Do Children Really Understand The Word Recycling And What Does It Means?

Research Approach and Methodology

Question:

Do Children Really Understand The Word Recycling And What Does It Means?

For the research work, the researcher has used the deductive approach with the interpretivisim philosophy. For this particular study, the descriptive design is appropriate. For the study, the researcher has chosen 16 participants (toddlers of 2 -3 years of age) of Kings School in Australia and in order to monitor and properly conduct the survey, 2-3 adults are assigned. For the data analysis, done after the implementation of the sustainable practice, focus-group question and answer method is used.

Different types of research philosophies are realism, positivism, and interpretivism. Positivism helps to explain the information in a scientific way with the logical presentation[1]. On the other hand, interpretivism is the aspect of the sociology that helps to describe the elements of the research in a sociological manner[2]. In this research work, the researcher chose the interpretivisim philosophy so that it is easier for the researcher to collect, analyse and describe the data.

Research approach is of two types that are deductive approach and the inductive approach. Both the approaches are used for different purpose. The inductive approach helps to formulate the hypothesis, which depends on the observation pattern. This helps to test the theoretical framework. On the other hand, the deductive approach helps to choose the theoretical framework first to frame and analyse the hypothesis[3]. The researcher used the deductive approach.

For the research study, the researcher has selected the random and the stratified sampling technique. The sampling technique is of two types that are probable and non- probable sampling[4]. This technique helped the researcher to choose the participants or to select the focus group. Few criteria are taken into consideration while choosing the participants from the survey:

1. The age of the participants must lie in between 2 to 3 years of age
2. The participants must have learnt to speak
3. The participants must not suffering from any disease (fever, cold or cough, allergy or other viral/bacterial infections and genetic disease)

Overall, the entire research work is based on the qualitative approach. Qualitative approach is concerned with subjective assessment of opinions, attitudes and behaviours, being a function of the researcher’s insights and impressions. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. In qualitative research, data is collected is in the form of words, and common techniques are focus groups, projective techniques and depth interviews.

In order to understand the children’s perspective on recycle a question and answer round was used (questions attached in the annexure) and the following methods are used in addition:

• Engage children in discussions about sustainable practices such as noticing how a garbage bin is full, how food and scraps left over after meals time pollute the surroundings
• Encourage children to participate in a recycling program (recycling bins manufactured out of cardboard, plastic and paper) or involve them in developing new strategies for recycling materials (using donated materials for arts and craft or donating materials to council clean up etc.)[5][6]

Types of Research Philosophies

Conclusion

The research findings showed that the majority of the participants are aware of the term recycling however, they are not completely aware of the concept behind the recycling and the use of three bins for waste disposal. The research also showed that the majority of the participants are in dark of composting, however, they practice recycling of unused or wasted food in farming.

Thus from the above research, it can be concluded that, regular practice of sustainable use of the natural recourses at school will help the children to understand the concept behind three bins, composting, vegetable garden, worm farm and importance of recycling of scrap food.

The overall research approach will help in better preparation of the next generation towards the sustainable use of the natural resources and will also help the understand the importance of three “R”s, ”, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The upcoming flag bearers of the future generation (the toddlers) will look after the environment. They will learn different type of sustainability practices and how they can incorporate those practices in their everyday lives. Such practices would not only benefit them but also will benefit the environment.

Few recommendations to preach the sustainable use of the natural resources are:

• Setting up paper collection points in each classroom’s craft corner and encourage kids to reuse one sided paper
• Recruiting coloured bins in the central location of the school or assembly area and marking them as per colour (red: general waste, yellow: recycling or biodegradable)
• Establishing a worm farm and using the worm casting and juice from the worm farm on the garden to cultivate vegetables
• Organizing compost treasure hunt where the children will search for those items that can be added to the compost bin
• Erecting rainwater tank in the action area of the school, for the collection of rainwater that can use to water plants, in the washroom or in other cleaning purpose. Recycling water from the water play acts into the garden and emptying the children’s drinking bottles onto the garden[7]
• Utilizing environmental friendly product (where applicable)
• Promoting the use of natural resources for craft via asking families to bring in recyclable items to use for arts and craft
• Growing plants from seed and monitoring the overall growth process

Such sustainable practice will promote awareness towards the environment, “green housekeeping” practices. It will promote healthy eating, gardening, minimizing waste, recycling and reducing water and energy consumption[8][9].

Reference List

Bergh and Ketchen, ‘Research methodology in Strategy and Management’ 1^st ed. (2011) Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd

Boyd, Haynes, M. A. Hitt, and D. D. Bergh. “KETCHEN JR. DJ, Contingency Hypotheses Management Research: Use, Disuse or Misuse,” (2011) Journal of Management” published online 23

Cameron, . ‘A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues’, (2012) International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2), 140-152

Comber, Rob, and Anja Thieme. “Designing beyond habit: opening space for improved recycling and food waste behaviors through processes of persuasion, social influence and aversive affect.” (2013) Personal and ubiquitous computing 17.6: 1197-1210.

Costa-Pierce BA, Bartley DM, Hasan M, Yusoff F, Kaushik SJ, Rana K, Lemos D, Bueno P, Yakupitiyage A. Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture. Farming the waters for people and food. (2012) Oxford Press 113-47.

Crowther and Lancaster,‘Research Methods’, 2nd ed. (2012) London: Routledge

Dix, Andrew. “Law for the medical profession in Australia.”, (1996)  The Medical Journal of Australia, 102, 105

Early Childhood Australia – A Voice For Young Children (2017) Early Childhood Australia <https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/>

Estrada, Mayra. “Every Drop Counts: UC Berkeley Student Water Conservation Behavior.” (2013).

Guillain, Charlotte. ‘Reusing and Recycling.’ (2008) Capstone Classroom.

Lo ‘Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians.’ (2012) Oxford Press, 22,23

NSW ECEEN (2017) www.eceen.org.au <https://www.eceen.org.au>.

Roca, Nuria. ‘The three R’s: reuse, reduce, recycle.’ (2007) Barrons Educational Series, 34, 37.

Schelly C, Cross JE, Franzen W, Hall P and Reeve S. ‘How to go green: Creating a conservation culture in a public high school through education, modeling, and communication’. (2012) The Journal of Environmental Education. 1;43(3):143-61.

songsforteaching (2017) Songsforteaching.com <https://www.songsforteaching.com/index.html>.

Turnbull, Stephanie. ‘Rubbish and recycling’. (2005) Usborne, 70, 84

[1] Boyd, Haynes, M. A. Hitt, and D. D. Bergh. “KETCHEN JR. DJ, Contingency Hypotheses Management Research: Use, Disuse or Misuse,” (2011) Journal of Management” published online 23

[2] Cameron, . ‘A sequential mixed model research design: design, analytical and display issues’, (2012) International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 3(2), 140-152

[3] Crowther and Lancaster,‘Research Methods’, 2nd ed. (2012) London: Routledge.

[4] Bergh and Ketchen, ‘Research methodology in Strategy and Management’ 1^st ed. (2011) Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd

[5] Schelly C, Cross JE, Franzen W, Hall P and Reeve S. ‘How to go green: Creating a conservation culture in a public high school through education, modeling, and communication’. (2012) The Journal of Environmental Education. 1;43(3):143-61.

[6] Estrada, Mayra. “Every Drop Counts: UC Berkeley Student Water Conservation Behavior.” (2013).

[7] Costa-Pierce BA, Bartley DM, Hasan M, Yusoff F, Kaushik SJ, Rana K, Lemos D, Bueno P, Yakupitiyage A. Responsible use of resources for sustainable aquaculture. Farming the waters for people and food. (2012) Oxford Press 113-47.

[8] NSW ECEEN (2017) www.eceen.org.au <https://www.eceen.org.au>.

[9] Comber, Rob, and Anja Thieme. “Designing beyond habit: opening space for improved recycling and food waste behaviors through processes of persuasion, social influence and aversive affect.” (2013) Personal and ubiquitous computing 17.6: 1197-1210.

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