What is a Database Management System?
A Database Management System can be defined as the system software that helps in the storing, managing, and creation of data in a systematic way (Jukic, Vrbsky and Nestorov 2016). A Database Management System or DBMS is also capable of providing the users and the programmers to utilize the data for further creation, updating, management and retrieval in a systematic way so that these data can be easily accessible and organized in a consistent way.
Entity: An entity can be defined as a singular attribute about which data is stored in a database. Entities can either be specific or abstract based on the requirement of the database (Coronel and Morris 2016). For example, if a database contains data about the contact information about students in a class, then each of the attributes like the name of the student, class they are enrolled in, and other contact information can be considered as entities.
Record: A record is a composition of fields containing all the data about an entity in a database storing the data for further customer incident report. In a database sheet or table, they appear as rows (Kacprzyk, Zadro?n and De Tré 2015). For example, if a database contains all the data about a student with a student ID an entire row belongs to that particular student holding the record including all the fields.
|
Student ID |
Student Name |
Specialization |
Class |
Subject |
|
100098 |
ABC XYZ |
IT |
Security Systems |
CISO |
|
100099 |
PQR LMN |
IT |
IS tools |
DBMS |
In this chart as seen above, it can be clearly seen that an entire row only contains the data about a single entity, which makes it an accumulated form of the data against that particular entity, known as record.
Attribute: In Database Management Systems or DBMS, all the entities in the database table has several detailed segregations through which the data is recorded in the database. These segregated details for holding structured data about an entity in a database is known as attributes (Laudon and Laudon 2016). For example, if a database table contains information about an entity called student, then the details that are to be recorded about that student like, student_name, student_id and others, all can be denoted as attributes.
In the past decade Enterprise Systems have risen as an effective tool that is severely used within the business processes globally for integration and extension of organizations about intra and inter organizational levels. The factor that has failed the rise of enterprise system in the business processes is the global economy and the advancement that Information Technology has made in the past decade including industrial informatics.
Difference between Entity, Records and Attributes
It has been witness that the development that Information Technology has made in the recent times has made enterprise systems able to provide a feasible solution to business organizations (Laudon and Laudon 2016). With the growing market for every organization including any industry in the contemporary era and with the inclusion of Information Technology the needs for advancements has been growing at an exponential level. Every organization or the other is willing to surpass its competitors with the implementation of latest business Strategies and most of them are found to be the implementing of Information Technology. This is where enterprise system have come into being as both the manufacturing and service industries along with the Other industries globally have need it evident that enterprise systems such as the enterprise resource planning or ERP is the best possible solution to run a business instead of making use of the functional information systems that has been used traditionally so far. Reports have witnessed that the global economy and the Global Business operation has seen a sea change after the implementation of enterprise system like the ERP which have made it possible for business organization to achieve efficiency competency and competitiveness.
There are a number of people responsible behind the development of the algorithms behind the social media websites for various advertisements. It is often found that these advertisements are discriminatory and for this the people behind the development of the algorithm behind these advertisements are to be blamed (Carlson 2018). Not just the developers of these algorithms but also the people who allow the working of these algorithms to provide the users with such discriminatory advertisements can be blamed for this. Therefore human being is ultimately responsible for the decision being made or informed for the development of an algorithm (Kulshrestha et al. 2017). It is not justifiable to believe the algorithm itself as they are machine learning processes developed by human.
7 b.Google, Facebook, and many other widely used software platforms have been accused of using algorithms that present biased search results or news feeds. Should such platforms be bias free (at least as much as possible), or is it acceptable for platforms to reflect the biases of the developers? Explain.
It is never an acceptable fact that online social media platforms like Google Facebook and others present biased search results or news feed. It is often found that during surfing through a social media network or a search engine like Google the advertisement or the search result as well as the news feed are based only on the last search of a particular user and mostly the application and website the user visits (Sunstein 2018). The social media website or the search engine acts as if the user is limited to only using these kind of information and do not wish to go beyond their usual search and activities. This can prove to be frustrating at some point of time. This is because this not only impacts on user but also creates a social impact.
It is often found that Google search algorithm spreads false information and the algorithms behind this search technique methodologies are to be blamed for this. However, the algorithms are developed by human mind and as a human being developing these algorithms deserve the outright blame for the blasphemous act (Duarte, Llanso and Loup 2018). This is because with this bias news feeds and search results there is a high chance of spreading wrong information through the most trusted social media websites. Moreover personalising a search result and news feed would mean restricting a user from free surfing of the internet which also goes against the law for an individual’s Right to Information over the internet.
References
Carlson, M., 2018. Facebook in the News: Social media, journalism, and public responsibility following the 2016 Trending Topics controversy. Digital Journalism, 6(1), pp.4-20.
Coronel, C. and Morris, S., 2016. Database systems: design, implementation, & management. Cengage Learning.
Duarte, N., Llanso, E. and Loup, A., 2018, January. Mixed Messages? The Limits of Automated Social Media Content Analysis. In FAT (p. 106).
Jukic, N., Vrbsky, S. and Nestorov, S., 2016. Database systems: Introduction to databases and data warehouses. Prospect Press.
Kacprzyk, J., Zadro?ny, S. and De Tré, G., 2015. Fuzziness in database management systems: half a century of developments and future prospects. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 281, pp.300-307.
Kulshrestha, J., Eslami, M., Messias, J., Zafar, M.B., Ghosh, S., Gummadi, K.P. and Karahalios, K., 2017, February. Quantifying search bias: Investigating sources of bias for political searches in social media. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (pp. 417-432). ACM.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education India.
Sunstein, C.R., 2018. # Republic: Divided democracy in the age of social media. Princeton University Press.
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