Functional and Non-Functional Requirements for Network Design
Lyno stationers a key supplier of stationery in the city of Melbourne. The success is not only tied to quality products and services offered but also the location of business premise. Due to increased sales, growth is expected soonest. The management have decided to redesign the network infrastructure that will have a new a shape of the company with respect business processes are carried.
We therefore in this article design a network that is human centered to suite business needs.
Functional requirements denotes to the expected roles that a system should perform. For our network design, the management has pointed out that sales and engineering teams should have no access to finance department and admin, human resource and finance departments should have full access to any IT infrastructure resource.
A non-functional requirement refers to the behaviors of any given system. Scalability, reliability, performance and resiliency are some of the pointed out non-functional requirements for our network design project. Our network design should result into a network that is scalable in terms of future expansion. Most important, the network should be reliable and minimized downtimes should occur.
|
Device name |
Specifications |
Quantity |
Justification |
Cost in USD |
|
Router |
· Fixed USB 1.1 Ports : 2 · Compact Flash: 64 MB · Interface Card Slots: 4. each supports HWIC, WIC, and VWIC type modules. · DRAM: 512 MB · Network slot module : 1 |
1 |
Router will be routing information in and outside the network |
1391 |
|
Firewall |
· Model: Cyber roam |
1 |
Cyber roam will be filtering incoming and outgoing traffic |
2370.54 |
|
Wireless router |
· DRAM : 512 MB · Flash memory: 256 MB · Mini-USB port: 1 · WAN interface: 1 gigabyte Ethernet 0 and 1 Serial interfaces · LAN interface: 4 fast Ethernet ports. · Model: Cisco router 3500 series. · Auxiliary port: RJ 45 Single Port |
2 |
Wireless handheld devices will be supported with the WAPs |
64*2=128 |
|
Servers |
· Processor family: Intel · Maximum Memory: 2TB, 128 GB DDR# RAM · Processor core: 28 · Processor speed:3.6 GHz · Memory slots: 20 DIMM · Cache level: L3 38.50 · Network controller: HPE 1 GB 321i 4 adapter-ports · Processors number: 2 |
1 |
The server will be hosting DHCP and DNS services |
24344 |
|
Switch |
· DRAM: 128 MB · Flash memory: 64 MB · Model: Cisco Switch 2900 series · RJ 45 ports: 48 |
2 |
The switches will be used to extend our network to client PCs. |
2481*2=4962 |
|
Area |
IP address range |
Default Gateway |
Sub netmask |
|
Admin department |
172.16.17.1 – 172.16.17.254 |
172.16.17.253 |
255.255.255.0 |
|
HR department |
172.16.16.1 – 172.16.16.254 |
172.16.16.253 |
255.255.255.0 |
|
Finance Department |
172.16.15.1 – 172.16.15.254 |
172.16.15.253 |
255.255.255.0 |
|
Sales Department |
172.16.19.1 – 172.16.19.254 |
172.16.19.253 |
255.255.255.0 |
|
Engineering Department |
172.16.18.1 – 172.16.18.254 |
172.16.18.253 |
255.255.255.0 |
Our network design will be based on simplicity to achieve User-Centered-Approach, we will not include any complexities in the network so that Lyno Stationers IT support team should have easy time during troubleshooting [2].
Router configuration
Router>
Router>ena
Router#confi ter
Router(config)#innter f0/0
Router(config)#inter f0/0
Router(config-if)#no shu
Router(config-if)#inter f0/0.15
Router(config-subif)#ip add 172.16.15.253 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 15
Router(config-subif)#inter f0/0.16
Router(config-subif)#ip add 172.16.16.253 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 16
Router(config-subif)#inter f0/0.17
Router(config-subif)#ip add 172.16.17.253 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 17
Router(config-subif)#inter f0/0.18
Router(config-subif)#ip add 172.16.18.253 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 18
Router(config-subif)#inter f0/0.19
Router(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 19
Router(config-subif)#ip add 172.16.19.253 255.255.255.0
Router(config-subif)#end
Router#copy run start
Switch configuration
Switch 1
Switch>
Switch>ena
Switch#con
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#swi
Switch(config)#interface range f0/1-2
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all
Switch(config-if-range)#ex
Switch(config)#inter fa0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 15
Switch(config-if)#inter fa0/4
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 16
Switch(config-if)#inter fa0/5
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 17
Switch(config-if)#inter fa0/6
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 15
Switch(config-if)#inter fa0/7
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 15
Switch(config-if)#end
Switch#copy run start
Switch 2 configuration
Switch>
Switch>ena
Switch#configure terminal
Switch(config)#inter fa0/1
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(config-if)#en
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all
Switch(config-if)#inter ra f0/4-5
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if-range)#switchport access vlan 15
Switch(config-if-range)#inter f0/2
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Device Specifications and Justification
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 18
Switch(config-if)#inter f0/3
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 19
Switch(config-if)#end
Switch#copy run star
Assigning IP to client PC (manually)
C:>ipconfig /ip 172.16.15.252 255.255.255.0
C:>ipconfig /dg 172.16.15.253
:>ipconfig
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.15.252
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.15.253
Configuration of DHCP
Dhcp service will be configured from the router. See the commands below:
Router#
Router#
Router#confi ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#service dhcp
Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 172.16.15.245 172.16.15.254
Router(config)#ip dhcp pool lyno
Router(dhcp-config)#network 172.16.15.0 255.255.255.0
Router(dhcp-config)#lease 3 5 20
Router(dhcp-config)#default-router 172.16.15.253
Router(dhcp-config)#domain-name lyno.com
Router(dhcp-config)#end
Router#copy running-config start
Assigning an IP address to a client machine by help of DHCP
C:>
C:>ipconfig /ip dhcp
%DHCP-6-ADDRESS_ASSIGN: Interface Ethernet0 assigned DHCP address 172.16.15.1, mask 255.255.255.0, hostname C:
C:>ipconfig/all
C:>ipconfig /all
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : lyno.com
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.15.1
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 172.16.15.253
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8139/810X Family PCI FastEthernet NIC
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 000C.4136.1393
DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : FE80::20C:41FF:FE36:1393%1
DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 52633670547
The security of our developed network will be taken care of by our cyber roam firewall and by use of access lists applied on the router.
The following are access lists applied on the router to achieve some of the business functional requirements. For instance the administration expects that sales team and engineering group should not access finance department but can have access to other services such as print service. See commands below:
Router>ena
Router#conf ter
Router(config)#access-list 118 deny tcp 172.16.19.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.15.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#access-list 118 deny tcp 172.16.18.0 0.0.0.255 172.16.15.0 0.0.0.255
Router(config)#access-list 118 permit tcp any any
Router(config)#inter fa0/0
Router(config-if)#ip access-group 118 in
Wireless router configuration guidelines
- Access AP’s web-based setup page by typing default gateway of the AP in the browser.
- While on the web-page setup, click ‘Wireless’.
- Enter your network Name SSID. Note that you should enable SSID.
- Click “Wireless Security”. Select your favorite security mode.
- Enter your secret word in the “Passphrase” area.
- In “internet setup” area, type and DNS server address, one of the LAN IP addresses and default gateway address [9].
- In “Network Setup Area”, type LAN IP address. The LAN IP address will be the default gateway to client computers, enter the “Start IP Address and Click on “Save Settings”. NB. Enable the DHCP server. The AP is ready for use.
We will show the workings of our network by ping client PCs from different department’s PCs.
Router Configuration
Ping from finance department to human resource department
C:>ping 172.16.16.252
Pinging 172.16.16.252 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.16.16.252: bytes=32 time=54ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.16.252: bytes=32 time=48ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.16.252: bytes=32 time=61ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.16.252: bytes=32 time=72ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.16.252: bytes=32 time=53ms TTL=241
Ping statistics for 172.16.16.252:
Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 48ms, Maximum = 72ms, Average = 58ms
Pinging from finance department to admin department
C:>ping 172.16.17.252
Pinging 172.16.17.252 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.16.17.252: bytes=32 time=71ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.17.252: bytes=32 time=62ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.17.252: bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.17.252: bytes=32 time=63ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.17.252: bytes=32 time=65ms TTL=241
Ping statistics for 172.16.17.252:
Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 62ms, Maximum = 71ms, Average = 66ms
Pinging from finance department to engineering department
C:>ping 172.16.18.252
Pinging 172.16.18.252 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.16.18.252: bytes=32 time=50ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.18.252: bytes=32 time=69ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.18.252: bytes=32 time=68ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.18.252: bytes=32 time=65ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.18.252: bytes=32 time=49ms TTL=241
Ping statistics for 172.16.18.252:
Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 49ms, Maximum = 69ms, Average = 60ms
Pinging from finance department to sales department
C:>ping 172.16.19.252
Pinging 172.16.19.252 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 172.16.19.252: bytes=32 time=49ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.19.252: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.19.252: bytes=32 time=70ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.19.252: bytes=32 time=57ms TTL=241
Reply from 172.16.19.252: bytes=32 time=60ms TTL=241
Ping statistics for 172.16.19.252:
Packets: Sent = 5, Received = 5, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 49ms, Maximum = 70ms, Average = 59ms
References
[1] C. A. Ogaja, A Practical Guide to Project Design, Boca Raton: crc press, 2016.
[2] S. Noble, Building Modern Networks, Birmingham: Packt Publishing Ltd, 2017.
[3] J. Pyles, . L. Carrell and . Tittel, Guide to TCP/IP: IPv6 and IPv4, Boston: Cengage Learning, 2016.
[4] T. Nguyen, Understanding TCP/IP Subnetting, EnCognitive.com., 2015.
[5] W. Panek, . Wentworth and . Chellis, MCTS Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuration Study Guide, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2015 .
[6] D. Rountree, Windows 2012 Server Network Security: Securing Your Windows Network Systems, Boston: Newnes, 2013.
[7] R. Nobel, . Ziliotto and . Lovison, CCIE Wireless Exam (350-050) Quick Reference: CCIE Wirel Quick Ref ePub _1, Indianapolis: Cisco Press, 2012.
[8] M. Duggan, Cisco CCIE Routing and Switching v5.0 Configuration and Troubleshooting, Indiana Polis: Cisco Press, 2014.
[9] TP-Link, “How to Setup a TP-Link WiFi Router,” 23 September 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9zyKOI-AGs.
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