Stages of Child Development
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 1 |
Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth-19 years. |
Text Answer |
The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. For example a child first learns to walk and then they learn how to run and jump.
The development that happens to the child is being categorized into different stages and time period according to the age of the child. During the early age the development within the child takes place at a rapid speed, this later on slows down with age. The development within a child can measured upon number of parameters, such as weight, height, language and emotional development.
The development that happens within a child is very rapid in nature and the physical development takes place at a very rapid speed which slows down later on as the child attends maturity. The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages.
By 0-6 Months
At the age of twenty four weeks the child starts to develop muscles and this is the age where they tend to learns different skills. During this age the child tends to learn various new ways how to use their hands and hold on to different objects. (CDC, 2007)
By 6 months to 1 year
By the age of 48 months the child learns how to crawl and stand-up holding on to different things. The co-ordination between the eyes and hands get more developed during this age and the child matures at a rapid speed. During this period the child develops different skills to get used to their daily work. This is during this period when a child starts developing new teeth which helps them eat solid food.
By 1 year to 2 years
Between the time frame of 48 months and 96 months the child starts developing communication skills and starts taking bit by bit. After this the child starts developing these skills with time and gets matured with age. The child develops and matures physically as well as mentally.
By 2 years to 5 years
This is the period when the child is exposed to the outer world and the child mixes with other child and learns new things. During this period the brain of the child grows very rapidly and the child learns new things each and every day. During this period the child is very active and curious in nature. The child always tries to learn new things and is very curious to explore new things. The child observe a lot and touch and feel new things to get the experience of things and to satisfy the curiousity that is growing inside the child.
Sequences of Child Development
By 5 years to – 7 years
The hand and eye co-ordination of the child gets good and he performs all the activities such as playing ball and riding cycles with ease.
By 7 years – 12 years
During this phase the child develops their communication power and they feel comfortable to communicate with others. Their confidence level also increases and as they mature they try to learn the things that are being performed by the adults. They get curious about the things done performed by adults and try to learn new things which they are still not being able to perform.
By 12 years – 19 years
After the age of childhood, comes the period of adolescent. The period of adolescent is between 12 to19. During this period the child matures and develops sexual features depending upon their sex. For example a boy develops body hair and a girl develops breast and other features which starts early at the age of 12 and continues to develop until maturity at the age of 19. The age of maturity during this period differ from person to person. Some may develop at an early age while others may go through development at a later stage. (Merrick, 2013)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 2 |
Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important. |
Text Answer |
The steps in which the child learns different skills are known as sequence. It is said to be as sequence as it happens in one steps one after another. For example a child first learns how to hold on to different objects and then gradually learns to crumble and then learns to walk. The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. For example a child first learns to walk and then they learn how to run and jump. All these things happen one after another and are in a sequence as they don’t change under any circumstances whatsoever. There are factors which can influence the sequence of development of a child are:
- Health
- Disability
- Parents
- Environment
- Difficulty in learning
Development that happens within a child is very rapid in nature and the physical development takes place at a very rapid speed which slows down later on as the child attends maturity. The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. At the age of twenty four weeks the child starts to develop muscles and this is the age where they tend to learns different skills. During this age the child tends to learn various new ways how to use their hands and hold on to different objects. This is known as sequence of development. On the other hand the rate of development is the speed at which the development happens within a child. The rate of development may vary with from one child to another depending at what speed the child is developing but the rate of sequence does not change under any circumstances. The rate of sequence always stays same whatever the situation may arise.
Factors Influencing Child Development
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 3 |
Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. |
Text Answer |
The personal factors may influence or affect the child in number of ways. The affect may vary under circumstances. The development that happens within a child is very rapid in nature and the physical development takes place at a very rapid speed which slows down later on as the child attends maturity. The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. The development that happens to the child is being categorized into different stages and time period according to the age of the child. During the early age the development within the child takes place at a rapid speed, this later on slows down with age. (Bredekamp, S., 2016)
Personality
Every person is different from one another and they have a different personality. There are some people whose personalities are such that they can very easily get mix with other people. Some child feels comfortable to get mix with others or communicate with others. Children learn through the relationship that is being formed with others
Health
Health is a very important factor when it comes to development of a child. If the health of the child is not taken care of in that case it may cause hindrance on the path of growth. So it is very important that the health is taken care of and if the child faces any problem regarding health then it is to be resolved immediately
Disability
If the child faces some kind of a disability may that be physical or mental, in that case the child should be given confidence and should be encouraged rather than being discouraged and differentiated. The encouragement will help the child to fight against the disability.
Learning Difficulties
In some cases it happens with some children that they face learning difficulties, in that case that child should be given full support from their parents and it should be seen that they are being helped and encouraged to reduce the difficulties which will help the child in various ways.
There are five of the main personal factors that may affect the development of the child. There are five factors that have been noted to affect the child for different situations. Health of the child is a very important factor as in some cases where the child suffers from some health issues such as asthma or any other issues which may cause hindrance for the growth and development of the child. If the child is suffering from any kind of disability in that case it may cause problem for the development of the child. Apart from that another important factors which may affect the development within a child is the problem with the vision. Vision is a very important sense for any child or any person. Without the proper vision, it becomes very difficult for a child to develop as all the senses are not at par, it may cause hindrance for development. Another very important sense that is very crucial for development of the child is sense of hearing. During the early stages of childhood the child hears and learns new words and initially learns the language through hearing. If the child suffers from any kind of hearing disability, in that case it may happen that the development of the child may be stopped.
Personal Factors
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 4 |
Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors. |
Essay |
The place or the area where the child is being brought up is very important for the development of the child. As it would be known that surrounding have a great impact upon the growth of the child so in this case the area where the child is born is very important.
Family
The family plays the most important role in shaping the future of a child and lays down the stones that the child will walk on for the future for rest of the life. The surrounding where the child grows up gets affected by the people of that area and this eventually affect the development of the child. The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time.
Socio-Economic Condition
The social economic condition of the family of the child plays a very important role and according to the social and economic condition of the child it plays a major role structuring the personality of the child. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. The factors may influence or affect the child in number of ways. The affect may vary under circumstances. The development that happens within a child is very rapid in nature and the physical development takes place at a very rapid speed which slows down later on as the child attends maturity. The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. The development that happens to the child is being categorized into different stages and time period according to the age of the child. During the early age the development within the child takes place at a rapid speed, this later on slows down with age. .
Peer Pressure
Peer pressure influences the child in many ways and as we would know that peer pressure does not only influence the child but makes them do things which the child personally may not like but does under the influence. The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process.
Education
Education is something that imparts knowledge within the child and develops the brain of the child accordingly. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. (Cabrera, N.J. and Tamis-LeMonda, C.S. eds., 2014)
External Factors
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 5 |
Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influenced current practice. |
Essay |
The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process. The theory also tells us that thinking of a child develops with the development of the child. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. There is a theory which is known as Piaget’s theory. This theory tells us how a child develops its senses and its view on the world and the ways a child learns different activities in the world. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. For example a child first learns to walk and then they learn how to run and jump.
Jean Piaget – cognitive theorist (intellectual)
According to this theory it says that children are active learner and they learn things while seeing others in the surroundings. They make a mental map within their mind and accordingly they do things
Burrhus F Skinner – Behaviourist
Another theory is suggested by B.F. Skinners. He suggested that if the child is being rewarded for a particular behaviour, in that case the child will tend to continue with that behaviour. In this regard he mentioned that whenever a child has done something good, in that case the child should be rewarded with the prize so that it encourages the child to repeat the behaviour and thereby it will become his habit and nature. The child will soon understand that the behaviour that is being liked by the people in the surroundings and the behaviour or work which fetches him or her reward and will tend to continue with the particular behaviour or work. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015)
According to his theory it says that human never gives an honest answer of the real intention that they have inside their head and always tend to hide the real reason for different reason that they assume.
In his theory he says that when child is born, he is devoid of any kind of fear but as he grows he develop fears through different kinds of human activity that happens in our day-to-day life.
Maslow created a pyramid that explains the stages of development of a person and the desire or need that are being generated by the person
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 6 |
Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. |
Essay |
Observation
Observation is important as it helps the practitioner to observe the child and to understand the problems with the child and if they detect any problem in that case it gives them time to plan their actions accordingly.
Checklist – A standard is set so as to evaluate if the standard is met by the child
Naturalistic- Challenges are pre-set and is taken into account
Focus Child- Categories are pre-recorded which helps to concentrate on the individual
Time Sample- It is being observed that how the child spends most of the time.
Assessment
The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. In some cases when child development is being noticed it may happen that the result may not be as it is expected many a times.
The development that happens within a child is very rapid in nature and the physical development takes place at a very rapid speed which slows down later on as the child attends maturity. The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. So it is very important to keep a track to see whether the child is developing as it is expected to develop and if it is not developing at the rate it is expected to develop, in that case it is necessary to find the causes that is slowing down its progress. Slow or low development over a period of time can become a very big issue so it is to be checked and keep under the track, whether the child is developing as expected or not. If there is a certain problem that could be found, in that case fast and prompt solution should be opted so that the issue can be resolved and the development can resume. So we can understand the development of a child is very important thing and prompt decision should be taken in order to rectify the problem in the development of the child. If the problem is not resolved fast, in that case it may become a bigger issue in the future. (Curnow, T.J., Kohler, M., Liddicoat, A.J. and Loechel, K.E., 2014)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 7 |
Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern |
Essay |
The development amongst the children and young people may not follow the expected pattern, that they are expected to go through. The reason behind this is number of factors that may affect the change in pattern in case of the development within a child or a young person. The issues that are being faced by the children have both negative as well as positive effect. Depending on the effect the scenario changes and thereby the pattern changes with the scenario. The numbers of factors that may change the pattern of development within a child are:
Disability
If the child faces some kind of a disability may that be physical or mental, in that case the child should be given confidence and should be encouraged rather than being discouraged and differentiated. The encouragement will help the child to fight against the disability.
Poverty
A child who is going through a phase of poverty and need in that case the pattern of development within that child may differ from another child who is not facing the problem. So we can say that poverty is one of the factors which play a role in changing the pattern of development within a child.
Parents
A child development pattern may develop with the parent’s behaviour or the way parents treat the child. So we can say that parenting has a great effect upon the development pattern of the child. Two different parents have different patterns of parenting and in the same way there parenting style also varies, which affect the development pattern of the child. The child gets affected by the parenting style and development pattern also changes
Education
This is one of the important factors, which determines the development pattern within a child. With the change in educational pattern the development pattern within a child also varies. Education is something which helps to grow knowledge within a child and this is imparted so that it helps to build-up the character of a child. The education helps to build-up the characteristics of a child. With the difference in education the development pattern of the child also changes. (David, T.G. and Weinstein, C.S. eds., 2013)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 8 |
Explain how disabilities affect development. |
Text Answer |
The development that takes place in a child is a continuous process. This development of the child can be measured in number of ways. The affect may vary under circumstances. The development that happens within a child is very rapid in nature and the physical development takes place at a very rapid speed which slows down later on as the child attends maturity. The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. Disability may cause hindrance in case of the normal development within a child that the child is expected to develop. The disability stops the development within the child which is a very negative effect upon the child which later on may cause problem as the child grows old to become an adult.
The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. The development that happens to the child is being categorized into different stages and time period according to the age of the child. During the early age the development within the child takes place at a rapid speed, this later on slows down with age. In order to support the child who is facing a disability to build-up a positive attitude towards disability so that the child does not take disability as a negative aspect and this will also help in the development of the child. Disability is something that can’t be rectified but the attitude of the child can be made such that the disability does not affect the development of the child. (Eisenberg, N., 2017)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 9 |
Explain how different types of intervention can promote positive outcome for children and young people where development is not following the expected pattern. |
Essay |
The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. The development that happens to the child is being categorized into different stages and time period according to the age of the child. During the early age the development within the child takes place at a rapid speed, this later on slows down with age. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. The development amongst the children and young people may not follow the expected pattern, that they are expected to go through. The reason behind this is number of factors that may affect the change in pattern in case of the development within a child or a young person. The issues that are being faced by the children have both negative as well as positive effect.
The reason behind this is number of factors that may affect the change in pattern in case of the development within a child or a young person. The issues that are being faced by the children have both negative as well as positive effect.
This is a framework that helps to identify children with disability, and thereby actions can be taken to take care of their disability.
They help in positive development of the child and thereby they take care of the child development and they intervene in the actions of the child.
The speech and language therapist are concerned with the speech and communication ability of the child and they see that the child does not face any speech problem that may arise during the childhood.
There number of professional who may help in case if it is seen that a child is not following the expected pattern of development. The professional varies with the cause or depending upon the problem.
The professional are speech therapist, who comes into effect in case the child does have a problem with the communication and another is psychologist who tries to determine whether the child has any psychological abnormalities and tries to rectify the problem. (Gowani, S., Yousafzai, A.K., 2014)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 10 |
Analyse the importance of early identification of speech, language and communication delays and disorders and the potential risk of late recognition. |
Text Answer |
The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. The skills that they develop are similar and are in a same formation. The development amongst the children and young people may not follow the expected pattern, that they are expected to go through. If the child is facing problems with the speech in that case early identification can play a very important role in case of the child.
The child facing the problem with the speech is lacking behind in development and if this problem ignored or stays un-identified for a long period of time; in that case it may cause a slow development in the child. This slow development may cause problem for the child in the later phase of life. As soon the problem is identified the child should be taken to a speech therapist so as to find the problem is relevant or not and to find out the proper solution for the problem. If the problem is not identified or remains un-identified for a longer period of time, in that case it may become a hindrance on the path of development for the child, which may affect the child negatively. Not only the child will have problem to communicate but also the child will find it inferior and low in confidence when the child will be in surrounding of other children. (Grantham?McGregor, S.M., Fernald, L.C., 2014)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 11 |
Explain how multi-agency teams work together to support speech, language and communication. |
Text Answer |
The multi agency team work together to help to see that the child has proper development at an expected pattern and expected rate of pace. The development happens in children in various forms and various ways but they all develop at a same rate or at a same pace and they all develop equally at a same period of time. The development that happens to the child is being categorized into different stages and time period according to the age of the child. The disability stops the development within the child which is a very negative effect upon the child which later on may cause problem as the child grows old to become an adult.
The physical development comes in various stages and the pace of development changes differently at various stages. At first the child will be inspected to find whether there is any problem with the child. This procedure is to be carried out by the doctor in a clinic or hospital. If the child is identified with any problem, in that case depending upon the problem a suitable practitioner is recommended. For example if the child is facing problems with the speech, in that case the child will be prescribed to the speech therapist and similarly if the child is going through psychological problems, in that case the child is prescribed to the psychologist. The speech is a very important aspect in case of the development of the child. It is the most important medium of communication and the problems that may arise regarding speech and communication is being rectified by the support team so that there is no hindrance on the path of development for the child. (Gutierrez-Galve, L., Stein, A., 2015.)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 12 |
Explain how play and activities are used to support the development of speech, language and communication. |
Text Answer |
If the child is facing problems with the speech in that case early identification can play a very important role in case of the child. In order to develop the speech and language skills different types of activities are being made to give support to the child.
As to teaching the child we have very limited options as it is very hard to make them understand so the best option is to make them learn through different kinds of toys. Speech is something which is not always natural in nature; there is numerous numbers of times when a child lack behind in learning the speech or language.
So the child is being introduced to play activities and through these play activities the child are made to learn the language and speech. The child is given dolls and different kinds of puppets. These toys help the child learn the speech and develop communication skills.
Apart from dolls or puppets the child are also read nursery rhymes and colour books which helps them to learn through play. (Gutierrez-Gavle, L., Stein, A., 2015)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 13 |
Explain how different types of transitions can affect children and young people’s development. |
Essay |
Different children have different characteristics and they react different under different situation. Every child had different personality and according to their personality they tend to change depending on the form of transition that is being experience by the child. Their behaviour may change differently and there is no specific pattern for their behaviour which may differ from time to time. At time a child may get angry and at times the child may become very calm. A transition is a period when a change comes in the life of a child. There are number of transition that can cause problem in development those are as follows:
- Moving home
- New School
- New Friends
- Death of a closed family members
- Separation of parents
- Moving from lower to higher school
The change may include change in school, change in place or may be change in city etc. As the environment of the child tends to change the child reacts differently under different situation. Depending upon how the child can cope up with the new environment as he or she is exposed to a transition where there is everything new.
This is a challenging task for the child and it takes a lot of co-operation and help from the parents and other family members who will help the child to accept and cope-up with the change or transition. (Hammer, B., Hatfield, 2014)
|
Task No. |
Assessment Criteria |
Type of Evidence |
|
Task 14 |
Evaluate the effect on children and young people of having positive relationships during periods of transition. |
Essay |
During the period of transition from small baby to a fast growing child can be difficult for child. As the child there is a phase where a change comes when a child starts mixing with the outer world. There are number of types of transition that the child may face some of those are as follows:
|
Type of Transition |
Positive relationships |
|
A. Moving home B. New School C. New Friends D. Death of a closed family members E. Separation of parents F. Moving from lower to higher school |
Parents / Family Parents / Family / Teacher / Friends Parents / Family Parents Parents / Family/ Teachers/ Peers Teachers / Parents / Peers |
From birth the child tends to stay at home in the surroundings of the family but as he attains the age to go to school, in that case the child is exposed to the society with other children. During this time the child learns new ways and new techniques in life. The child goes through various forms of transformation and tends to develop new ideas and learning’s. During this period the child needs strong attachment from the parents and other members of the family whom he or she trusts. As the child is exposed to the new world he develops new ideas and new learning’s. (Kail, R.V., 2015)
References:
Berk, L.E. and Meyers, A.B., 2015. Infants, children, and adolescents. Pearson.
Berk, L.E., 2017. Exploring lifespan development. Pearson.
Bredekamp, S., 2016. Effective practices in early childhood education: Building a foundation. Boston: Pearson.
Cabrera, N.J. and Tamis-LeMonda, C.S. eds., 2014. Handbook of father involvement: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Routledge.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. USA. Classification of Diseases, Functioning, and Disability.[??????????? ??????]: https://www. cdc. gov/nchs/icd/icd10cm. htm (???? ?????????: 20.09. 2014).
Curnow, T.J., Kohler, M., Liddicoat, A.J. and Loechel, K.E., 2014. Review of languages retention from the middle years to the senior years of schooling: report to the Department for Education and Child Development.
David, T.G. and Weinstein, C.S. eds., 2013. Spaces for children: The built environment and child development. Springer Science & Business Media.
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T.L., Taylor, Z.E. and Liew, J., 2017. Relations of Inhibition and Emotion?Related Parenting to Young Children’s Prosocial and Vicariously Induced Distress Behavior. Child Development.
Forns, J., Esnaola, M., López-Vicente, M., Suades-González, E., Alvarez-Pedrerol, M., Julvez, J., Grellier, J., Sebastián-Gallés, N. and Sunyer, J., 2014. The n-back Test and the Attentional Network Task as measures of child neuropsychological development in epidemiological studies. Neuropsychology, 28(4), p.519.
Gowani, S., Yousafzai, A.K., Armstrong, R. and Bhutta, Z.A., 2014. Cost effectiveness of responsive stimulation and nutrition interventions on early child development outcomes in Pakistan. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1308(1), pp.149-161.
Grantham?McGregor, S.M., Fernald, L.C., Kagawa, R. and Walker, S., 2014. Effects of integrated child development and nutrition interventions on child development and nutritional status. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1308(1), pp.11-32.
Greenfield, P.M., 2014. Cross-cultural roots of minority child development. Psychology Press.
Gutierrez-Galve, L., Stein, A., Hanington, L., Heron, J. and Ramchandani, P., 2015. Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: mediators and moderators. Pediatrics, 135(2), pp.e339-e347.
Hamre, B., Hatfield, B., Pianta, R. and Jamil, F., 2014. Evidence for general and domain?specific elements of teacher–child interactions: Associations with preschool children’s development. Child development, 85(3), pp.1257-1274.
Kail, R.V., 2015. Children and their development. Pearson Higher Ed.
Melhuish, E., Ereky-Stevens, K., Petrogiannis, K., Ariescu, A., Penderi, E., Rentzou, K., Tawell, A., Leseman, P. and Broekhuisen, P., 2015. A review of research on the effects of early childhood education and care (ECEC) on child development.
Order an Essay Now & Get These Features For Free:
Turnitin Report
Formatting
Title Page
Citation
Outline
