Background
Discuss about the Conceptual Framework For Implement Sustainability.
This project is about an early stage residential construction work, which involves development processes from laying the road for access to the site until the construction of the Fit gates. The project is expected to take 5 months to complete from June to October 2018. The project would be completed within the allotted budget of $618,997 and a contingency amount of $61900 would be kept for handling emergencies.
In the proposal stage of the project, a network diagram was prepared and critical paths were calculated to arrive at two alternative solutions.
The critical path was A-B-C-E-F-G-H and the project had the following schedule defined:
|
Task Name |
Early Start |
Late Start |
Early Finish |
Late Finish |
Total Slack (Sireesha & Shankar, 2010) |
Free Slack |
|
Early stage residential construction project |
Mon 02-04-18 |
Mon 02-04-18 |
Mon 06-08-18 |
Mon 06-08-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
A – Lay access road |
Mon 02-04-18 |
Mon 02-04-18 |
Wed 18-04-18 |
Wed 18-04-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
B – Erect fence |
Thu 19-04-18 |
Thu 19-04-18 |
Mon 30-04-18 |
Mon 30-04-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
C – Demolition of existing structure |
Tue 01-05-18 |
Tue 01-05-18 |
Thu 17-05-18 |
Thu 17-05-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
D – Disposal of demolished material, off site |
Fri 18-05-18 |
Wed 01-08-18 |
Wed 23-05-18 |
Mon 06-08-18 |
64 days |
64 days |
|
E – Top soil removal |
Fri 18-05-18 |
Fri 18-05-18 |
Thu 07-06-18 |
Thu 07-06-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
F – Hard-core filling and compacting |
Fri 08-06-18 |
Fri 08-06-18 |
Mon 25-06-18 |
Mon 25-06-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
G – Erect site accommodation |
Tue 26-06-18 |
Tue 26-06-18 |
Thu 12-07-18 |
Thu 12-07-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
H – Fit out |
Fri 13-07-18 |
Fri 13-07-18 |
Mon 06-08-18 |
Mon 06-08-18 |
0 days |
0 days |
|
I – Electrical services |
Fri 18-05-18 |
Fri 06-07-18 |
Thu 24-05-18 |
Thu 12-07-18 |
42 days |
42 days |
|
J – Temporary drain connection |
Fri 18-05-18 |
Tue 26-06-18 |
Mon 04-06-18 |
Thu 12-07-18 |
33 days |
33 days |
|
K – Excavate and lay water service |
Fri 18-05-18 |
Mon 02-07-18 |
Tue 29-05-18 |
Thu 12-07-18 |
38 days |
38 days |
|
L – Fit gates |
Fri 13-07-18 |
Mon 30-07-18 |
Fri 20-07-18 |
Mon 06-08-18 |
14 days |
14 days |
It was found that increasing duration of electrical activity was not going to affect the overall project schedule s the activity had a 42 days float and thus, its duration was increased to revise the schedule. An alternative solution was use of this time for reduction in the project schedule by 40 days, which would change the critical path to A B C D E F G H and L. However, this would require additional resources to be recruited. Reduction in time would have major commercial benefits, as site work would be reduced by 14 days.
Project Budget is $618,997 and a contingency amount of $61900 would be added to it for approval. The table below shows the distribution of the total funds into each activities of construction that would be carried out on the project:
The rationale behind this project is to understand the process of early stages of residential construction and developing a project management plan that is covering all the necessary project management areas including budgeting, risk management, stakeholder management, safety management, and communication management. This report has been prepared as a base for the development of project plan for each of these project management areas.
The organization is a contractor that is into construction work for building and the current project involves construction of a residential building, which the first phase of construction is being covered on the project.
|
Stakeholder group |
Stakeholder |
Influence |
Interest |
Expectations |
Communication Needs |
Mode of Communication |
Knowledge to communicate |
|
Internal |
Project owner |
High |
High |
Project should be completed within budget and within defined schedule |
Budget approval to be taken from the owner. Schedule must be approved |
Review Meeting Emails |
Project objectives Project progress |
|
External |
Supplier |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Accurate description of services and product required for the residential construction work |
Communication requirement to understand their capacities and get supplies. Update to be given by the supplier to the project manager on supplies. |
Meetings Calls Updates |
Delivery requirements Delivery schedule |
|
External |
Contractor |
Moderate |
High |
Clarity on requirement for tasks to be completed by the contractor through contracts Fair compensation for the work |
Contractor to understand the construction requirement including work hours and tasks. |
Meeting Emails Calls Reporting |
Construction work schedule Human Resource Requirements Construction tasks Quality standards |
|
External |
Construction workers |
Low |
Moderate |
Clear instruction on tasks to be completed Fair compensation for the work Healthy and safe workplace with necessary availability of protective equipments |
Workers to be given clear work schedule by the contractor and guidance to be given by the project manager on site. |
Meeting Calls |
Project tasks and timelines Quality requirements and standards Project progress |
|
External |
Customers |
Moderate |
High |
Residents who would be staying in the building that is being constructed would expect the foundation to be strong, apartments to have all necessary facilities and safety to be maintained |
Duration of Construction work and its completion time to be communicated and they should be involves in data gathering |
Advertising Calls Emails |
Milestones Project requirements |
|
External |
Government |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Taxes are paid in full and all permits needed for the construction project are taken. Construction work processes follow construction guidelines and safety inspection is being done. Contractor must comply with the health and work practices act requirements for workers. All safety provisions to be made available and no minor is hired for the construction work |
Business and financial statements to be declared, taxes to be paid, and permits to be taken for the construction work |
Emails Declarations Permits |
Construction standard compliance Tax declaration Health and safety provisions Work permits |
|
Internal |
Finance Manager |
High |
Moderate |
Project schedule and human resource plan must be accommodated within allotted budget. Sufficient information is provided to release funds on time for completion of the project effectively |
Communicate the project schedule along with needs for funds for release |
Emails Reports |
Approved budget Human resource plan Approved timeline |
|
External |
Nearby dwellers |
Moderate |
Moderate |
The construction work duration, start and finish dates to be known. Hoardings and signs to be made available at the site for the information along with the contractor details Safety provisions to be taken to ensure they are not affected |
To communicate that the construction work is going on. To assure that safety measures are being taken. |
Signage’s Advertisement |
Construction duration Contractor information Safety measures |
|
Internal |
QA Officer |
Moderate |
Moderate |
Quality standards are maintained for construction work, equipments and material used |
Quality review to be conducted by the QA officer |
Review Reporting |
Quality requirements Project Progress |
For the construction of sustainable building, sustainability principles would be followed involving certain strategies as described below:
Economy: Economy would be achieved on the project by improving its productivity, increasing profits, reducing defects, making timelines more predictable, providing best value, and keep the stakeholders satisfied.
Effective Resource Utilization: The resources on a construction project include energy, water, money, materials, and people. All of these resources would be utilized optimally during the construction project.
Project Review
Resource and Energy Conservation: Natural resources would be conserved by replacing rare materials with less rare material for construction work. The non-renewable resources used in the construction projects including material; water, energy, and land have to be conserved. For conservation of materials, materials used would be non-toxic and durable. The design of the construction would be made in such a way that wastage of material is avoided. For conservation of water, certain steps would be used including use of water efficient fixtures, rainwater collection for reuse, and designing low-demand landscape. To conserve energy, strategies that would be used include use of environment friendly or renewable materials for construction, energy efficient designing, use of low energy transportation methods, use of energy effective technologies, and passive energy designing (Vizian, 2016).
Minimize Pollution: To minimize pollution, effective waste management techniques would be used and the materials used would not be toxic. Emission control measures would be taken to prevent harmful emissions from releasing from the construction site through materials or energy usage sources. The fuel that would be used for transportation or for the equipments to work at the construction site to further reduce the emissions from the project execution.
Healthy Built Environment: Ecological principles would be used coupled with resource efficient methods of construction so that a healthy built environment can be created. The mineral resources that would be used would include more of renewable resources to further enhance the built environment (Nassar, 2009).
Stakeholder Satisfaction: Stakeholders of the project include workers, suppliers, potential residents, contractors and the project owner. They would be kept satisfied by addressing their needs that would be discovered in a stakeholder meeting that would be conducted before the beginning of the construction process (Akadiri, et al., 2012).
For the sustainability of the building, Analytics Hierarchy Process tool would be used post construction, which involves decomposing a problem into sub-problems and then finding solutions for them. This model facilitates decision making using judgements, perceptions, memories and feelings. It allows for accommodation of both financial and non-financial quantitative and qualitative measures (Wadugodapitiya, et al., 2005).
Performance management planning would involve assessment of the performance of the building construction project for which some key performance indexes would be utilized. The performance management would be carried out in five steps including measurement, storage, analysis, reporting, and usage. During the measurement phase, perspectives of stakeholders would be defined and performance goals would be set. Success factors would be defined and measured in practice. Using the actors identified, a schema and a data table would be created for the storage. A hierarchal structure would then be created for the analysis. The results from the analysis would be reported using a monitoring system. The reported data can then be used for assessing the performance of the project and accordingly take steps for improvement it is it not as per the project plan. A performance management matrix would be prepared recording perspectives, goals, descriptions, target and results as the project progresses (Bhatt, et al., 2010). The table below shows the format of this data record:
|
Perspective |
Goals |
Description |
Target |
Results |
|
Financial |
Reduce cost of construction |
Reduce the days required for construction |
4 days |
|
|
Customer |
Achieve customer satisfaction |
Stakeholder requirements met |
100% |
|
|
Construction processes |
Safety |
Rate of accidents or injuries reduced |
0% |
|
|
Quality of construction |
Meeting quality standards |
100% |
||
|
Human resource |
Strengthen HR |
Provide training on work (MUIRURI & Cornelius MULINGE, 2014) |
30 workers |
Project Schedule
The table above would record how the project is performing and would identify if there were any gaps that are required to be filled in order to achieve the project objectives in terms of the performance of the project (Kim & Park, 2007).
For the safety and health management at the construction site, certain standards would be followed in the project and these include 851.23 of 10 CFR 851 Subpart C, which covers identification, and prevention of hazards and maintenance of health and safety standards. A review would be conducted at the construction site to check if all the safety and health management requirements are sufficiently fulfilled. A checklist would be used for this as shown below:
- Are health and safety programs have been developed and communicated to the project team?
- Do construction workers have an easy access to the worker safety and health program?
- Are appropriate procedures already established for handling job related injuries, incidences, illnesses or fatalities?
- Are protective equipments provided to the construction workers?
- Are there communication feature available for immediate communication and reposes to project manager at the time of emergencies for works?
- Are the standard operating procedure and safety messages kept at the right places on the construction site?(OSHA, 2016)
- Are the signage is related to construction are highlighting the risks have been sufficiently placed in visible areas?
- Are the safety aid boxes and energy response equipments easily available to be used?
- Is there a clear evacuation area available for workers to use for exit in the case of emergencies like fire?
- Are there any wires or parts that can cause tripping and injuries as a result to works or those passing nearby?(OEM, 2010)
The answers to all these questions must be affirmative if the construction project has appropriate safety and health processes used.
|
Risk |
Impact |
Probability |
Ranking |
Response |
Responsibility |
Contingency Plan |
|
Cost overrun |
Medium |
High |
6 |
Avoid: Monitor the project progress to check if the costs are in control and in case they are found to be deviating from the plan, take control measures |
Project Manager |
If the cost goes out of control but project still needs funding, use the contingency fund of 10% that was allotted or get approval for the additional funds for the execution of remaining construction activities. |
|
Delays in construction work |
High |
Medium |
6 |
Avoid: Monitor the progress of the project as per planned schedule and take control measures to control deviation from the plan Mitigate: If there are deviations from the schedule, update the schedule |
Project Manager |
If a major delay is caused on the project, take appropriate approval from the management and extend the final deadline |
|
Poor Quality of materials received |
High |
Medium |
6 |
Avoid: Clearly defined the standards for the materials used for construction and order the supplies accordingly |
Quality Assurance Manager |
Use quality inspection to identify defects and make the arrangement for repairs or reorder as needed (Oracle, 2009) |
|
Scope changes |
High |
Low |
3 |
Mitigate: Discuss project scope with stakeholders and make the plan to include all major stakeholder requirements so that there is less need to make any changes in the scope in the future. |
Project Manager |
If the scope if to be changed, take the change request and get the same approved by the management. Allow the changes to be made only if the management approves them |
|
Conflicts with contractors or suppliers (Liu, 2013) |
Medium |
Medium |
4 |
Avoid Use regular communication strategies to keep connecting with contractors and suppliers regularly so that conflicts are avoided. Mitigate: Identify possibilities of conflicts and make provisions for the same in contracts so that at the time of conflicts, decisions can be taken fast referring to clauses given in the contract |
Project Manager |
If a major conflict is faced, bring an arbitrator in between to resolve issue in a way that is acceptable to both conflicting parties. |
|
Lack of resources |
Medium |
Medium |
4 |
Mitigate: If a worker is expected to leave the construction work, hire a new worker as a replacement or distribute the work to other workers till the time a replacement I received |
Contractor |
Get the contractor to send new worker to complete the construction work that is remaining |
|
Accidents or injuries |
High |
High |
9 |
Avoid: Use proper safety procedures and protective equipments for workers to avoid any accidents or injuries |
Contractor |
If injuries or accidents occur, take the immediate action by providing medical treatment to injured or send them for hospital in case of major accidents. |
|
Complains from nearby residents |
Low |
Low |
1 |
Avoid: Inform the nearby residents and seek apologies for inconvenience. Take their consent before the construction site is finalized for construction by explaining them the need and benefits for construction |
Advertisement Addressing |
Take help from the government to approve the work and begin with informing the nearby people |
Communication would occur between team members, contract workers, suppliers and other stakeholders. Following table presents the communication matrix, which identifies what kind of communications would happen between whom and how the same would be managed on the project.
|
Communication |
Audience |
Description |
Mode |
Author/ sender |
Approver |
Timing |
|
Progress report |
Project Owner Project Sponsor |
Progress of the project is presented through a report or a presentation |
Meeting |
Project Manager |
Project Owner |
After a major project milestone is achieved (PMI, 2015) |
|
Project schedule changes |
Project Owner |
If project delivery deviated from project schedule, the same has to be communicated along with the justification |
Meeting |
Project Manager |
Project Owner |
At the time schedule is found delayed beyond 5% from its actual milestone date |
|
Project plan |
Project Owner |
Preparation, presentation and updating of the project plan |
Meeting |
Project manager |
Project owner |
During the planning stage of the project |
|
Conflicts |
Project Manager Supplier Contractor Worker |
Project manager has to get the issue resolved or get a mediator to resolve the conflicts |
Emails Calls Meeting |
Project team members |
Project Manager |
When conflicting situation is communicated to the project manager by the team |
|
Funding |
Project sponsor Project Owner Finance Manager |
Prepare budget, get approval for funding or release the funds when required for the construction work |
Discussion meeting Presentation |
Project manager |
Project Sponsor |
Budget is prepared at the start of the project and payments are released as per milestone requirements (PDA, 2007) |
Conclusions
The project plan report was prepared for a construction project that involved initial stages of a residential building construction. The project is planned to be completed in 5 months and with a given budget. The plan included the details of activities to be completed which was presented using a Gantt charts. The options that could be used to improve the schedule to get most benefit has also been provided. The report included other essential plans for the construction project including communication plan, stakeholder management plan, risk management plan, safety and health management plan, performance management plan, and sustainability management plan.
References
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