Article summary and reflection
Family and domestic violence, as well as other forms of violence such as sexual violence, are the main issues affecting health development. These types of violence happen across all socioeconomic groups and demographics (Briskman, 2014). The most affected by violence are women and children. Domestic violence among Indigenous people has been on the rise in recent times. This is common among Indigenous women, especially women who are young and those who are expectant (Lonne & Parton, 2014). There are higher chances of domestic violence happening to the Indigenous community than those that are non-Indigenous.
Across the world, victims of domestic violence are mostly women; they tend to experience more severe kinds of violence, for instance, emotional and physical abuse. It is shocking to see that in some places, domestic violence is regularly perceived as justified and legally allowed, mostly in situations of real and alleged adultery on the side of the woman. Domestic violence, however, is amongst the top under-reported crimes globally for both male and female victims (Sherman, 2014). Because of stigmas in society concerning male victimization, all of the male victims face an increased probability of being ignored or disregarded by healthcare givers.
The problems faced due to domestic violence provide the reasons why domestic abuse needs to be stopped, and those protection laws should be implemented to prevent further instances of abuse. The design used in this study relied on the quantitative method of research, as the research is based on the statistical analysis that shows the number of victims and the amount of money used in respect to domestic violence. The significant findings that have been similar in most countries are the financial loss, poor child development, and reduced workforce (Othman, 2014).
Source (Othman, 2014)
Domestic violence in Australia is quite common, since the number of women who meet the criteria of domestic violence victims makes up over 30 percent of the population of women in the country. Under the said estimate, these women would have been abused physically by the spouses or partners at some point in their lives (Kitzmann, 2013). As a result, it is clear that domestic violence has led to various problems which are being faced by Australian society. One of the significant issues which have resulted from domestic violence is the imminent public health problem which exists in the country (Hague, 2015). Domestic violence is regarded as a crime that will result in public health problems. Most of the victims of this form of abuse will have a higher risk of suffering from mental health issues, infections and various diseases since the domestic violence will affect them physically or mentally (Hague, 2015).
Contribution to the current debate
The article starts by singling out disadvantage as well as trauma that are intergenerational, as major factors that contribute to family violence in the communities that are indigenous at alarming rates. Those that experience rates of family that are high are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. A report by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare indicated that the Indigenous Australians have multiple factors that increase the risk of family violence. The factors include stressors that are social, overcrowding, unemployment, poor housing, and financial difficulties.
A group of Indigenous peoples of Australia comprises of the Torres Strait Islander and the Aboriginals who are original inhabitants of Australia. With the arrival of European settlers, there emerged several changes in the lifestyle of Indigenous groups. The onset of these problems started with the displacement of the Indigenous groups from their original areas of residence and commencement of civilization. Health inequality mainly emerges when an individual community lacks access to healthcare services, and yet they are availed to other groups within a society. This disparity has been evidenced by increased cases of morbidity and mortality among disadvantaged groups. This section will seek to identify the causes of health inequality among the Aboriginal peoples of Australia. Further, it will critically discuss the social, economic, biological and environmental factors that have led to health inequality among the Aboriginal peoples (Press., 2017). The Indigenous peoples have considerably suffered due to health inequality as a result of inaccessibility to adequate health services.
The article also gives details about the report on family and domestic violence, providing detailed statistics. The report does not surprise many as it reflects what continues to happen in the Indigenous community. Therefore, there is need for the government to put efforts towards ensuring that family and domestic violence is reduced. Organisations that work towards the eradication of family violence such as the Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations, for instance, Family Violence Prevention Legal Services (FVPLSs) should be supported fully by the government. It has also been noted that most cases of violence are never reported. Children are most affected, and the violence can have devasting effects on their lives. Women are also targeted, hence the need to put more efforts into ensuring their protection.
The article reflects on the growing domestic violence in Australia. Violence is a major factor concerning the health of Indigenous Australians (Dillon et al. 2013). Family and domestic violence affects the health of the Indigenous people negatively and has a damaging impact on their lives. The violence can also lead to the death of Indigenous people. This highlights the catastrophic effects of domestic violence on the health and welfare of Indigenous people.
The article adds to the current debate of the need to put more effort towards the reduction of domestic violence. It provides a full account on the most affected and emphasizes the need for the government to come aboard completely and support the organisations that work towards the reduction of the violence (García-Moreno et al. 2015).
The victims of domestic violence in the world are mostly women; they tend to experience more severe kinds of violence, for instance, emotional together with physical abuse. It is shocking to see that in some places, domestic violence is regularly perceived as justified and legally allowed, mostly in situations of real and alleged adultery on the side of the woman. Domestic violence, however, is amongst the top under-reported crimes globally for both male and female victims (Sherman, 2014). Because of the stigma in the society concerning male victimization, all of the male victims face an increased probability of being ignored or disregarded by healthcare givers.
The problems faced due to domestic violence provide the reasons why domestic abuse has to be stopped, and those protection laws should be implemented to prevent further instances of abuse. The design used in the study relied on the quantitative method of research since the research relies on is the statistical analysis that shows the number of victims and the amount of money used in respect to domestic violence. The significant findings that have been similar in most countries are the financial loss, poor child development, and reduced workforce.
Domestic violence in Australia is quite common, since the number of women who are victims of domestic violence make up over 30 percent of the women for the population nationwide. Under the said estimate, these women would have been abused physically by the spouses or partners at some stage in their lives (Kitzmann, 2013). As a result, it is clear that domestic violence has led to various problems which are being faced by the Australian Society. One of the significant issues which have resulted from domestic violence would be the scale of the public health problem which exists in the country (Hague, 2015). Domestic violence is regarded as a crime that will result in public health problems. Most of the victims of this form of abuse will have a higher risk of suffering from mental health issues, infections and various diseases since the domestic violence will affect them physically or psychologically.
The article highlights the intensity of family and domestic violence. It does this by giving statistics on the number of cases that are handled by the police involving incidents that are related to alcohol and those that are related to domestic violence. Alcohol is a strong contributor in the incidence of domestic violence. Most of the offenders were found to have consumed alcohol before committing domestic violence. The cases were on the rise, and the police commissioner indicates the need of incorporating an Aboriginal liaison officer in every police station. The officer could help in mediating the conflicting sides which could reduce incidences of domestic violence (“NT cops report 12,192 DV cases this year alone”, 2018).
The impact of domestic violence in Australia is quite devastating since the problem is yet to be addressed. One of the issues that have been linked to domestic violence is the negative impact on public health. The health of the women of Saudi Arabia has been affected due to this form of violence with many being hospitalized after an abuse (Statistics., 2017). Additionally, another problem which can be noted is the effect of poor child development. A child who has grown up in a violent environment will likely end up suffering from mental health issues and may also choose violence as a way to solve the problems he or she has experienced (Press., 2017).
Additionally, child development has also been affected since the incidence of domestic violence has led to an increase in the abortion rates in the country. There has also been a significant rise in crime rates, since domestic violence in Australia has not been appropriately addressed, and the women who experience the abuse are reluctant to report the abuse. Last but not least, another problem introduced as a result of domestic violence is the financial loss that will be ensued to accommodate for the health of the battered victims.
Australia lacks stable laws which will help deter the abusers from participating in domestic abuse. As a result, the victims have been maltreated since there is a belief that domestic violence is related to their religion. A substantial number of abusers have not been held accountable for their crimes, since most of the victims have failed to report the matter. This has led to the increase in domestic violence, not only in Australia but also in other countries across the world.
This article provides the reasons why incidences of domestic violence are on the rise. This is helpful in determining ways of reducing domestic violence (Orford et al 2013). Among the efforts to stop these incidences is the need to have an Indigenous officer specifically tasked to attending domestic violence cases amongst Indigenous people (Messerschmidt & Tomsen, 2018). The officer can help in building a good relationship between the police and the people involved so that the Indigenous community can rely on the police when offenses are reported.
This article contributes to the debate of domestic violence and ways of reducing domestic violence. This is by ensuring that alcohol consumption is reduced, as it is a key factor in the incidence of domestic violence (Othman, Goddard & Piterman, 2014). Some of the domestic violence cases are not reported to the police for proper action. This article provides a valid solution to the problem. There is need for reliable police and a stronger relationship between law enforcement and the Indigenous community, so that the local Indigenous people can trust the police when coming forward to report cases of domestic violence (Rowan, 2014). The creation of an Aboriginal liaison officer will help in building strong relationships and in mediating two conflicting parties to avoid domestic violence.
Article summary and reflection
The article starts by showing how domestic violence has brought together men and women from various backgrounds. This indicates the seriousness of the issue. The article highlights some of the causes of domestic violence such as oppression, unemployment, and segregation among others. Low income in families contributes to domestic violence. In fighting domestic violence, detaining someone may not be effective. Instead, allowing the person to talk about he or she feels would be more useful. This reduces the psychological instability.
Violence has been termed as a global issue that has unceasingly plagued women throughout the years. The United Nations Declaration on Violence against Women describes violence against women as: “Any action of gender-centered violence that causes sexual, physical or psychological impairment or distress to womenfolk, including coercion of such actions, intimidation or arbitrary dispossession of freedom, whether taking place in civic or secretive life”. There are various types of terrifying acts committed upon women in the world, especially in the sporting activities. Some of these actions include athlete domestic violence, poor team selection, and early marriages, disregarding their career and national (human) trafficking. These acts are the result of many different issues such as gender inequality, power struggles, inadequate laws and rights, and cultural beliefs and traditions. Women are statistically more likely to have these violent acts happen to them (Modi, 2014).
This article contributes to the health and welfare topic. Domestic violence affects the health and welfare of all people involved, hence there is a need to tackle it in a different way to reduce the incidence (Stanley & Humphreys, 2014). The factors that cause domestic violence should be investigated, when questioning a perpetrator. Built-up emotions can lead a person to resort to domestic violence, if emotional problems are not dealt with. For instance, frustrations due to lack of employment or segregation can result in domestic violence. Therefore, these issues need to be addressed.
The article contributes to the topic of reducing domestic violence by giving an approach on how the problem should be managed. For instance, the offenders should be encouraged to talk about what is troubling them or the factors that made them resort to violence (Wong & Mellor, 2014). The article shows the need of people coming together and joining forces in tackling the menace of domestic violence.
The article starts by giving statistics on how the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are the most affected when it comes to domestic violence. It gives various accounts of incidences of women being killed due to violence. This shows the magnitude of domestic violence amongst Indigenous women in Australia. The article goes on to reveal how Indigenous women also suffer from sexual violence. However, very few stand up to address and condemn this issue. The perpetrators are protected as they come from the same community as the victims.
The disparity in providing health care services to the Indigenous and the non-Indigenous people residing in Australia has escalated over the years due to various reasons. The Indigenous people of Australia have different health needs compared to non-Indigenous people. When the Europeans settled in Australia, they were victims of different diseases such as smallpox, pneumonia, and tuberculosis that were not prevalent among the Aboriginals. These diseases contradicted their health status as it led to infections and could not be treated by traditional herbal medicine they effectively used. The Indigenous people were strongly attached to their traditions and cultural practices. Hence, it was difficult to convince them to embrace modern health care services (Press., 2017). This conservatism of cultural practices has left much vulnerability to new diseases that are incurable by traditional cultural practice. Furthermore, the Aboriginal people have succumbed to chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases due to lack of appropriate treatment.
This article relates to the subject of domestic violence by giving the intensity of the topic. It reveals the lack of effort put towards the reduction of domestic violence among Indigenous people (Lonne & Parton, 2014). Domestic violence continues because it is not being reported and this needs to change. Mandatory reporting will help to reduce the threat of domestic violence.
The article contributes to the current debate by revealing the importance of addressing domestic violence. It highlights the importance of everyone in the community to draw attention to the issue in public places, to resist and condemn domestic violence (Briskman, 2014). This will sensitize people and the affected will in turn report domestic violence cases.
Conclusion
To conclude, domestic violence amongst women has become rampant in recent years, therefore raising much concern on possible measures to deal with this menace. This paper focuses on sporting victimization and perpetration amongst women over the last decade, as well as the main risk factors associated with violence, and also summarizes prevention efforts to reduce violence in the sporting sector (Horsbrugh-Porter, 2017). Factors leading to this include early onset of aggressive behavior when in the field, exposure to violence, social problem-solving skill deficits, negative peer influences, and access to stimulating violence practices. Efforts related to addressing some of the primary risk factors relating to women violence are underway in the United States, though there is need to evaluate and confirm program effectiveness.
Domestic violence is a problem that will not only affect the victims but will have a negative impact on the growth of the Australian society today. As it stands, millions of dollars have been allocated to support the affected victims, the children who have been raised in the violent environments and law enforcement, and millions in expenditure has been lost due to the impact on the productivity of the country as a whole.
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