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Discuss about the Chronic Kidney Disease Management.
The efficient chronic disease management depends on a well-structured excellence improvement plan. In the evaluation of these strategic plans, following articles shall be used. Ad-Hoc working group of ERBP (2012), Evaluation of the chronic infections by Stevens & Levin (2013) and the chronic kidney disease (Levey & Coresh 2012). The constant kidney disease article will be used in providing the evidence for the disease management. The strategy helps in monitoring the healthcare process and the results for the optimal healthcare administration. Although the health services are territorially in countries like Canada where there are still national frameworks that significantly facilitates people living with the chronic kidney infections. The disease is managed in variation and primary healthcare across all the governmental healthcare sectors’ practices for the proper improvement in the healthcare services delivery. For many years, active chronic kidney disease management lacks in very many countries. The strategies have only worked in developed countries like the United States.
What is the strategic plan for the management of chronic kidney disease in the Australian health strategic framework for the control of the Kidney chronic disease?
The following factors guided the choice of the research question. One of them is the fact that chronic kidney infection currently is one of the health threat in Australia health sectors. The poor understanding of the disease management and the way the high prevalence of the disease in the country. According to the research done recently, it’s also clear that the kidney disease is worsening every day. The health organisations approximated that one out of the three people in Australia is at a high rate of chronic disease development. About 1.7 million people in the Australia whose age is above 25 years have a clinical sign of the chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease has been given very minimal attention, especially when compared with other chronic infections.
The chronic kidney disease management in Australia was developed for the past seven years. The disease is linked to adverse health outcome, low socioeconomic life and the high cost of the healthcare. The patients with the disease always experience a lot of comorbidities like the depression and diabetes. That means the patient has to live well and a balance his or her disease medical practices. That’s why the Chronic kidney disease in Australia presents the national health framework to assist in improving the current conditions of the kidney damage. The national organisation represents the necessities of the individuals living with it. The federal structure is also set in identifying the policies in place to promote the health results and provide the proof based on the cost and the sensible solutions. The chronic kidney health framework for Australia is responsible for the issue related to the chronic kidney disease and the service delivered to the individuals living with the disease (Torres et al. 2012).
Research question
The chronic kidney damage incorporates the events that injure the kidneys hence decreasing the ability to maintain the health of an individual. In case the disease worsens, the waste materials can be established resulting in high blood pressure, the low blood counts, poor nutrition, the nerve injury and weakening the bones. The disease may also increase the risks factors of the heart and the blood vessels’ infection. These issues do not occur immediately but slowly and taking an extended period. The chronic infection can also cause diabetes and the other related disorders. The early treatment is essential since can help in preventing the disease from worsening. The critical situation of the disease outcome is kidney functional failure which might call for the dialysis or kidney transplantation to preserve life (Crawford, Brooksbank, Brown, Burgess & Young 2013).
The two primary causes of the kidney damage are the high blood pressure and diabetes. These two causes are responsible for about 2/3 of the kidney damage condition. The diabetes is as a result of the high content of the sugar within the blood which results to the damage of organs within the body. Hypertension takes place when the pressure of the blood versus the blood vessel’s wall. If the situation is not controlled, the high pressure in the blood can cause the cardiovascular infections which could result along with the chronic kidney damage (Goodman, Posner, Huang, Parekh, & Koh 2013).
The chronic kidney damage in Australia is one of the significant health issues. According to (Goodwin, Sonola, Thiel & Kodner 2013) in every 7 Australian individuals, there is always one biomarker of the kidney infection. The incidence was reported for the adults over 25 years of age. The chronic disease has contributed to the deaths of about 10 percent and approximately 1.1 million of the hospitalised individuals in the year 2006 to 2007. The high number of the complications was as a result of the incompetence of the chronic kidney management. Therefore, the persistent kidney infection is a significant and apparent non-communicable disease in the whole world. In Australia national and other international guidelines, the chronic kidney disease can be described and organised concerning a procedural role (Jha, Garcia, Iseki, Naicker, Plattner, & Yang 2013). These procedures are a sign of an extent of the risks stratification by the use of conventional ready makers. In its early stages, the disease is asymptomatic and detecting it early can help in reducing its risks. According to (Kellum et al. 2012) very few individuals with the chronic kidney survive to the final stages of the kidney damage. The effort is needed to reduce the risks of the chronic kidney diseases at the primary care level.
The Chronic kidney disease description
Monitoring the disease is very necessary as well. The primary health care nurses should be well organised in overseeing other aspects. For instance, the modifiable risks like proteinuria and the blood pressure. Appropriate detection and the management are essential to prevent chronic kidney disease progression and other risk factors like cardiovascular conditions. In the past, the chronic kidney disease was carried out by the nephrologist within the secondary stage. Currently, improving the knowledge of implications and nature at the early stage makes it necessary for the health nurses to have a significant role. To those within the health sectors like nurses, knowing the disease is vital for proper identification of individuals living with the disease (Nuño, Coleman, Bengoa & Sauto,2012).
Therefore, viewing the medical guidelines are based on the existing international and the national Australians national guidelines. The review of these guidelines is critical in summarizing the significances of the chronic kidney disease. It will also give a reflection of the main factors in the disease management at the primary healthcare stage (Stevens & Levin 2013). Chronic kidney disease in the primary healthcare is usually asymptomatic, and the immediate cause of the pathology is not well known. It is typically defined and identified with the presence of the kidney structures abnormality and the roles within the first month of the identification. It’s classified according to dysfunctions are initiated by the defects of the kidney structures, and the other proves associated with the chronic kidney damages like Albuminuria (Sav et al. 2012). For many decades, the disease has been a determinant of poor results that usually initiate the emergence of the other non-communicable infections like cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence across the many counties is very high in the whole world. This prevalence within the developed states is approximated at 5-6 % according to the equation used in delivery the eGFR from the serum creatinine (Lorig, Ritter, Plant, Laurent, Kelly & Rowe 2013).
Chronic kidney disease is a huge issue affecting the state across the globe. All the health sectors should, therefore, focus on the appropriate methods to prevent and manage the disease. It’s evident that for a very long time, patients infected with the disease die due to other associated chronic disease like cardiovascular infection before the development of the renal disease stage. The health research should be able to focus on the management of the two conditions just in case the disease develops along with the chronic disease management. This can be achieved through qualitative and quantitative research methods (Wanner et al. 2016).
The Literature Review
Most of the health researchers have used the method argues that it’s imperative and adhere to inquiry methods. Chronic infections are the most critical conditions that I their nature require research on a combination of perspectives. The technique can only be achieved through the quantitative methods. It’s recommended that successful in the management of the chronic disease research depending on a shared application of the quantitative and the qualitative research views, tools and methods. Appropriate study of chronic disease needs a combination of the research efforts and some longitudinal forms of the research. Thus, enhancing the management of the chronic issues to be captured in the future (Wyld, Morton, Hayen, Howard & Webster 2012).
References
ad-hoc working group of ERBP:, Fliser, D., Laville, M., Covic, A., Fouque, D., Vanholder, R., … & Van Biesen, W. (2012). A European Renal Best Practice (ERBP) position statement on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guidelines on acute kidney injury: part 1: definitions, conservative management and contrast-induced nephropathy. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 27(12), 4263-4272.
Crawford, G. B., Brooksbank, M. A., Brown, M., Burgess, T. A., & Young, M. (2013). Unmet needs of people with end?stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: recommendations for change in Australia. Internal medicine journal, 43(2), 183-190.
Goodman, R. A., Posner, S. F., Huang, E. S., Parekh, A. K., & Koh, H. K. (2013). Peer Reviewed: Defining and measuring chronic conditions: Imperatives for research, policy, program, and practice. Preventing chronic disease, 10.
Goodwin, N., Sonola, L., Thiel, V., & Kodner, D. (2013). Co-ordinated care for people with complex chronic conditions. Key lessons and markers for success.
Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., … & Yang, C. W. (2013). Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. The Lancet, 382(9888), 260-272.
Kellum, J. A., Lameire, N., Aspelin, P., Barsoum, R. S., Burdmann, E. A., Goldstein, S. L., … & MacLeod, A. M. (2012). Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney international supplements, 2(1), 1-138.
Nuño, R., Coleman, K., Bengoa, R., & Sauto, R. (2012). Integrated care for chronic conditions: the contribution of the ICCC Framework. Health Policy, 105(1), 55-64.
Olesen, J. B., Lip, G. Y., Kamper, A. L., Hommel, K., Køber, L., Lane, D. A., … & Torp-Pedersen, C. (2012). Stroke and bleeding in atrial fibrillation with chronic kidney disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(7), 625-635.
Levey, A. S., & Coresh, J. (2012). Chronic kidney disease. The lancet, 379(9811), 165-180.
Lorig, K., Ritter, P. L., Plant, K., Laurent, D. D., Kelly, P., & Rowe, S. (2013). The South Australia health chronic disease self-management Internet trial. Health Education & Behavior, 40(1), 67-77.
Sav, A., Kendall, E., McMillan, S. S., Kelly, F., Whitty, J. A., King, M. A., & Wheeler, A. J. (2013). ‘You say treatment, I say hard work’: treatment burden among people with chronic illness and their carers in Australia. Health & social care in the community, 21(6), 665-674.
Stevens, P. E., & Levin, A. (2013). Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Annals of internal medicine, 158(11), 825-830.
Wanner, C., Inzucchi, S. E., Lachin, J. M., Fitchett, D., von Eynatten, M., Mattheus, M., … & Zinman, B. (2016). Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(4), 323-334.
Wyld, M., Morton, R. L., Hayen, A., Howard, K., & Webster, A. C. (2012). A systematic review and meta-analysis of utility-based quality of life in chronic kidney disease treatments. PLoS medicine, 9(9), e1001307.
Torres, V. E., Chapman, A. B., Devuyst, O., Gansevoort, R. T., Grantham, J. J., Higashihara, E., … & Czerwiec, F. S. (2012). Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 367(25), 2407-2418.
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