Background of the Problem
The following report is going to develop a conceptual framework on disaster and surveillance planning. This paper would work as a response plan to evacuate and improve the quality of livelihood during and at post disaster period in Mumbai where excessive downpour has affected the livelihood and led it to stake. These are the strategies to tackle flooding in urban area. However, Mumbai, the financial capital of India has different sets of demographic structure. The population of the city is segmented into different economic groups- the core city dwellers of South Mumbai, the uprising residents of Northern Mumbai, the high class people of Juhu, the planned township in Navi Mumbai and most importantly the great slum i.e. Dharavi.
In any case of the disaster pertaining to flood and water logging, the residents of Dharavi are the worst affected victims. Before structuring the response plan, the population structure of the city needs to be taken into account. Till 2015, the total population of the extended city has been 22 million. Only in the Dharavi slum region, the population exceeds 1 million. Hence, it becomes the obligation to give utmost priority to those people without a proper land in their name. From the aforementioned diagram, it can be made clear that the growth rate according to the output of the workers in the small and medium sized business is quite impressive as it has already touched the layer of 40. The small business sectors with not more than 10-49 employees, has been flourishing with ease. Hence it is necessary to incorporate the changes into the existing business arena so as to mitigate the risks underlying within. The conciliation of the change management has to be encapsulated through effective leadership and entrepreneurial characteristic traits. The following diagram succinctly demonstrates the specific understanding of the entire process pertaining to the small business enterprise relinquishment from the government perspective. 78 % of the city’s population lives in the slum that is considered to be one of the largest slums in the world. It has been identified that heavy down pour has fiercely affected the entire city, impacting upon the delay in train and waterlogged road. In this process Hence it is necessary to incorporate the changes into the existing business arena so as to mitigate the risks underlying within. The conciliation of the change management has to be encapsulated through effective leadership and entrepreneurial characteristic traits. The following diagram succinctly demonstrates the specific understanding of the entire process pertaining to the small business enterprise relinquishment from the government perspective The quantum of the rainfall has been quite impactful upon the core livelihood of the city. However, while talking about the research based study on small business, Storey (2016) has succinctly talked about the problems detected by the owners pertaining to the less interest and involvement shown by the government in the recent years. It has been made clear that the business concept has been taken into certain consideration for its definite understanding of the process with its different mindset. There are some important features of small business that distinguishes it from the large ones. It is highly distinctive in terms of revenue and profitability, employees, market area, ownership and taxes and locations. However, this has been taken into certain account pertaining to the effective understanding of the process with its different mindset because it varies at business conditions.
Complexities
This has been stringently effective in the consideration of how the flood affected people would be evacuated and brought back to normal lifestyle. Despite active and industrious endeavor from BMC that pressed more than 75 pumps in different parts of the city, there has been a specific case for the particular understanding of the issues. In this context, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the processes.
The rain for consecutive three days has rattled the lifestyle and daily occupation of millions of Mumbaikars. Hence, several strategies have been taken into account to tackle urban flooding. “The government improved the way it buys goods and services to help more small businesses bid for public sector contracts”. As most of the small businesses belong to the service sector, the services are highly sought by the government organizations where the majority companies are brought in to consideration through biding and outsourcing process. As an urban head, the city would get ample opportunity to work under government projects where the promotional and advertising activities are skillfully performed. As a matter of fact, this has to be taken into certain account that the specific understanding has to be highly generative with its entire case.
The aforementioned diagram succinctly demonstrates a concise structure of the organization. It is indeed headed by the specific organizational head. The structure has been set on the basis of geographical concept thus focusing on the hierarchical overview. The gamut of the business strategy is highly dependent of how an organization looks forward to undertake the propelled strategies directed in the market. According to the hierarchical structural process the organization has multiple tiers and the higher tier has the opportunity to guide and lead the lower ones and this would be followed through gradual promotional process. In order to bring the change into effectiveness, new ideas are to be induced at the lower level so that those ideas can be directed in a gradual process. For the organizational change management model Kotter’s change model has to be taken into account. However, to implement the change in the company, there is a need to develop certain business skills that have already been mentioned.
Following complexities have been identified in due course of heavy rainfall incident in the city:
- Subways closed due to high tide level
- Railway lines were drowned
- Since the existing technology has failed to exact forecast to the people of the city. There are certain limitations with IMD (Indian Meteorological Department)
- It has resulted in the rise in sea level by 3 mm.
Following pictures clearly demonstrates the plight of the urban residents of Mumbai during the rain:
Following is the recovery plan undertaken by the government of Maharashtra in association with BMC:
- Upgrading storm water drainage system to alleviate the effects of rainfall (it needs to be kept in mind that the average rainfall has been 35 % of the annual rainfall in a day)
- The existing water channels were widened and deepened in order to cause way to the water flow
- Provision of smooth transition of water and waterways near bridges and channel
- Moderate the river course by reinstating existing sharp bends with longer, more docile and smoother bends
- Operating control Room that would work as the MCC (Main Centre of Communication)
- Operation of discharging pumps- at least 200 pumps would be needed to discharge so as to operate in a quick access mode
- Deployment of civil defense in highly required who would be working as volunteers and this number needs to be exceeding 500 personnel
- There should be deployment of civil defense personnel in different wards and NGOs
- Buses and other transporting vehicles need to be kept ready for easy transportation of goods and people
- Mithi rive- the most important and fierce one causing heavy damage to the people living near its bank needs to be de-silted. At least more than 5 million M3silt need to be removed that would ensure easy movement of the water.
- Residential and commercial structures specifically those are under construction need to be removed from the worst affected site.
- It is more important to rehabilitate the structures to a better place than to remove from the plighted place
- There is a need to construct additional bridge that would ensure easy transportation and roadway communication to mitigate further problem cause due to rain. These are the strategies to tackle flooding in urban area. However, Mumbai, the financial capital of India has different sets of demographic structure. The population of the city is segmented into different economic groups- the core city dwellers of South Mumbai, the uprising residents of Northern Mumbai, the high class people of Juhu, the planned township in Navi Mumbai and most importantly the great slum i.e. Dharavi
- Active Traffic management is highly needed and sought after
- Diversion of roads those are water logged is again a matter of serious recovery duty
- State government and municipal hospitals need to be prompt in their action to provide effective aid and services to the flood victims
- The Slum Improvement Board of Mumbai must take a stringent action to provide solution to the slum dwellers
- Regular follow-up is again an important task that would e strengthened through effective communication process.
- Most importantly widening of drains and construction of pumping station is a major task to be done in time
- There is a dire need for the rehabilitation of the slums so as to mitigate and avoid high risk caused due to post- flood outbreak of diseases.
However, the aforementioned processes are highly conventional and traditional in nature. It needs to be taken into consideration that the process has to be highly effective in terms of creating effective nature for the entire understanding of the people. In this case there is a need to find out the process associated with its different understanding of how the response would be directed.
There is a sheer need to the proper use of information technology. In this aspect it can be stated that communication plays an important role in terms of reaching to the greater number of people. In this aspect, it has to be taken into certain account that followings are the needs to reach to the important figures in order to provide proper management to the disaster:
- Linking to the scientists and disaster mitigation officials
- Educating the people to provide self service as far as possible
- Alerting authorities
- Ensuring proper supply of food and clothes
Existing Government Recovery Plan
Since India has a huge problem of water pollution, the polluted water might hinder proper way of lifestyle even after the evacuation. In this aspect, it can be stated that there is an urgent need to ensure proper communication channel. It would be easier to link the entire city to the nation so that aid can be summoned. This has to be taken into certain consideration that more of a specific nature has to be taken into serious account. This is how this has to be provided with proper mitigation procedure. Media can be used to the fullest. Proper usage of GPS in terms of locating the worst flood affected areas and the people would help meliorate the situation.
Conclusion:
It can thus be stated that the basic factor for the analysis of the entire case has been made possible due to its effective consideration. For instance, implementation of proper ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has to be ensured. In this process, there is a clear understanding of the process with its actual case. consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the processes.
The rain for consecutive three days has rattled the lifestyle and daily occupation of millions of Mumbaikars. Hence, several strategies have been taken into account to tackle urban flooding. “The government improved the way it buys goods and services to help more small businesses bid for public sector contracts”. As most of the small businesses belong to the service sector, the services are highly sought by the government organizations where the majority companies are brought in to consideration through biding and outsourcing process. As an urban head, the city would get ample opportunity to work under government projects where the promotional and advertising activities are skillfully performed. As a matter of fact, this has to be taken into certain account that the specific understanding has to be highly generative with its entire case.
However, this has to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective planning procedure. That would finally focus on the specific understanding of the process. As a matter of fact, proper planning procedure would definitely help in understanding future process to mitigate risk.
Reference:
Achir, Y. S. H., & Hamid, A. Y. S. (2015). Learning Exchange on Disaster Risk Management at the 4th Academic WSDN Conference, September 2016. 17(2), 1-1.
Jain, R. K., & Aras, R. Y. (2007). Depression in geriatric population in urban slums of Mumbai. Indian JPublic Health, 51(2).
Klien, E., Lutz, M., & Kuhn, W. (2006). Ontology-based discovery of geographic information services—An application in disaster management. Computers, environment and urban systems, 30(1), 102-123.
Lundkvist, A. (2016). Development of a Web GI System for Disaster Management. Thesis in geographical information technics.
Masser, I. (2005). GIS worlds: creating spatial data infrastructures(Vol. 338). Redlands, CA: ESRI press.
Ranger, N., Hallegatte, S., Bhattacharya, S., Bachu, M., Priya, S., Dhore, K., … & Herweijer, C. (2011). An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai. Climatic change, 104(1), 139-167.
Van Oosterom, P., Zlatanova, S., & Fendel, E. (Eds.). (2006). Geo-information for disaster management. Springer Science & Business Media.
Wattegama, C. (2014). ICT for disaster management.
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