Healthcare System in Canada vs. the United States
Question:
Discuss about the Comparison of Healthcare System of US and Canada.
This paper describes the comparison of health care systems in Canada and the United States along different dimensions. Both the two countries are highly advanced industrialized nations. Canada performs well as compared to the US about health outcomes, cost, and coverage. The first part describes how Canada and United States to fund and organize the Public health system. The next part covers the performance of the two nations regarding the main building blocks or elements of the health system. The third part explains the cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis are as well as how they can be put to use to help in the allocation of resources about health care analysis. The last part is the description of the essential reforms that should be implemented to improve the health care system in both the two nations (Kumar, Sidell, Jones & Vonesh, 2014).
The US healthcare spends more money as compared to Canada, on both a percentage of GDP basis and per-capita. In the year 2006, the healthcare spending on per-capita in Canada was US$3,678 while in the US the per capita spending was US$ 6,714. In the same year, the healthcare in the US spent approximately 15.3% of GDP while Canada healthcare systems pay 10% of GDP. In the year 2006, 70% of spending on healthcare in Canada was derived from the government finance while 46% represent US spending on the healthcare which was financed by the government (Shah, Lee, Reddy, Lin & Wu, 2018). The total spending of per capita by the government in the United States on healthcare was represented by 23% which was higher than the spending of the Canadian government. The government expenditure of the United States on healthcare was higher than that of the Canadian spending on health care. Therefore, Canada pays an estimate of 9% of national GDP to ensure all of the Citizens in their single-payer system, while with US who spend more than 14% of GDP for insuring an approximate of 85% of Americans.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_the_healthcare_systems_in_Canada_and_the_United_States
The United State healthcare is more expensive as compared to Canada. The difference between Canada and US in administration and billing costs increases every year. Because of the high cost of medical services, the US has different private corporations that provide insurance options for all the population (Himmelstein et al., 2014).
Funding and Organizational Aspects
The healthcare expenditure in the United States is mainly financed by both the private and public sectors while the public sector is funding 70% of the Canada expenditure on healthcare, and the remaining 30% is derived from the Private sector. Canada utilizes Universal approach, and because of this approach, the government funds most of the healthcare services and hospital activities. While In United State the provision of medical services is being sponsored by different avenues because of it uses the multiplayer system. In the US the private sector fund more than 50% of the expenditure thru copays and household expenditure, insurance from the private health, and other different types of private spending while in Canada healthcare is publicly funded by use of the rules that are put in place by the Federal government.
The Canada government uses National Health Insurance (NHI). The government participates in the running of health insurance that covers the medical benefits package for all the population. Canada uses a specific type of NHI program known as the Medicare, which is the program for the universal public health. This means that it functions at a regional level but covers people equally across the nation. Canada Medicare program covers about 97% of all the population, while other government programs about healthcare are funding the other 3%. The health care system of the United States does not use the Universal national. However, USA operates on different healthcare systems that depend on the region and the kind of services that people can obtain in those areas. The United State uses various methods to provide healthcare service to the people (Stoddart & Evans, 2017). The medium which the US uses to provide services include privately purchased insurance, privately purchased insurance, individuals purchased insurance using the money from their pocket, and finally, the government provides insurance and health care program. Therefore, the United States healthcare system cannot be defined as the universal. Canada uses the single payer system while the United State uses a multiplayer system in which the third party payers are the one reimbursing the providers of the healthcare. (Fischer, Keates, Bühringer, Reimer & Rehm, 2014).
The technology of Canada is overworked, and this enables the Citizen to experience difficulties in seeing the medical professions, it also has the shortage of nurses and the management of hospital is not efficient, and there is also the management of other healthcare facilities are not efficient. Waiting time for each patient increases because the aging population has created more demand for the available system. Canada reduces the problem of waiting lists by creating more than 30 private CT and MRI clinics in some of the province. Some of the Clinics provide non-emergency services which are being paid by private insurance (Squires & Anderson, 2015).
Cost and Coverage
The United State provides the best quality in healthcare system because Doctors are being paid well and the workplace conditions are also favorable. The Doctors in Canada are not being paid well as compare to those Doctors in the United States. Canada should increase the payment of its Doctors as this will motivates the Doctors to work hard and improve the delivery of the citizens to the people (Bekelman et al., 2016).
Cost-effectiveness analysis tries to find the best substitute process, intervention, or activity that reduces the costs of achieving the preferred results. It can help to solve the problem of healthcare resource allocation in that it can assist the healthcare system in developing the best intervention and policies that can facilitate the delivery of the healthcare services (Brown et al., 2018).
Cost- benefits analysis are the techniques of economics useful in public decision making that attempt to compare and quantify economic disadvantages (costs) and advantages (benefits) that are related to a particular policy or project for the general society. This approach can help the healthcare system to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the plans that are invented by the healthcare system.
The US should use a single payer, where the system is being funded by the public this is because it encourages fair distribution of health resources than the use of a multi-player system where most of the funds come from the private individuals. The United States and Canada should focus on their core building blocks to improve the performance of the healthcare system.
Canada should learn from the US and improve the quality of the services. They should pay their Doctors well to enhance the delivery of the healthcare services.
Conclusion
The paper examines the differences in the healthcare system in the United States and Canada. Differences exist regarding the government role regarding service delivery, payment mechanisms by the provider and the Financing. The United States spends more in the distribution of the services than the one spends in Canada. United State is the most prominent spender, and its GDP is higher than that of Canada.
References
Bekelman, J. E., Halpern, S. D., Blankart, C. R., Bynum, J. P., Cohen, J., Fowler, R., … & Oosterveld-Vlug, M. (2016). Comparison of site of death, health care utilization, and hospital expenditures for patients dying with cancer in 7 developed countries. Jama, 315(3), 272-283.
Brown, H., D’Amico, F., Knapp, M., Orrell, M., Rehill, A., Vale, L., & Robinson, L. (2018). A cost effectiveness analysis of maintenance cognitive stimulation therapy (MCST) for people with dementia: examining the influence of cognitive ability and living arrangements. Aging & mental health, 1-6.
Fischer, B., Keates, A., Bühringer, G., Reimer, J., & Rehm, J. (2014). Non?medical use of prescription opioids and prescription opioid?related harms: why so markedly higher in North America compared to the rest of the world?. Addiction, 109(2), 177-181.
Himmelstein, D. U., Jun, M., Busse, R., Chevreul, K., Geissler, A., Jeurissen, P., … & Woolhandler, S. (2014). A comparison of hospital administrative costs in eight nations: US costs exceed all others by far. Health Affairs, 33(9), 1586-1594.
Kumar, V. A., Sidell, M. A., Jones, J. P., & Vonesh, E. F. (2014). Survival of propensity matched incident peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in a United States health care system. Kidney international, 86(5), 1016-1022.
Shah, V. V., Lee, E. B., Reddy, S., Lin, E. J., & Wu, J. J. (2018). Comparison of guidelines for the use of TNF inhibitors for psoriasis in the United States, Canada, Europe, and the United Kingdom: a critical appraisal and comprehensive review. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, (just-accepted), 1-26.
Squires, D., & Anderson, C. (2015). US health care from a global perspective: spending, use of services, prices, and health in 13 countries. The Commonwealth Fund, 15, 1-16.
Stoddart, G. L., & Evans, R. G. (2017). Producing health, consuming health care. In Why are some people healthy and others not? (pp. 27-64). Routledge.
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