI service.

Geographic Segmentation: VR Queen Street is located close to the main attractions and market of Auckland. Moreover, its quick access to nearby amenities such as airport and railway station draws customers who are frequent travellers either for business or for holidays.

Demographic Segmentation: Hotel VR Queen Street targets the customers who belong to the relatively upper class of the society. They draw customers who are inclined towards luxurious lifestyle and are ready to bear high expenses for the best quality living.

Psychographic Segmentation: Hotel VR Queen Street appeals to the upper class of the society who might believe in maintaining their class hierarchy by spending in accommodation in 5-star suites and the finest services.

• High class business travellers
• Families spending holidays
• Customers belonging to the age group 30 to 60

City Lodge Auckland: 150 Vincent Street, Auckland City

• Telephone: 093796183
• Email: [email protected]

City Lodge Auckland is the city’s one of the best backpacker hotels providing budget accommodation for travellers. (citylodge.co.nz, 2018)

Facilities:

• The City Lodge provides backpacker themed rooms for the comfort of the backpackers who love to travel and seek adventure. It has changed the concept of backpackers stay from dirty dormitories and hostel rooms to comfortable rooms with modern facilities at an affordable price.

Services:

• The City Lodge arranges variety of local tours and organises adventures for the travelling backpackers.
• Complementary snacks
• Private bathrooms
• Electric heaters for the convenience of the travellers.

Geographic Segmentation: City Lodge Auckland is located close to the main attractions and market of Auckland. Moreover, its quick access to nearby amenities such as airport and railway station draws customers who are frequent travellers and backpackers for holidays.

Demographic Segmentation: City Lodge Auckland targets the customers who belong to the relatively middle class of the society. They draw customers who are inclined towards adventurous lifestyle and search for affordable accommodation to sustain their travels and adventure. The main customer base comprises of amateur travellers or travel bloggers.

Psychographic Segmentation: City Lodge Auckland appeals to the middle class tourists and backpackers of the society who might believe in a suitable accommodation in an affordable range. The different tour packages offered by the hotel are suitable for the hassle free arrangements for the adventure loving travellers. The customers believe in travels more than expensive accommodation.

• Backpackers
• Adventure travellers
• Travellers belonging to the age group 20 to 50
• Travellers who seek cheap accommodation to sustain travel expenses

Oaktree Motel: 104 Great South Road, Epsom Auckland 1051.

• Telephone: +6495242211 (oaktree.co.nz, 2018)

Task 1: Information packs for each sector including Accommodation, Restaurant, Café and Bars, Travel and Tourism, and Events and Conventions

Oak Tree Motel is a 4 star executive hotel who offer a comfortable night’s stay for travellers and corporates.

Facilities:

• Oak Tree Motel provides a number of accommodation options for travellers according to their taste.
• These rooms are accompanied by a kitchenette and various other required amenities for the use of the guests.

Services:

• The Oak Tree Motel offers free parking
• Disabled Access Rooms
• Dry Cleaning Service
• Free internet access
• Guest Laundry.

Geographic Segmentation: Oak Tree Motel is located close to the main attractions and market of Auckland. Moreover, its quick access to nearby amenities such as airport and railway station draws customers who are frequent travellers either for business or for holidays.

Demographic Segmentation: Oak Tree Motel targets the customers who belong to the relatively upper class of the society. They draw customers who are inclined towards luxurious lifestyle and are ready to bear high expenses for the best quality living.

Psychographic Segmentation: Oak Tree Motel appeals to the upper class of the society who might believe in maintaining their class hierarchy by spending in accommodation in 4-star suites and the finest services. Moreover, the motel outlook of the hotel gives a feeling of adventurous road side stay which can appeal to the adventure loving travellers.

Customer Groups:

• Business travellers
• Holiday Tourists
• Travellers belonging to the age group 30 to 60
• Travellers who love expensive accommodation
• Travellers belonging to the upper class society

Rayland Epsom Motel: 98, Great South Road, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand

• Telephone: +64 9 520 0330 (raylandepsom.co.nz/, 2018)
• Email: [email protected]

Located close to Auckland’s New Market area and other convenient locations, Rayland Epsom is a traveller’s delight.

Facilities:

• 16 comfortable rooms for catering to every customer’s comfort.
• Additional free parking
• Air conditioning and heat pumps

Services:

• High speed internet
• Laundry services
• Complimentary tea and coffee.

Geographic Segmentation: Rayland Epsom Motel is located close to the main attractions and market of Auckland. Moreover, its quick access to nearby amenities such as airport and railway station draws customers who are frequent travellers either for business or for holidays.

Demographic Segmentation: Rayland Epsom Motel targets the customers belonging to all classes of the society. They draw customers who are inclined towards a comfortable lifestyle and seek a peaceful place as their resting place

Psychographic Segmentation: Rayland Epsom Motel appeals to the travellers or corporates who believe in comfortable and relaxing stay. Moreover, the motel outlook of the hotel gives a feeling of adventurous road side stay which can appeal to the adventure loving travellers.

Customer Groups:

• Low budget travellers
• Travellers belonging to the age group 20 to 40
• Travellers who love to spend family holidays

The General Manager is highest level executive in an accommodation hospitality. The responsibility of a general manager is to maintain the daily activities of the hotel and to look after the supervision of the functioning of the different departments such as laundry, housekeeping and food and beverage.

The second level of management staffs are known as Assistant Managers. The Food and Beverage Manager and the House Manager belong to this category. They are directly under the General Manager and helps him/her as the support for supervision of their respective divisions. The responsibilities of the assistant managers include communication of management decisions to the other staff. Moreover, allocation of tasks, managing work schedules and maintenance of the hotel operations are the other prime responsibilities of the assistant managers.

The third level of staffs are the operational staffs who work in the different departments of the hotel. They carry out the tasks set by the assistant managers and maintain the different departments such as the restaurant and the housekeeping.

The French Café: 210 Symonds Street, Auckland

• Telephone: +6493771911 (thefrenchcafe.co.nz, 2018)

The French Café is one of the world’s top 10 restaurants. The excellent cuisine and service, has made The French Café achieve several international awards.

Part B: Management roles

Facilities:

• The French Café provides an assorted of mouth-watering international cuisine. Its holistic approach towards the food makes the experience world class.

Services:

• The world class foods, with a variety of options. The restaurant also offers private dining. A huge choice list of the best wines from all over the world.

Target market and Customer Group:

• Customers who like French cuisine
• Customers who prefer fine dining
• They love to have great family time in a good restaurant
• They have a taste for good wine
• Those who love to travel
• Those who love to spend a little extra to taste the best quality food

The Verona Café: 169 Karangahape Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand

• Telephone: +64 9-307 0508 (nzherald.co.nz, 2015)

The Verona Café is a renowned café and bar that provides guests comfortable and cosy time for a daytime or evening snacks.

Facilities:

• Breakfast
• Takeaway Available
• Full Bar Available
• Shared Plates
• Serves Cocktails
• Kid Friendly
• Pet Friendly
• Gluten Free Options
• Live Entertainment
• Outdoor Seating
• Craft Beer
• Available for Functions
• Smoking Area
• Wi-Fi
• Brunch
• Vegan Options
• Nightlife
• Vegetarian Friendly
• Live Music

Target Market and Customer Group:

• People in the age group of 20 to 50
• Customers who like international cuisine
• Customers who prefer fine dining
• They love to have great family time in a good restaurant
• They have a taste for good wine
• Those who love to travel
• Those who love to spend a little extra to taste the best quality food

Family Bar and Club: 270 Karangahape Rd, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand

• Telephone: +64 9-309 0213

Family Bar and Club is one of the most famous gay bars in Auckland which is quite successful in providing an eventful nightlife for its guests with drag shows and karaoke besides the good food and drinks.

Facilities:

• Bar
• Restaurant
• Pool tables.

Services:

• Karaoke
• Live music
• DJ

Target market and customer group:

• LGBTQ community
• People who love to interact with others
• People who love to spend a colourful life
• People who love to enjoy in a community
• People belonging to the age group 20 to 40
• People who love partying and live music
• People who love good food
• People who love good drinks

Mehfil Indian Restaurant: 97 Tamaki Drive, Mission Bay, Auckland, New Zealand.

• Telephone: 578 1111 (mehfil.nz, 2018)
• Email: [email protected]

Mehfil India Restaurant is dedicated to creating a mouth-watering experience for its customers by catering them with the best experience of the finest Indian cuisine in a fine dining atmosphere. The professional touch of spices and Indian ingredients give the customers a unique experience.

Facilities:

• Lunch
• Dinner
• Dine-in
•  

Services:

• Reservation of tables in advance.

Target market and customer group:

• People who love to taste authentic Indian food.
• People who have a taste for fine dining
• Indian travellers and Indian origin people
• People who love to eat outside
• People who love to spend a comfortable family dinner

Satya South Indian Restaurant: 515 Sandringham Rd, Sandringham, Auckland City

       271 Karangahape Rd, Auckland Central, Auckland City

• Telephone: 09-845 8451, 09-377 0007 (satya.co.nz, 2018)
• Website: https://satya.co.nz/

Satya South Indian Restaurant is a chai lounge themed restaurant which specialises in serving Indian street food delicacies. However, it also specializes in cocktails and an assorted range of craft beers.

Facilities:

• Lunch
• Dinner
• Dine-in
•  

Services:

• Advance table booking
• Special samosas for takeaway only.

Target market and customer group:

• People who love to taste authentic Indian food
• People who love the spicy taste of Indian street food
• People who have a taste for fine dining
• Indian travellers and Indian origin people
• People who love to eat outside
• People who love to spend a comfortable family dinner

The owner is the highest level of the organizational structure in the restaurant sector. The main job of the owner is to look after the restaurant and how efficiently it is running. His responsibilities include tracking of the profits and development of the restaurant. He has to supervise the General Manager and take feedbacks in order to smoothly run the restaurant.

The General Manager is the highest level executive of a restaurant after the owner whose job includes the overall management of the restaurant. The responsibility of a general manager is to maintain the daily activities of the restaurant and to look after the supervision of the functioning of the different departments such as the kitchen, bar and the guest floor.

The third level of executives include the Floor Manager, Bar Manager and the Kitchen Manager. The responsibility of these managers is to report to the general manager the daily activities in the different sectors. The Floor manager looks after the different tasks that need to be undertaken on the guest floor and to supervise the proper running of the floor, which includes attending the guests and co-ordinate the hosts and servers accordingly. The Bar Manager looks after the supervision of the bar and keep track of the orders and stock of the bar. The Kitchen manager looks after the proper running of the kitchen and maintains the stock of the raw materials required and also keeps record of the orders coming in and going out.

The fourth level of executives include the Head Server, Lead Bartender, and the Executive Chef who reports to their respective departmental managers. They are the leads of the departmental operational staffs and supervise the operational activities to run in a smooth manner.

Task 2: List management roles within each sector

The final level of staffs include the operational staffs who carry out the orders of the departmental heads and operate on the floor to cater to the needs of the guests and provide service to them.

Matamata:

It is a beautiful tourist destination at the base if the beautiful Kaimai ranges in Waikato, New Zealand. It was used as the set of the Hobbit movies in the Lord of the Rings series and its scenic beauty which appealed to the viewers all over the world has been attracting tourists in large numbers.

Famous attractions:

• Thoroughbred horse farms
• Dairy farms
• Firth Tower Museum
• Wairere Falls. (matamatanz.co.nz, 2018)

Other attractions:

• Beautiful and scenic walking destinations
• The Hobbit movie sets which are open for tourist visits.

Services:

• Huge number of restaurants and accommodation options
• Golf courses.

Target market and customer group:

• People who love to travel
• People who love exotic natural destinations
• People who love hiking and natural trekking
• People who love the Lord of the Rings and seek to explore the fantastic sets
• People who relish to enjoy holidays in peace and silence of nature.
• People who admire natural beauty

One of the best tourist attractions in the Coromandel, it is accessible only on foot, boat or kayak. There are scenic tracks which can be walked through and the scenic beauty of the place is a unique experience altogether.

Famous attractions:

• Cathedral Cove
• Gemstone Bay
• Mares Leg
• Te-Whanganui-a-Hei Marine Reserve. (thecoromandel.com, 2018)

Services:

• Diving
• Snorkelling
• Boat tours
• Kayaking
• Cathedral Cove car parking.

Target market and customer group:

• People who love to travel
• People who love exotic natural destinations
• People who love hiking and natural trekking
• People who love the sea sides
• People who love water sports
• People who relish to enjoy holidays in peace and silence of nature.
• People who admire natural beauty

The highest level of executive is the Manager who looks after the supervision of the different departments of the sectors. His responsibility is to control and manage the responsibilities of the other sectors which are operating for the running on the tourism sector.

The second level of executives comprise of department departments who look after the running of the company. The marketing department comprises of executives who looks after the promotion and development of tour packages that attracts the tourists to the location. They look after developing comfortable ways so that the tourists enjoy their travel. The financial department maintains the accounts and records and keeps track of the profits and benefits of the company. The information technology department looks after developing modern systems that can help the travellers to easily access the executives or the amenities. The human resource department is responsible for the recruitment of the efficient employees so that they can serve the travellers and their needs efficiently.

The third level of staffs comprise of the tour operators who conduct the tours with the travellers. They are responsible for carrying out the operations of the tourism organization. They directly interact with the travellers and are responsible for their satisfaction during the tours.

ANZ Viaduct Events Centre: Level 2, ANZ Viaduct Events Centre, 161 Halsey Street,   Auckland, 1010.

• Telephone: +6493075498 (aucklandconventions.co.nz, 2018)

ANZ Viaduct Events Centre offers some of the world class event management venues in Auckland. The unique venues provide the best experience for any occasion. The dedicated event management team looks after the best possible ways to satisfy the clients’ need.

Facilities:

• 8 iconic venues
• Unique venues for different event types
• Event co-ordination
• Security
• Technical services
• Catering

Target market and customer group:

• People belonging to the upper middle class and middle class who are busy enough to organize their own events
• People who seek expert organizers to make the events memorable
• People who love to gift their family and friends a comfortable and luxurious event
• Government organisations who hold meetings and social events for a large number of people
• Government organisations who try to hold sumptuous functions for officials and employees
• Private organisations who hold business meetings and banquets.
• Private organisations who hold parties for employees regarding annual celebrations

Auckland Town Hall: 301 – 317 Queen Street, Auckland

• Telephone: 09 309 2677 (aucklandlive.co.nz, 2018)

Auckland Town Hall is a performance centre that organises different cultural performances such as concerts, dance shows, theatre shows and others.

Facilities:

9 iconic venues which has been the centre of cultural influence in Auckland for over a long time. These venues provide the best concert experience in Auckland and draws performers from all over the world.

Target market and customer group:

• Government organisations who hold functions and cultural events.
• Event organisers who arrange concerts and functions
• International performers who arrange concerts for the common people
• New artists who would like to showcase their talents and promote them in front of a large number of people.

The top executive of the event sector is the Advisor. The Advisor plans the events according to the requirements of the clients and forwards it to the other departments so that they can carry out the events properly. Moreover, it is the job of the advisor to oversee the progress of the events and look after the planning and development of the organization.

Task 3: Create a diagram for each sector showcasing career paths leading to identified management roles

The second group of executives consist of the different departments who are responsible for carrying out the different job responsibilities of the event management. The Chairman plays more of a managerial role who acts as the supervisor of the organisation and looks after the management of the organisation in general. The finance department loos after the accounts management of the organization. The sponsorship department is responsible for procuring funds via sponsors for the events. The marketing and promotion team looks after the promotional activities. The logistics department looks after the movement of materials required for the events. The food and beverage department looks after the catering service of the events.

Managerial Roles:

Accommodation:

• General Manager
• Housekeeping Manager
• Food Manager
• Restaurant Manager

Restaurant, Café and Bar:

• Owner
• General Manager
• Floor Manager
• Bar Manager
• Kitchen Manager

Travel and Tourism:

• Manager
• Marketing Manager
• Finance Manager
• Information Technology Manager
• Human Resource Manager

Events and Conventions:

• Advisor
• Chairman
• Event Manager
• Finance manager
• Sponsorship Manager
• Logistics Manager

Career Path:

Accommodation Sector:

Restaurant Sector:

Travel and Tourism Sector:

Event and Tourism Sector:

Advertisements:

Advertisement for the role of General Manager of accommodation sector:

Career Opportunity:

Job role: HOTEL GENERAL MANAGER

The position is available for the role of a general manager in a prominent 5-star hotel.

• The candidate requires to have a management background.
• Experience of managing hotels for at least ten years will be preferred.
• Should have excellent communication skills.
• Should be proficient in computer applications and MS Office
• Skilful in planning tasks and projects with high managerial skills.

Advertisement for the role of General Manager in the restaurant sector:

Career Opportunity:

Job role: RESTAURANT GENERAL MANAGER

The position is available for the role of a general manager in a prominent restaurant.

• The candidate requires to have a management background.
• Experience of managing restaurants for at least five to six years will be preferred.
• Should have excellent communication skills.
• Should be proficient in computer applications and MS Office
• Skilful in planning tasks and projects with high managerial skills.

Advertisement for the role of manager in the tourism sector:

Job Role: MANAGER OF TOURISM COMPANY

The position is available for the role of the manager in a prominent tourism company.

• The candidate requires to have a management background.
• Experience of managing in hospitality sector for at least three years will be preferred.
• Should have excellent communication skills.
• Should be proficient in computer applications and MS Office.
• Should be knowledgeable about popular tourist spots and tourism packages
• Skilful in planning tasks and projects with high managerial skills.

Advertisement for the role of an Event Manager in an Event Management organization:

Career Opportunity:

Job Role: EVENT MANAGER OF EVENT MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION

The position is available for the role of the event manager in an event management company.

• The candidate requires to have a management background.
• Experience of managing in hospitality sector for at least three years will be preferred.
• Should have excellent communication skills.
• Should be proficient in computer applications and MS Office.
• Should be knowledgeable about efficient event management systems.
• Should be creative and exclusive about management planning.
• Skilful in planning tasks and projects with high managerial skills.

All the four job advertisements mentioned in task 4 display the career opportunity for the role of a manager or a managerial executive in the four sectors, namely accommodation, restaurants, travel and tourism, and event management.

All the four sectors being part of the hospitality sector requires several similar requirements for their managers. The main similarity that can be observed in the four advertisement is that all of them desire the candidates to have a managerial background, that is, they might be a pass-out from a business school. These can provide them with the knowledge of the required managerial skills required for the job role (Brown, Arendt & Bosselman, 2014). The other similarity that can be identified in the advertisements is the requirement for experienced individuals. The companies prefer experienced individuals so that they can add their expertise to their job role and help the operational staff to perform better. Thirdly, the ability to use latest computer technology has also been focused in the four job advertisements. The present importance of using technology to develop the business has been highlighted in these job advertisements (Wu, Straub & Liang, 2015). Efficiency of using latest accounting software and efficiency to use official software like MS Office has been given the utmost priority in the selection of candidates. The fourth similarity that has been highlighted in the four advertisements is the requirement for efficient communication skills. Communication skills are very important in today’s business operations as the manager should be clear to explain his messages to his sub-ordinates (Ahsan, Ho & Khan, 2013). Presentation of ideas in clear and straight forward manner can help the operational staff to carry out their duties with perfection without having any ambiguity about the tasks set in front of them.

Task 4: Choose a relevant management role for each sector and provide examples of job advertisements/descriptions

However, in these job advertisements there can be improvements which can highlight the main aspects of the job roles to the candidates. Candidates who are proper for the job role with the right skill sets can then be easily sorted and they can carry out their job roles efficiently. Firstly, a brief description of the job roles can be included in the advertisements. These brief descriptions such as what roles the candidate have to carry out or what specific sector they have to focus on or what tasks they have to work upon or how specific their job role would require them to manage people can present a clear idea to the candidates who wish to apply for the job (Kim, Moen & Warger, 2013). The candidates can be therefore, be aware of the managerial positions they have to work upon and can be sure of the specific job roles they have to perform during their tenure of service. These can only allow the interested candidates who are comfortable with the specified job roles to apply for the job. The companies therefore can select the right person required for the job by sorting from the available candidates. Moreover, if the pay package would have been mentioned in the advertisements then it would have drawn the right candidates who would be interested in the specified package. It is always seen that the response to these type of advertisements are huge with lots of people coming for interviews. However, the recruiters often get confused as lot of the selected candidates withdraws from their job roles being unsatisfied by the pay package which is revealed after they are selected. These type of rejection creates a negative impact on the company’s growth and development.

References:

Ahsan, K., Ho, M., & Khan, S. (2013). Recruiting project managers: A comparative analysis of competencies and recruitment signals from job advertisements. Project Management Journal, 44(5), 36-54.

aucklandconventions.co.nz. (2018). ANZ Viaduct Events Centre | Auckland Conventions. Retrieved from https://www.aucklandconventions.co.nz/venues/anz-viaduct-events-centre

aucklandlive.co.nz. (2018). Auckland Town Hall. Retrieved from https://www.aucklandlive.co.nz/venue/auckland-town-hall

Brown, E. A., Arendt, S. W., & Bosselman, R. H. (2014). Hospitality management graduates’ perceptions of career factor importance and career factor experience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 58-67.

citylodge.co.nz. (2018). CityLodge Hotel – Contact us on 0800 76 66 86 | City Lodge. Retrieved from https://www.citylodge.co.nz/contact-us/

Kim, J., Moen, W., & Warger, E. (2013). Competencies required for digital curation: An analysis of job advertisements.

matamatanz.co.nz. (2018). Home – Matamata i-SITE. Retrieved from https://matamatanz.co.nz/

mehfil.nz. (2018). Mission Bay. Retrieved from https://www.mehfil.nz/mission-bay.html

nzherald.co.nz. (2015). Restaurant review: Verona Cafe, Auckland CBD. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/lifestyle/news/article.cfm?c_id=6&objectid=11466698

oaktree.co.nz. (2018). Auckland Newmarket Accommodation – Oak Tree Motel. Retrieved from https://www.oaktree.co.nz/

raylandepsom.co.nz/. (2018). Rayland Epsom Motel – Motel near Vector Arena, ASB Showgrounds, Eden Park, Mt.Smart stadium. Retrieved from https://raylandepsom.co.nz/

satya.co.nz. (2018). Satya South Indian Restaurant. Retrieved from https://satya.co.nz/

sofitel-wellington.com. (2018). The Hotel – Sofitel Wellington. Retrieved from https://www.sofitel-wellington.com/

thecoromandel.com. (2018). Cathedral Cove | A New Zealand Must Do. Retrieved from https://www.thecoromandel.com/activities/must-do/cathedral-cove/

thefrenchcafe.co.nz. (2018). Home | The French Café. Retrieved from https://www.thefrenchcafe.co.nz/

vrhotels.co.nz. (2018). VR Hotels Group – Hotel & Apartment Accommodation. Retrieved from https://vrhotels.co.nz/

Wu, S. P. J., Straub, D. W., & Liang, T. P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and IT managers. Mis Quarterly, 39(2), 497-518.