Computer Networking: Concepts, History And Advancements

The Layered Approach

The computer network is the collection of the computer system that are linked together for communication and sharing the computer resources among the users connected with the network. Although the computing networking today finds it use widely across various industries, it will fair enough to say that the technology emerged in recent times, if compared with the telephone networks. The concept of computing network has emerged not before the 1960. In fact a lot of concept and technology of the computing network is taken from the older telephone networks [1]. This thing is obvious as these two modes of communication provides universal mode of communication.

With the requirement for the improvement, the network to support more improved and robust data communication the layered approach was introduced in the network design. Previously when layered approach was not introduced, the data communication was not that reliable. Issues in one communication over the network means the entire communication will be affected. In order to minimize that the layered approach was brought into the network design [1]. It divides the network into several layers and the task of data transfer is divided into series of tasks and each task can be controlled independently. Moreover problem in one layer would not affect the executions of others layer.

Over the years design of network accessories has also been improved. After the introduction of the first typewriter in 1860, the first major modification in the keyboard layout was done in 1874 when the QWERTY layout was established by the Sholes & Glidden Company. Although QWERTY layout has become standard for every device that includes typing facility, it was not received so well after its inception as it was argued that the layout actually makes the type slower than the traditional layout that resembles the alphabetic sequence.

In order to improve the human machine interaction, there was an effort to create a machine that could made the navigation on computer display easier [4]. The discovery of mouse in 1960 by Douglas Engelbart was the result of the effort. After its introduction, there has been a lot of improvement in terms of design and speed to make it more ergonomic and appealing to the mass. However the motivation of the invention has always remain the same, the blending of human factor into the technology.

The technologies currently used for the internet are cable modem access and DSL access [2]. These technologies have been discussed in the following sections:

Design Improvement of Network Accessories

The technology is used for connecting a single computer or a branch of computers to the internet. In the cable modem access, the computer or the network of computers is equipped with the Ethernet LAN or the local area network.  The maximum sped for the cable modem access is 5 Mbps. In this access all the computers use the same bandwidth which is often limited.

The DSL technology uses digital subscriber line for proving the internet connection to the users. One of the major benefits of DSL access over the cable modem access is the instead of limited bandwidth, user gets bandwidth as per the need and it is dedicated to that particular user for the entire session. However, the maximum bandwidth provided for the user is still less than the bandwidth provided in the cable modem access. The dedicated bandwidth is for the connection between the user home and the provider for the DSL access. However the DSL access is more secure than the cable access.

The internet protocol is the technique that defines a set of rules for communicating within a network and identify the devices in the network through logical numbers. There are several internet protocols and the major protocols are:

The routing is the procedure of selecting a particular traffic or path based on the IP address. Static routing is the procedure of always selecting a particular path or the traffic as specified in the routing table and it does not change until the network admin change the table. Whether dynamic routing is more advanced and efficient. In dynamic routing the routing information is altered based on the incoming routing message. If alternation is made on the network traffic, the information is sent to the communicating router so that it can acknowledge the change

Pros and cons of the static routing:

Pros and cons of the dynamic routing:

In the past internet speed was not so good, giving only 16 to 64 Kbps of speed. Then presently the speed has been improved a lot giving 4 to 5 Mbps average speed. In the future the internet speed is going to be increased a lot with the introduction of fiber optics and it is going to be 30 to 40 Mbps speed in average.

The human centric design have made an way in the computer netweoking design aspect. Today phones suport touch mode, it has just become so easy to control the devices with gestures. Several applications have been made for every purpose , be it shoping , watchning movies, booking tickets and lots more. In order to improve the human computer interactions, these app has been made lot simpler to use yet full of versatality and full of features [6].

The prediction for the future computer networks is really difficult. The reason for this being the following:

• Technical complexity
• pace of innovation
• Wide range of operations

However, looking at the history of the computer network development it is fair to say that the innovation is likely to continue as it has always been. However, the wide range of network application means that the influence for the innovation may come from anywhere. Several outstanding technology has already been evolved in this direction [3]. The introduction of Software Defined Networking (SDN), cloud computing, intelligent networking, IoT is an effort in this direction.  This technologies are likely to bring a lot of improvement in the way computer network currently works and it will surely make modern life more connected than ever [5].

Cloud computing:

The introduction of the cloud computing is likely to bring a lot of innovation in the way computer networking works. It basically delivers computer resources like storage, server, and computer platforms over the internet [5]. Thus eliminating the need for physical access to these computational resources.

SDN:

Software defined network is a cloud architecture that is aimed for managing network and configuring the network with programming

IOT:

IoT or internet of things is defined as the ecosystem which includes range of connected devices from computer to home appliances to smart devices. It will be possible to interact and control these devices through internet [3].

References:

[1]   C. Jacks, .Interactive History of the Networking Development, New York: Penguin Random House, 2016, pp. 175–225.

[2]W. M. Tailor, “The Present Trend In Computer Networking,” in practical approach in network design and simulation, vol. 3, M. W. Catton and J. P. Hartnett, Eds. New York: Macmillan, 2015, ch. 7, pp. 37–62

[3] J. Attapangittya, “Technology That Will Dominate the Future Networking,” International Journal of computer system and networking, 13(1), p.83 2015.

[4] M. Andrew and J. Tailor, “an interactive guide of the computer networking,” Journal of computer system and communication, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7-8, 2014.

[5] H.Rettingfield and J. Ferguson, “Technology That Will Dominate The Future Networking,” in Fifth IEEE Computer Networking and Communication Conference and Exposition, International Journal of Computer System and Networking, 2017, pp.72-102.

[6] R.Wittenfield, “modern day ergonomics in application and system design,” International Journal of modern design and applications, 13(1), p.83 2015.

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