Introduction to Cyber Violence
Cyber violence refers to the form of harassment or bullying through using the electronic media. Cyber violence is also considered as the online harassment. Cyber violence has been increasing rapidly in the recent years as more and more people are accessing internet easily. However, in the modern era due to rapid use of social media by the teenagers the cyber violence takes place (Peterson and Densley 2017). Social media is the main tool that facilitates the cyber violence in the recent years. The developing countries are facing challenges due to the increased rate of cyber violence. For government cyber violence is a great concern, which needs to mitigate. This study will reveal the occurrence of cyber violence and its regulatory process.
Rationale of the current research proposal focuses on the rapid enhancement of the cyber violence in UK. It has been found that women are the major victims of cyber violence. As per the statistical data in EU, women who are in the age group of 15 are the victims of cyber violence (Eige.europa.eu 2018). However, cyber violence is a different phenomenon of violence that includes sexual harassment for the women. UK statistics show that 235 out of 486 girls are the victims of online abuse in comparison to the boys (Theguardian.com 2018). On the other hand, 1,002 young people in age group of 11 to 18 are reported as the cyber victims in UK.
This research study aims to reveal the impact of cyber violence and its regulation process.
The research objectives are as follow:
- To critically evaluate the causes of cyber violence
- To what extent cyber violence leaves an impact on the human life
- To understand the regulation process of cyber violence
The review of the literature shows the causes, effect and regulation processes of the cyber violence. However, cyber violence is the major concern of every country as it affects the lives of the people. In the recent years the cyber violence has been increasing rapidly as people are more involved in using the internet and social media (Kabir 2018). Both male and female are affected by the cyber violence, however, female are the worst victim of cyber violence. The cyber violence is also referred as the cyber-stalking. In this process, the hacker continuously sends the unwanted messages and mail to the victims. However, threat of violence is given with a hate speech to the victims through this process. Often the sexually graphic images are sent to the victims via online.
Various factors are associated with the cyber crime one of the major factors is the easy access of the internet. Internet and computer are easily accessible at present time. There are many possibilities to breach the security while using a computer. This is due to the use of complex technology (Owen 2017). For hacker, it is easy to access the code through programming. Therefore, they are able to fool the biometric system easily and usually pass through the security system. The capacity of the computer to store the data in small place is another factor of cyber violence. However, computer has a unique system to preserve the long data into a small place. This makes the way easier for the hacker to steal the information from any storage and to use it for their personal profit. Negligence is another factor that affects the security of the information and influences the cyber violence. Negligence is a human feature that leads the human being to make a negligence regarding the protection of their computer (Pashang et al. 2018). As a result, the cyber criminal can easily control and access the computer system.
Occurrence and Impact of Cyber Violence in UK
Rapid enhancement of the social media application influences the cyber violence in a country (Jurasz and Barker 2017). However, at present maximum people spend a lot of time in using social media. They share pictures and other information in this site. This leads the hacker to get the information of the individuals from the social media sites. However, information is shared in the social media regarding the business that often facilitates the cyber violence through stealing the data. Loss of evidence is a vital cause of cyber violence. Any data related to the cyber crime can be destroyed easily. This creates the loss of evidence, which paralyzes the investigation system of cyber violence.
Among the various theories of cyber bullying, one of the major important theories is the conflict theory. This theory highlights the reasons of occurrence of cyber violence. According to this theory, the cyber violence is the result of conflict (Burrell and Morgan 2017). However, if the conflict occurs between the social levels then cyber crime takes place. As for example, teenagers have a tendency to do everything to improve their status, which leads them to do the crime. Hence, the cyber violence is the outcome unsolved social conflict and the unbalanced power in the society. By applying the conflict theory individuals will be able to understand the exact reason of the cyber bullying in the society. Labeling theory is another theory, which is associated with the reason for cyber crime. As per the theory society makes a specific level for each class of people. This is a major reason that influences people to show negative behavior. Therefore, the cyber crime is the result of the negative attitude of the people in the society (Whitty 2017). The activity of the teenagers is not bad but society judges them negatively. This results in the cyber violence among the teenagers.
Cyber violence has a negative impact on the individuals’ life as well as on the society. Cyber bullying is a major factor of psychological and emotional distress in the individual life. As argued by Gualdo et al. (2015), kids who are the victim of cyber violence are suffering from anxiety, depression, fear and low level of self-esteem. Literature shows that cyber violence is more rapid among the teenagers. Teenagers who suffer cyber violence often generate physical symptoms and face struggle in their academic career. Cyber violence leads the individuals to feel vulnerable and powerless. The hackers or cyber criminal delivers nasty posts and messages to the individuals for their profit. This leads the teenagers to feel humiliated in the society.
Factors associated with Cyber Violence
Often individuals feel an extreme level of depression due to the cyber violence, which often forces them to commit a suicide. Cyber violence not only affects the individuals but also affects the society. As for example, the victims of cyber violence are isolated by the society and people try to keep distance from them. Cyber bullying builds a negative image of the individuals in the society, which causes social exclusion (Slonje et al. 2017). The family of the victims also suffers social exclusion due to the cyber violence. As commented by Nixon (2014), cyber violence is a crime that affects the lifestyle of the individuals and the trend of the culture of the society.
Cyber crime is a current concern of every country. To deal with this crime the government needs to regulate it properly. However, the individuals need to increase awareness regarding the cyber crime. To mitigate the cyber violence individuals need to print and take the copy of any cyber bullying (Slonje et al. 2017). It is beneficial for the teenagers to protect their information while using the social media application. One of the vital ways to deal with the cyber violence is to ignore any nasty post or messages. Therefore, the teenagers can report the cyber bullying to the internet service providers and the social media sites. Therefore, reporting of the cyber violence to the police and the cyber crime branch is essential to control the cyber violence. As criticized by Whitty (2017), often parents cut the communication process via internet this hurts the child most as the computer and the cell phone are the vital way of their communication. Instead of reducing the communication the parents need to set boundaries and limitations of using internet for their children. This is effective to reduce cyber violence.
The government has taken necessary steps to control the cyber violence in the country. UK government has introduced Computer Misuse Act 1990, which measures the attack against the computer system (Legislation.gov.uk 2018). By following this Act the computer users are able to report against cyber violence. Computer Misuse Act is categorized under UK cyber crime law. This law includes three offenses such as unauthorized access to the internet, unauthorized access to the computer system and any unauthorized activity with the internet system to impair. In the year 2001 UK government has established a National Hi-Tech Crime Unit to respond to the cyber crime. Therefore, by following the Data Protection Act the cyber cafes are able to protect their consumer data. On the other hand, Harassment Act 1997 is associated with any type of harassment via social media. Under the Malicious Communication Act 1988, the hackers are punished if evidence is found. However, such legislation are helpful to control the cyber crime in UK.
Theories of Cyber Bullying
Research methodology is a vital part of the research proposal. In this current proposal positivism philosophy will be selected as the research philosophy. Positivism philosophy is based on the existing evidence and the factual knowledge (Taylor et al. 2015). Positivism philosophy is associated with the quantifiable observation, which enables the researcher to carry out a statistical analysis. By using positivism philosophy the researcher is able to analyze the data based on human experience. Positivism philosophy includes ontological view, atomistic view, and observable element. Among the two approaches, this study will focus on the deductive approach. Hypothesis is the main element of deductive approach. Deductive approach highlights the existing theory. By using deductive approach the researcher will be able to execute the casual relationship between the research variables and the research concept (Silverman 2016). Deductive approach is effective to measure the research concept in a quantitative way. This current research is based on the cyber violence and its regulation. Hence, deductive approach helps the researcher to measure this concept properly. Descriptive, explanatory and exploratory designs are the main three types of research design. In this current study, descriptive design of the research will be undertaken. Descriptive design is applied to analyze the current issue (Flick 2015). In this current study descriptive design will be helpful to reveal the cyber violence issue in UK. Therefore, this research design will enable the researcher to address the variables of the research.
In this current research, the primary data collection method will be used to gather the data. The selected sample size will be 50 internet and social media users of a cyber café in UK. The survey will be conducted among the internet users to gain feedback regarding their experience with cyber violence. Questionnaires will be given via online to the participants. In this primary research method, the quantitative data collection process will be chosen. Quantitative data collection method is effective to obtain real-time data (Taylor et al. 2015). This study will focus on the survey to gather real-time data from the candidates. However, in the literature review section, the secondary research methodology will be conducted to gather information from the existing journals, reports and online article.
Ethical consideration is a vital part of the research methodology. One of the major ethical issues is the data protection. However, the researcher has to keep the confidentiality of the personal information of the candidates. Therefore, during the survey, no personal question can be asked to the candidates and the participants should not be forced to involve in the survey. Therefore, data manipulation and inappropriate citation are the major ethical concerns. To deal with such ethical issues a plan will be developed. Firstly the researcher has to follow the Data Protection Act to maintain the security of the participant’s information. Therefore, data should not be manipulated and proper citation is required while using secondary information. Closed-ended question will be provided, which will not include any personal question.
The entire research study focuses on the cyber violence and its regulation process in UK. The summary of the study shows that cyber violence is a preset issue in many countries. Among the teenagers and especially in the women this crime is prominent. In order to mitigate this issue UK government has proposed the Computer Misuse Act. On the other hand, a survey will be conducted to understand the viewpoints of the internet users regarding the severity of the cyber violence.
References
Pashang, S., Clarke, J., Khanlou, N. and Degendorfer, K., 2018. Redefining Cyber Sexual Violence Against Emerging Young Women: Toward Conceptual Clarity. In Today’s Youth and Mental Health (pp. 77-97). Springer, Cham.
Burrell, G. and Morgan, G., 2017. Sociological paradigms and organisational analysis: Elements of the sociology of corporate life. Routledge.
Eige.europa.eu. 2018. Cyber violence is a growing threat, especially for women and girls. [online] Available at: https://eige.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/cyber-violence-growing-threat-especially-women-and-girls [Accessed 2 May 2018].
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner’s guide to doing a research project. Sage.
Gualdo, A.M.G., Hunter, S.C., Durkin, K., Arnaiz, P. and Maquilón, J.J., 2015. The emotional impact of cyberbullying: Differences in perceptions and experiences as a function of role. Computers & Education, 82, pp.228-235.
Jurasz, O. and Barker, K., 2017. Submission of Evidence on Online Violence Against Women to the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women, its Causes and Consequences, Dr Dubravka Šimonovi?.
Kabir, N., 2018. Cyber Crime a New Form of Violence Against Women: From the Case Study of Bangladesh.
Legislation.gov.uk. 2018. Computer Misuse Act 1990. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/18/contents
Nixon, C.L., 2014. Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health. Adolescent health, medicine and therapeutics, 5, p.143.
Owen, T., 2017. Cyber Violence. In Crime, Genes, Neuroscience and Cyberspace (pp. 103-114). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Peterson, J. and Densley, J., 2017. Cyber violence: What do we know and where do we go from here?. Aggression and violent behavior, 34, pp.193-200.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Slonje, R., Smith, P.K. and Frisén, A., 2017. Perceived reasons for the negative impact of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14(3), pp.295-310.
Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.
Theguardian.com. 2018. Half of UK girls are bullied on social media, says survey. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/aug/14/half-uk-girls-bullied-social-media-survey
Whitty, G., 2017. Sociology and school knowledge: Curriculum theory, research and politics. Routledge.
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