Computer Networking: Types, Technologies And Future

Introduction to Computer Networking

Computer network can be defined as the collection of computer systems along with other computing hardware devices which are connected together by making use of the communication channels. This connecting channels are associated with facilitating the process of communication along with sharing the resources amongst numerous users. The classification of the computer networks are generally done according to the characteristics that they are having [1]. Computer networking is generally refers to the entire process by which the computer network is created and used by depending upon the various kind of hardware, protocol and software which includes the wired as well as the wireless technology. This also includes the various application of theories from different technological fields which includes the IT, science and computer or electrical engineering.

SOP or the Standard Operating Procedures present in the networking generally requires the selecting materials which includes the cables and the networking hardware and is initially associated with the establishment of the telecommunication protocols, hardware and the software which are required. The advancement in multiple networking hardware technologies are a result of the need for enhanced telecommunication and this hardware mainly includes the hubs, switches, and routers.

The different human centric design approach are listed below:

• OSI Model: The OSI model or the Open System Interconnection model is considered to be the conceptual model which is associated with characterizing and standardizing the communication functions present in the telecommunication or the computing system. This is generally done regardless of the internal structure and the technology which underlies the telecommunication or computing system. The major goal of this OSI layer includes the interoperability of the various kind of communication system by making use of the standard protocols. This model is associated with partitioning the communication system into abstract layer whereas the original version of this model consists of 7 different layers [2].

Seven layers Of the OSI model includes the following:

Table 1: Seven Layers of the OSI Model

• TCP/IP Model: The TCP/IP model is generally considered to be a suite of communication protocol which is generally used for the purpose of interconnecting the various network devices that are present in the internet. This is also used as one of the communication protocol for the private networks. The entire internet protocol suite or the set of rules and procedures is termed as TCP/IP whereas some other things are also included in the suite as well. This is associated with specifying the ways by which the data gets exchanged by making use of the internet which is associated with providing an end-to-end communication and is also responsible for the identifying the ways by which the data is to be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and lastly received at the destination [3].

The table provided below depicts the four major layer of the TCP/IP model:

Table 2: Four Layers of the TCP/IP Model

Table 3: Difference between the TCP/IP Model and the OSI Model

The various type of Routing Protocols mainly includes the following:

• Routing Information Protocols (RIP): This is generally considered to be the forceful protocol type that is generally used by the LAN and the WAN. This type of protocol is also considered as the interior gateway protocol which exists within the usage of the distance vector algorithm.
• Interior Gateway Protocol (IGRP): This is a Distance Vector Interior Gateway Protocol that is used by the routers for the purpose of exchanging the data related to routing in a system which is totally independent [4].
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): This is one of the routing protocol which is generally used by the IP. This can also be stated as the link state routing protocol which is present in a group of interior gateway protocol. This type of protocol generally operates inside an autonomous system is totally distinct.
• Enhanced interior gateway routing protocol (EIGRP): This is routing protocol which is dependent upon the original IGRP whereas it can defined as a Cisco proprietary routing protocol. This can also be defined as a distance-vector routing protocol which is advance within their optimization for the purpose of lessening the unsteadiness of the routing which is incurred after the alteration topology along with the usage of the bandwidth and the processing power of the router which is associated with supporting the enhanced interior gateway routing protocol which would be associated with automatic reallocation of the routing information to the IGRP neighbours by means of exchanging the 32bit EIGRP metric to 24 bit IGRP metric [5].
• Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): This can be considered to be the core routing protocol present in the internet which are responsible for the maintenance of the table of internet protocol network that are associated with authorizing the network reaching capability existing between the AS. This is also expressed as the “Path Vector Protocol”.
• Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS): This is the great protocol that is generally used by the network devices for the purpose of determining the way that is best for promoting the datagram from side to side a packet switch network and this process is generally termed as routing [2].

The use of various technologies helps a lot in developing the future computer network. Some of eth examples of future computer network includes eth following:

• SDN or the Software Defined Network: This is a technical approach to the concept of cloud computing which is generally associated with the facilitation of the network management and is also responsible for the enabling of the efficient network configuration in a programmatic way. This is done for the purpose of improving the performance of eth network and also for the purpose of monitoring the network [6].

• Cloud computing: This is the general term that is used for the purpose of delivering hosted services by making use of the internet. This is associated with helping the companies in consuming compute resources which includes a virtual machine, virtual storage space and many more. This is done virtually without building and maintaining the computing infrastructure [9].
• Intelligent network: This is one of the telephone network architecture which consists of a service logic for a call that is placed in a separate location from the other switching facilities and is also associated with allowing the services to be added or changed without any need of redesigning the switching equipment’s [7]. The main section that is the intelligence is provided by the network nodes present in the service layer which is distinct from the switching layer. The IN or the intelligent network is owned by the telecommunication service providers which includes the telephone company or the mobile phone operator.
• ch are generally embedded with the other electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity [8]. This in turn is associated with enabling the devices to get connected to each other so as to exchange the data. This in turn is associated with the creation of opportunities related to direct integration of the physical world into the systems which are dependent on eth usage of computers and initially results in improvements in efficiency, benefits in economy and many more.

Conclusion

The report helps in concluding to the fact that the old concept of network has totally changed and the new concepts and protocols are associated with changing the ways in which the humans work, communicate and many more. This had been forging in a powerful way into areas of human lives in such ways which has ever been expected. Along with the evolution of new technologies the lives of human would be changing gradually and they would live an enhanced life. It can be considered that most of the digital networking’s current technologies are not associated with cutting the edge, but are rather considered to be the protocols and standards which are conceived at digital networking age.

References:

S Yongjie, “Research on Communication Encryption Technology of Network Security”, Telecom Power Technology, 2014.

L Dong, Y Peng, “Network Security and Firewall Technology [C]”, proceedings of 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE 2010, no. 2, 2012.

W Xiaolin, “Study on Computer Network Antivirus Mechanism based on Antivirus Software”, Network Security Technology & Application, 2014.

L Mills, “Computer network time synchronization: the network time protocol on earth and in space”. CRC Press, 2016.

K. Mishra and S.K Pandey, “Dynamic model of worm propagation in computer network”, Applied mathematical modelling, 38(7-8), pp.2173-2179, 2014.

I Lee and K Lee, “The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises”, Business Horizons, 58(4), pp.431-440, 2015.

Z Fadlullah, F Tang, B Mao, N Kato, O Akashi, T Inoue, and K Mizutani, “State-of-the-art deep learning: Evolving machine intelligence toward tomorrow’s intelligent network traffic control systems”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 19(4), pp.2432-2455, 2017.

T Naman, Y Wang, H.H Gharakheili, V Sivaraman, and D Taubman, “Responsive high throughput congestion control for interactive applications over SDN-enabled networks”, Computer Networks, 134, pp.152-166, 2018.

W Rittinghouse, and J.F Ransome, “Cloud computing: implementation, management, and security”, CRC press, 2016.

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