Creating Awareness Around Tobacco Smoking
Discuss about the Theory At A Glance: Application To Health Promotion And Health Behavior.
Definition of the TA: There has been a big divider in the economic status of the U.S.A. especially in the California government where the gap between the rich and poor is significantly quite high. Come of the constructs to the economic divide include ethnicity and race. The color communities are likely to face more health issues among them tobacco related illnesses. Tobacco health issues have been known to be a major cause of death among the African American, Hispanic and Indian communities 1. This is due to issues like cancer and asthma that are effects of smoking tobacco. Tobacco smoking causes an even greater issue to the people surrounding the smokers.
One of the key measures that the government has taken is to create awareness around tobacco smoking and the effects of tobacco smoking to public health. The exposure on the bad representation of the tobacco industry that is built in deceit has been the key strategy to decreasing tobacco related illnesses. Tobacco’s performance success is credited to marketing and thus crippling that socially contributes to the halting of distribution rates of the products. This can be achieved through training people with the right kind of knowledge around the product, defining key strategic moves to curbing the issues and analyzing the results as to how the strategies are working within communities 1. Immediate actions are taken following up to the strategies and activities are enforced into the community.
Employing the community action model enables the step process explained above to be facilitated suing social determinants of tobacco health related issues, control plans like the San Francisco control plan are used to address key strategies aimed at reducing the use of tobacco in the communities. Paulo Freire theory was based on a Brazilian educationalist theory that education was key to eradicating oppressive issues in societies as knowledge is power and thus through research and creating awareness around what tobacco is and the heath complications behind it, then issues facing the community 1. The key goals are to combat the health issues by educating the communities and the second is equipping the community with skills that make the self-efficient in handling the issues around tobacco smoking.
The second key issue is to intervene through measures like intervention that are based on skills, research and action based on findings of the research and advocacy in the communities based on the findings of one’s research also contribute to addressing health issues around tobacco use. Other measures include changing or influencing development of the polices intended to support change and implementation of the policies in the environment and following up on the same to ensure that change is maintained. Use of the community model involves use of a five-step process where communities that seek to play a role of advocacy come together and the members are trained on advocacy through explaining of the processes intended to be used1. The next step involves defining and designing a plan of diagnosis. It also involves determining effective ways of addressing the issues.
The Community Action Model
Step three involves analyzing the diagnosis once implemented in the community by analyzing and disseminating the findings. Step four involves selecting an action that can be implemented to address an issue of concern and that will achieve the policies that are denied for the project. The last step involves enforcing the actions chosen so as to ensure change is achieved. Measures of success are determined or defined by completion of the process and change seen in the community after the action chosen is successfully adapted and used. In the san Francisco case, the change achieved was seen through banning of food with tobacco and ads that market tobacco 1. It was also successful though change of regulations for tobacco use especially amongst teenagers and college attendees. Involving community members in global campaigns also helped achieve possible change.
The no of people in the TA: 5-15 group members.
Composition of the TA: policy makers, students, parents, school officials, media/ journalists, community members, counsellors, manufacturers, law enforcers, non-governmental agencies.
% involved in priority groups: 33.33%
Justification of program goal and objectives.
Conceptualization of the influences (environmental and policies) can be set up in settings like primary leverage points, secondary leverage points and they can be studies for research. The hierarchical method attributes influence of determinants among them habits, social roles, genetics, pleasure. Life experience and life stage amongst many others. These are attributed by determinants such as proximity to convenient stores, food stores. Heath clubs and restaurants among others like family influence. All these are lifestyle attributes. The layers of framework through which the influencers are analyzed include the psychobiologic core that focuses on conditioned behaviors, culture which constitutes of believes and values, societal which is inclusive of roles and relationships, enables o choice that focuses on barriers of change, lifestyle that is dependent on choices of dos and don’ts, proximal leverage points that focuses on factors affecting the physical activities and site leverage points that focuses on direct and indirect lifestyle facts like laws and policies 2.
Will this programme be part of a broader campaign to prevent the health problem? Yes
Justify the Goal behavior, citing credible original references?
Dietary and physical activity behaviors are among the wide variety of forces that affect one’s health. The behaviors require intervention and commitment from multiple levels. Strategies taken to handle the issues include mass media adverts and promotion of educational programs in schools about healthy eating. The concentration of effects of the topic focuses on an individual 1.
Measures of Success
Environment has shaped behavior through creation of recognition around an issues and factors influencing change. Partnerships among researchers, educators, government and industry have shown tremendous success in eradication of persistent health issues among them tobacco smoking and agricultural patterns that influence consumption behaviors. Similar models may be adopted for food intake to achieve desirable results. There is a wide variety of food options that are accessible to the consumers. Physical activities are slowly being replaced by gadgets. These add to increase of influencing factors to obesity. Environment and policies may contribute to food consumptions through lack of change of the environment to suit healthy behaviors 2.
Research has shown that issues combated on multiple level behaviors be it individually, socially, culturally, environmentally or policy wise. Therefore, the process needs to involve security in interventions by providing policies, knowledge and skills that are most effective when combines with programs that promote consumption of healthy foods.
Even with the strong notion that variables like environment and physical activities have a heavy influence on dietary choices, there has been few research materials that support the same.
Conceptualization of the influences (environmental and policies) can be set up in settings like primary leverage points, secondary leverage points and they can be studies for research. The hierarchical method attributes influence of determinants among them habits, social roles, genetics, pleasure. Life experience and life stage amongst many others. These are attributed by determinants such as proximity to convenient stores, food stores. Heath clubs and restaurants among others like family influence. All these are lifestyle attributes. The layers of framework through which the influencers are analyzed include the psychobiologic core that focuses on conditioned behaviors, culture which constitutes of believes and values, societal which is inclusive of roles and relationships, enables o choice that focuses on barriers of change, lifestyle that is dependent on choices of dos and don’ts, proximal leverage points that focuses on factors affecting the physical activities and site leverage points that focuses on direct and indirect lifestyle facts like laws and policies3.
The framework set to handle the lifestyle issues include life experiences and values that are determine social roles and socioeconomic status. They trickle down to the trends that are adapted on the environment, seasonality, accessibility, cost and knowledge and other factors. The set up can also contribute to behavioral changes like the health club, food stores, local schools and day care which fall in different feels like entertainment industry, re-creation industry educational state and health care industry among many more. Each set up can have many influences among them snacks like crisps and others and gym equipment for physical activity influencers. The presence of gym equipment may influence the need to start healthy exercises. The single influence may have many more influences and thus each influence is taken as a database. Its categorized as easy, moderate or easy and it can in a certain framework (s). The leverage point for change can be from any of the above-mentioned industries and anymore and the outcome expected is dependent on leverage point and the setting. The leverage points influence intervention measures where the proximity is dependent on influence. Taking a family eating behaviors an example, the choice of snack and the pace pf eating is influenced by type of snacks available in the home; The setup is the portions that one assigns themselves. Distal leverage points are depended on specific behavioral influences in a setting; It begins with industries, local government amongst other institutions that place effort toward improvement of healthy nutrition offers and physical activities. These are guided per set up within the framework of counseling, research and professional training amongst others 2.
Composition of the TA
There is also influence of variables that spread across behavioral set ups and leverage points. They have the grounding on time, tradeoffs between goals and economic motivators amongst others. Understanding the variables helps in predicting the environment and interventions by use of policies that are likely to be liked or rejected by the Americans. Some of influence that may contribute to the same may be age, sec, ethnicity and socioeconomic status among others. There may be overarching variables which include competition for time, extreme diversity and health motivations amongst many others. These contribute towards a rational planning process and ultimately a decision. With the database, eating patterns can be established and the physical activities influences to serve the consumers healthy options. This can be pushed by putting up settings of each and every unhealthy setting that is linked to bad eating habits and lack of physical activity. From the options of varieties of the database, a judgment can be made on the best fit database in changing unhealthy eating habits and influencing change 4.
The database can be used in conceptualization of strategies in effecting change. Coalitions can also be formed between linked institution through leverage points and influences. This can include health practitioners from different health fields like nutrition and general diagnosis.
Some of the professionals in indirectly related institutions like public transportation may be unwilling to participating. Being that the research is taken inform of a database, then it’s hard to get specific instructions on what direction to take in execution of influences that influence healthy lifestyles. The study needs to be more qualitative to be able to choose specific measures that help achieve the desired outcome and reduce obesity amongst people in the communities depending on their influences and leverage points 2.
Conclusion
Being that society has evolved drastically overtime depending on the environmental set up, that is full of many influences, then its important to extensively research into specific influences that determine heathy eating habits and influence physical activity.
References
JHU, “A Frame for Advocacy,” John Hopkins Univerisity: Center for Communication Programs (JHU), vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1-4, 199.
HRC, “Guidelines for Researchers on Health Research Involving Maori,” Heakth Research Cuncil of New Zealand (HRC), no. 2, pp. 13-18, 2010.
UDHHHS, “Making Health Commmunication Program Work,” U.S. Department of Human Health and Human Services (UDHHHS): National Institute of Health: National Cancer Institute, pp. 1-65, 2002.
National Cancer Institute, “Theory at a Glance: A Guide for Promotional Health,” U.S.S Department of Health and Human Services, pp. 1-32, 2005.
L. S. M. J. F. S. J. R. C. P. K. O. J. L. D. P. M. B. H. P. N. Booth, “Environmental and Societal Factors Affect Food Choice and,” Nutrition Reviews, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 21-39, 2001.
M. Haura, “The Whanau Ora Tool,” The Ministry of Health , pp. 1-8, 2008.
H. S. S. L. M. E. A. A. H. A. M. M. R. F. D. Lavery, “The Community Action-Model: A community -Driven Model Designed to Address Disparities in Health,” American Journal of Health, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 611-616, 2005.
W. Runanga, “TUHA – NZaTreaty Understanding of Hauora in Aotearoa – NewZealand,” Health Promotion Forum of New Zealand – Runanga Whakapiki, pp. 1-19, 2002.
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